Distinguished contestants, judges, field audience: hello! Welcome to the 2023 junior science competition. Today, we gather here to explore the mystery of science and to show the young. Every player here is a lover of scientific knowledge and a hope for future scientific development. It is hoped that you will be able to demonstrate not only your knowledge reserves, but also your unlimited enthusiasm for science. The objective of the competition is to improve the scientific literacy of adolescents and young people, to spread scientific knowledge and to develop innovative and practical capacities. The competition covers a wide range of disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy and geography, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific overview of the players. First, let us enter the first part of the competition — the question and answer of basic scientific knowledge. In this segment, the athletes need to answer some basic scientific questions that seem simple but have deep scientific principles. 1. What is the speed of light spreading in a vacuum? Answer: the speed of light in a vacuum is about 300,000 kilometres per second. 2. What are the main components of cells in organisms? Answer: in organisms, the main component of cells is water, which usually accounts for 60 to 90 per cent of cell mass. 3. What is the estimated one-week rotation of the earth? Answer: the earth rotates about 24 hours a week, that is, one day. 4. What are the largest and smallest planets in the solar system? Answer: jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and mercury is the smallest planet. 5. What are the smallest elements of the atomic sequence and the largest elements, respectively, in the periodic table of chemical elements? Answer: in the periodic table of chemical elements, the smallest element of the atomic sequence is hydrogen and the largest element is thorium. And then we'll go to the second part of the competition -- the scientific experiment. At this stage, the players need to test scientific principles through experiments, demonstrate their experimental operational abilities and scientific thinking. For example, athletes can show how to prove the existence of atmospheric pressure through simple experiments or how to use chemical reactions to create a new substance. These experiments are not only interesting, they also deepen the athletes' understanding of the scientific principles. Finally, we have entered the third part of the competition — the scientific solution. In this chain, the athletes will face complex scientific questions that may not have a single answer and will require their creativity and their own solutions. For example, how can solar power be used more effectively? How can ecological concepts be integrated into urban planning? These issues require a combination of multidisciplinary knowledge and innovative solutions. In short, today's competition is more than a journey of scientific exploration. It is hoped that every player will enjoy the process and enjoy it while learning more scientific knowledge. I wish you all the best in the game and your scientific talent! Now, please prepare the players for the upcoming competition. Let's all look forward to a wonderful scientific feast! Dear contestants of the junior science competition ii: welcome to this junior science competition! The objective of this competition is to stimulate interest in science and to test the scientific knowledge that you have accumulated. The competition will cover a wide range of disciplines, such as astronomy, geography, physics, chemistry and biology. Prepare your knowledge reserves, so let's start this scientific journey together! There are about 200 to 400 billion stars in the galaxy. 2. Which is the largest planet in the solar system? The largest planet in the solar system is jupiter. What's a black hole? The black hole is an extreme object, and its gravity field is so powerful that even light cannot escape. Geographical knowledge 1. What are the highest mountain peaks in the world? The highest mountain in the world is mount everest. 2. How many continents on earth? There are seven continents on earth. What is an earthquake? Earthquakes are an expression of the energy released within the earth and are usually accompanied by the vibration of the earth's crust. Iii. Physical knowledge 1. What is light speed? The speed of light refers to the speed at which light is transmitted in a vacuum, which is approximately 300,000 km per second. 2. What is gravity? Gravity is the gravitational force imposed by the earth on objects, which puts them at the centre of the earth. What is energy? Energy is a measure of material motion, and it takes many forms, such as thermal, kinetic, power, etc. Chemical knowledge 1. What are the elements? The elements are the basic units that make up the substance and have the same chemical properties. 2. What are compounds? Compounds are pure products consisting of two or more elements. 3. What is a chemical reaction? Chemical reactions are processes where atoms or molecules are rearranged between substances. V. Bioknowledge 1. What are the earliest organisms on earth? The earliest organisms on earth may be single-cell organisms, such as bacteria. 2. What are ecosystems? Ecosystems are a coherent and interdependent whole of living and non-living components that interact through material cycles, energy flows and information exchange within a given space. What's genetic? Genetics refer to a phenomenon in which the characteristics of organisms are transmitted from the previous generation to the next. It was to be hoped that the answers to those questions would contribute to a better understanding of scientific knowledge. I wish every contestant good results in the competition
