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Tomatoes are human-friendly fruits, so many people love tomatoes. Do you know how tomatoes are grown? Here's the way the tomato field is grown。
Tomato field cultivation methods
I. Selection of anti-disease products
The selected species are sharp 759 and red guilders 158. Ii. Cultivating seedlings
1 seed disinfection: around 50°c (a) a warm water immersion of 30 minutes, with constant mixing to constant temperatures, with a further 6-8 hours to sow; % mettobuzin is impregnated for five minutes and can sow with fresh water and then mixed with an appropriate amount of grasswood ash。
2. Seeding time: seeding is generally done in the middle of march, and the age of the seedling is around 50 days。
3. Nursery and nursery management: 70 per cent of pedestals. When the seed is ready, it is required to be ventilated, wet, cooled, and fat water is applied with a long, visual seedling, as appropriate, and every 10 to 15 days it is sprayed with bacillus or manganese zinc. It works better when you're watching the spray with beibon's liquid fertilizer!
Iii. Daejeon
1. Land selection, landscape. The selection of plots that were uncultivated with eggplant crops progressed deep-drinked, 20 cm tall, poaching at 60 x 40 cm range, and 2,800 ~ 3,000 units per acre. 500 kg of farm fat and 40 kg of compound fat for base fat in acres, with membranes leveled, covered and pressured。
2. Planting in due course. On or around 10 may, after the usual evening frost, the healthy and disease-free seedling belts were planted and the membrane lids were compacted with fine earth and the root water was poured on time。
3. Strengthening cropping governance
Fertilizer governance. When the seedlings are slow, the water is logged on time. Tomato fertilizers are dominated by organic and compound fertilizers, with acres applying about 30 kg of compound fertilizers when the first ear fruit is fully developed, followed by the application of fertilizers and water, as appropriate, depending on the condition of the nursery。
Whole fork, top. To cut nutrient consumption and improve air-to-air conditions,
It's good for flowers. In general, the whole branch of the pole is carried out, and the remainder of the branch, except for the backbone, continues to be removed. For infinity growth species, the heart tops on time. Remove the old leaves on time, so that they are well ventilated。
Potato farming techniques
Source environment
The selection of land blocks with high topography, ease of drainage, low groundwater tables and deep-dry soil is subject to the gb-2023 environmental requirements for safe quality of agricultural products and for vegetable production。
Seeds: seed quality is in line with db3703/003-2023 guidelines for the use of inputs for the production of vegetables without public hazards. Selection of disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yielding, commodity-friendly, durable, market-friendly varieties. Refusal to use genetically modified tomatoes。
Seed processing
Vegetable seed: put the seed in hot water at 55°c and mix it up to 30°c for 3-4 hours. The main causes of this disease are foetal disease, ulcer disease, early disease, and late disease。
Sodium phosphate impregnated: 3-4 hours of immersion with fresh water, 20 minutes of immersion in 10% sodium phosphate solution, cleaning up, mainly for viral diseases。
Dry thermal treatment: the treatment of dry seeds in incubators at 80°c for 48 hours is effective in combating viral diseases。
Bleeding seed
After leaching, seeds are sprung at 25-28°c, and 60-70% seed is seeded。
Cultivating disease-free seedlings
Prepare for planting
In order to effectively combat pests and diseases, nursery facilities such as greenhouses, large huts and sunshields should be equipped with anti-fouling facilities。
(b) subtidal soil: 2/3 of fully fertilized cortex, 2/3 of disease-free cormorant, sifted and 1kg calcium phosphate per m3 nutrient soil, 5kg grass-grass ash or 2kg compound fat for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium。
Sterilization of seedbeds: the first is 30-50 ml per m2 seeding bed with water, 3l sprayed bed soil, and three days of defilmation with plastic sheeting,
Progress in seeding is made after the odor has dried up; the second is 80 g of polybacterials mixed with 50% of the soil per m3。
Planting seedlings
The planting period: the suitable planting period is from early february to late april. They can be planted and broadcast live。
Seeding: per 667m2 plant area, based on seed size and planting density, 20-30g seedling, around 100g live。
Seeding methods: seeding can be done when more than 70 per cent of seed seed is white. The pre-plant seedbed is wet enough to be 10 cm deep. When the water seeps, the soil is sown with a layer of nutrients to find a bed, which is then spread evenly. For each 667 m2 bed, 50 per cent more than filamentable powder 8g or 50 per cent more than double powder 7g is mixed and the fine soil is spread thinly over the bed to prevent sudden fallout. Optimisticly, it is advocated to plant seedlings by means of nutrient stagnating, seedlings, paper bags, etc。
Shrimp management
(c) pre-sap management: during the day, the temperature of the hot weather should go up to 30°c and the rain should be covered with thin membranes. Do not keep the night warm during the nursery. After seeding, seedbeds must remain damp and cannot be dried, and the face can mask the progress of the grass。
Saplings: progress at 2-3 leafs. The seedlings are divided into nursery beds prepared in advance from 12 to 13 cm and 12 to 13 cm; they can also be divided into nutrients of 10 to 12 cm in diameter。
Post-sapling management: during the sapling period, appropriate shades should be provided during the afternoon, with bed temperature of 25-30°c during the day and 18-20°c at night; around 25°c during the day and 15-18°c at night after the sapling. A few days before planting, the temperature of the bed is reduced and the seedlings are refined。
Shrimp prevention: shrimp detection and seedlings should be uprooted on time. A two-time microbicide (200-250 times the bordeaux liquid is the appropriate protective agent, i. E. 1:200-250) can be sprayed during the seed season to prevent disease。
Sterling standard: 1 centimeter per hour, 15 cm or so. It's four
Preplant preparation: whole area fertilization: fertilization should be based on organic fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro-fertilization. 5-7m3 per 667m2 decomposed organic fertilizer, 50-60kg nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer, 100 kg per phosphate, fertilization progressing deep till, will
Flatten the floor。
Zhang
Timing: progress is generally made between early may and late june。
The method of planting is: if a person with a different nutrient is planted in the soil together, and if he does not have a different nutrient, it will be appropriate to pour water and bring more soil and cut down the roots four to five hours before planting. At the time of planting, the north-south lumbers, the characteristics of the density vision species, the manner in which the branches are formed, the climate and soil conditions, and the planters
The purpose varies, from 2,500 to 3300 plants per 667 m2. 5 field governance
Irritation and drainage: while less water is needed in the early stages of growth, it is during the hot season of the summer that more water is needed. Water is often pumped every three to five days, at a time-quantified rate, in combination with progress in the application of fertilizers ( manure), when the water is not expected to be above the surface. The high mountains summer tomatoes should be fertilized in conjunction with rainfall progress。
Fertilizers: inputs should conform to the db3703/003-2023 guidelines for the use of publicly harmful inputs for vegetable production. In addition to base fat, have enough fat to catch it. One week after planting, application of a “corrosion” diet to promote nutrient growth during the seeding period; by the time the first fruit swells, the second pursuit of fat; the first is about to mature, the second is quite large, and the leaves grow, which require a lot of fat and a third quick-impact fertilizer; by the time of harvest of the first to the second fruit, the third to the fourth fruit is growing rapidly, with the fourth and fifth application of fertilizer. It's the same as ki fat,
It is not appropriate to apply nitrogen fertilizer instead of phosphorus and potassium. When manure is used as a means of fatting, the first application is thinner, and the latter is thicker. Calcium phosphate is added 10-15 kg per 667 m2 during the first and second pursuits. Assuming a light yellow leaf before growth, ammonium sulphate can be applied once for every 667 m215-20kg, which is very effective。
Chinese tillage, weeding and ground cover are often combined with weeding and earthbreeding. The first time that progress has been made after planting the seedlings, and the second month or so after planting, it combines the fields, so that the croquettes are grown on the surface and around the plant, so that they are raised. Since then, the plant has grown so that it is no longer cultivated or cultivated. The use of plastic membrane cover on the ground can boost the growth of the roots and the leaves, lead to early flowering and increase production。
There are two main ways of adjusting the whole branch: (1) single-dry -- this method, which leaves only the backbone and removes all the branches. (2) double-dry - with the exception of the main branch, leave one branch of the armpit from the first line straight and remove all the other branches. The whole branch
The sprouts must not be taken too early or too late, as the plants are grown in a mutually reinforcing manner. The growth of the armpits stimulates the growth of the roots. Bud, which affects the growth of the root system and causes the incomplete development of the transmission system within the root group. And it's going to go on at noon in the middle of the day to heal the wound. In addition, the adjustment of the tomato plant is combined with the collection of flowers, leaves and hearts。
The reason for the fall fruit and its prevention is mainly due to the underdevelopment of the flowerer, the slow stretching of the pollen tube and the lack of moisture, caused by malnutrition. It is assumed that the origin of the flowering is due to lack of nutrients and moisture, weak sunlight or excessive rain, and that it needs to be addressed from cultivation techniques. Assumptions of falling flowers due to too low or too high temperatures can be used as growth adjusters -d10-20ppm, pcpa25-50ppm。
Pocket berries
Poultry fruit: during the season when tomato sits are not suitable, raisins are treated with plant growth adjusters such as anti-depressants and tomatoes。
(b) zorie: in order to ensure proper quality of the product, with the exception of cherry tomatoes, three to four fruit per ear for the large pore and four to six fruit per ear for the medium omelet。
Collection
The tools used for harvesting are kept clean, hygienic and clean. Timely and phased harvests are required to reduce the burden of planting, ensure the quality of commodity fruits and promote later expansion。
Pest control
Principles of prevention and treatment
In line with the “prevention, integrated management” approach to plant protection, the principle of non-hazardous prevention and treatment is upheld by the “agriculture, physical control, biological control and chemical control”。
Agriculture
Create appropriate conditions to increase resistance and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases. (b) the timely removal of leaves and fruit, the removal of strains, and the taking out of the earth for burial or destruction。
Physical control: use of cedar bait and white lice. The method is to carry yellow sticky or yellow sheets in the shed, with a layer of motor oil at a rate of between 230 and 40 pieces per 667 m。
Biological control
Natural enemy: optimistic protection against disease and pests。
Biopharmaceuticals: prevention of pests and plant-based pesticides such as thorium, thylene, and bio-source pesticides such as agro-chain carbide, thiram, comin and agro-resistant pesticides such as 120。
Major pest control
The pesticide input should conform to the db3703/003-2023 guidelines for the use of inputs for the production of vegetables without public hazards。
Paradoxosis, adhesive disease: in addition to the spraying of soil with seedbeds, it can be combated with agents such as frosting + dyson manganese zinc and frosting. The occurrence of diseases can also be mitigated by “low-temperature, high-humid” and “high-temperature, high-moisture” environments that manage seed beds。
Asymptomatic diseases: priority is given to tobacco, aerobic dust, which can also be combated by such agents as cartilage, ethylene nuclei and vulcan。
Premium disease: priority is given to bacillus dusting agents, bacillus smoke cleaners, which can also be treated with dyson manganese zinc, polycin + copper hydroxide and mercuric manganese zinc。
Night disease: priority is given to the use of abalone dust cleaner, abalone smoke cleaner, which can also be treated with abalone zinc, frosting + dyson manganese zinc, and frosting。
Leprosy: preferably ciracin + copper oxide powder, which can also be treated with vulcanin and bordeaux。
Euphoria: treatment with copper hydroxide, bordeaux, agro-chainicillin, etc。
(c) virus disease: treatment with 83-plus antigens, virus a and virulent agents。
Aphids, white lice: treated with bromocythylene, aphids, benzothrin, alkalis, etc。
Zeakt fly: controlled with a combination of dictumin, zephyr no. 4 emulsion and poison. 7 storage
Temporary storage should be placed in cold, ventilated, clean and hygienic conditions to protect against the contamination of sun, rain, freezing and toxic substances. In particular, it is necessary to prevent damage such as squeeze。
