Hello, this time you share 24 instruments in four categories, including dynamic charts of each instrument, introductions of principles and strengths and weaknesses of the instrument. These include 12 flow meters, 3 thermometers, 5 pressure tables and 4 liquid bits。
Flow count (12)
Target flow meters, porosity flow meters, vertical waist rotation meters, flow calibrations, nozzle flow meters, volume flow meters, elliptical gear rotation meters, brook flow meters, double rotor gas flow meters, vortex rotation meters, rotor flow meters, current flow meters, electromagnetic flows count
Thermometers (3 types)
Solid expansion thermometers, thermoelectric doll thermometers, pressure thermometers
Pressure table (5)
Spring tube pressure meters, electrical point pressure meters, capacitating pressure sensors, mutation pressure sensors, u-shaped tube pressure count
Lithometers (4)
Differential hydraulics, ultrasound measurement fluids, capacitating liquids, double hydraulic pressure differentials
Flow count i. Porsche flow meters
A porosic flow meter is a high range-to-pressure flow device that combines a standard porosity plate with a multi-fertilized differential transformer (or differential transporter, temperature transporter and pressure transporter) to measure the flow of gas, steam, liquid and natural gas. Process control and measurement is widely applied in such areas as oil, chemicals, metallurgy, electricity, heating and water supply. The porosic flow meters, which are widely applied to all areas of the national economy, including coal, chemical, transport, construction, light swipe, food, medicine, agriculture, environmental protection and the daily lives of people, are important tools for developing industrial and agricultural production, saving energy, improving product quality, improving economic efficiency and management. In process automation meters and devices, flow meters have two main functions: as a process automation control system (acs) instrument and as a total table of quantities of material。
Characteristics:
Advantages:
1. Standard currenters are fully used and accepted by the international organization for standardization (iso) and can be used without stream calibration and only in flow sensors
2. Structures are easy to replicate, simple, robust, reliable and affordable
3. The wide range of applications, including all monometeoroids (liquid, gas, steam) and partial mixing, where the diameter, working state (temperature, pressure) of the general production process can be measured
Tests and pressure displays can be produced separately from different plants and on a specialized scale。
Disadvantages:
Repetitiveness of measurements, accuracy in flow sensors is medium and accuracy is difficult to improve due to the complexity of the effects of numerous factors
2. The narrowness of the range, since the flow factor is related to the renault number, the general range is only 3:1-4:1
3. There is a longer direct line length requirement that is generally difficult to meet. In particular, the problem is more pronounced for larger tubes
4. High pressure loss
5. The accuracy of the perforated plate is guaranteed by a perforated sharp angle line, so the sensor is sensitive to corrosive, wear, disfigured, dirty, prolonged use of which is difficult to ensure, and is subject to annual physical examination
6 the introduction of french connectivity, which can generate problems of running, risk, drip and leakage, has significantly increased the maintenance workload。
Ii. Stand-by rotational scale
The back rotation meter, also known as the roz flow meter, is structured to have a measuring room in the shell of the flow meter, with one pair or two of waist wheels that can be rotated. A pair of moving gears has been installed outside the flow gauges with the two search vessels, which are colliding to enable the two waist wheels to move. The waist rotation meter can be used to measure the flow of various clean liquids, especially oil, and can also be used to measure the flow of gases. It has the highest accuracy and can reach levels 0. 1-0. 5。
Characteristics:
Quantum scale product design is new, look good. It has such characteristics as light weight, high accuracy and ease of use. It's one of the typical products of volume flow meters. The main disadvantages are: large size, heavy weight, heavy pressure, high vibrations in operation, two pairs of wheel structures with an interactive angle of 45 degrees, which can significantly reduce the vibration noise in operation.
Iii. Volume flow meters
The volume flow meter, also known as the defined flow meter, known as the pd flow meter, is the most accurate category in the flow meter. It uses mechanical measurement elements to divide the fluid into a single known volume part on a continuous basis, measuring the volume of the fluid according to the number of times that the measurement room replete and emits that volume. The volume flow meter, which is classified according to its measurement elements, can be divided into elliptical gear rotation, scrapboard flow, double rotor flow, rotary piston flow, recovery plug, disk flow, liquid rotor flow, wet gas count and membrane gas count。
Characteristics:
Advantages:
(1) high measurement accuracy
(2) the installation of plumbing conditions has no impact on the measurement accuracy
(3) measurements of high viscosity liquids
(4) scope
(5) direct reading instruments can be accumulated, aggregate, clear and simple without external energy。
Disadvantages:
(1) complex structure and size
(2) the type, calibre and working state of the medium being tested is more limited
(3) not applicable to high and low temperatures
(4) most instrumentation only applies to clean single phase
(5) generate noise and vibration。
Iv. Ellipse rotation measures
Elliptical gear rotation (also known as charge flow, gear rotation) is one of the volume flow meters, which is the higher-precision category in the flow meter. It uses mechanical measurement elements to divide the fluid into a single known volume segment on a continuous basis, measuring the volume of flow according to the number of times in which the volume part of the fluid is replete and emitted in the measuring room. Ellipse rotational weights may be made of different materials (cast iron, cast steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel) and are particularly suitable for flow measurements of more viscous media such as heavy oil, polyethylene alcohol, resin, etc。
Characteristics:
In accordance with the required correct installation of elliptical gear rotation, sufficient precision is ensured when used, and the normal cumulative value can be up to a level of 0. 5, a more accurate flow meter. However, if the flow of measured media at the time of use is too small, the impact of leakage errors on instrumentation is highlighted and sufficient precision in measurement can no longer be guaranteed. Therefore, the elliptical rotations of the different model specifications have an allowance for the minimum usage flow and the accuracy of the measurement can only be guaranteed if the actual measured flow is greater than that lower limit traffic allowance。
Second, the use of elliptical gear rotations should be careful that the temperature of the detected medium cannot be too high, otherwise it would not only increase measurement errors, but could also cause carving to die. For this purpose, the elliptical rotation rate is used within the temperature range specified in the instrument。
The long-term use of the elliptical gear rotation meter, where the internal gear is corroded and worn, affects measurement accuracy. As a result, constant attention is paid to observations and periodic decomposition of inspections, preferably at regular intervals, if conditions permit。
V. Transport corrections
The basic method of measurement of the new generation of differential flow meters is the flow measurement method based on the constant law of energy maintenance - the borg equation of strength and the flow continuity equation. The inner cortex consists of a circular measuring tube and a specific core placed within the measuring tube and on the same axis as the measuring tube. The radial surface of the special core has a geometric profile similar to that of the inner tube of the classic manchow and forms an alien loop gap between the inner surface of the measuring tube. Fluid flow is more or less similar to the flow of flow through the inner metropolis through the classic metropolis, the circumference plate. This structural characteristic of the inner cavity allows for the absence of sharp corrosive and smouldering problems similar to the perforated piping in the course of its use, as well as effective mobility adjustments (whole) to the pre-student internal fluid velocity distribution gradients and to the various axial symmetric velocity distributions that may exist, thus achieving high accuracy and stability of flow measurements。
Characteristics:
Advantages: if made precisely in accordance with the asme standard, measurements can reach 0. 5% accuracy, but precision is difficult to guarantee in the country's official paperback because of its manufacturing technology, and only 4% is guaranteed in the country's well-qualified, technically-enclosed instrumenting plant. For supercritical power generation work, the average larynx ring is a dangerous link for use at high temperature and high pressure, and does not meet the asne iso 5167 standard, which cannot be guaranteed. This is a contradiction created in the high-pressure classics。
Shortcomings: throats are the same as imports/exports, fluids have severe brushes and wears on the throats and do not guarantee long-term measurements of accuracy. The length of the structure has to be made according to iso-5167, otherwise the required precision will not be achieved, because the strict structure of iso-5167 in the classical brook makes its flow-measured range of maximum/minimum flow ratio very small, usually between 3-5. It is difficult to satisfy a large volume-change measurement.
Vi. Double rotor gas flow meters
The two-rotor flow meters are currently the most recent generation of international volume flow meters, also known as uf — or screw flow meters. It is a precision instrument for measuring and controlling the flow of liquids in pipes. The measurement flow meter, which is widely used in sectors such as oil, chemical, metallurgical, electrical, transport, ships, oil depots, docks, tanks, etc., can be used, inter alia, for industrial liquids such as crude oil, refined oil and light hydrocarbons, can be directed in situ, read directly by the word code and can be distributed to transmitters, output pulse signals, extended to secondary meters or computers, and form systems such as automatic control, automatic detection and data processing。
Characteristics:
For rare oils, light oils, dense oils, oils with large sands and crude oils with large water content, the viscosity of the measured liquid is large。
The flow meter passes through a large flow of liquid, with the largest flow being approximately twice the normal volume of the flux。
Long useful life, high accuracy and high reliability。
The pressure loss is minimal。
The longest distance is 1,000 m long and the pulse signal output n=0. 1l (one pulse is 1n) is directly connected to the computer。
Vii. Turbo rotation measures
Smart liquid vortex rotation is the main type of vortex rotation sensor developed with advanced ultra-low power monolithic micromechanical technology and a new type of intelligence instrument showing the integration of accumulation, the main type of velocity flowometer, which, when measured by the hydromechanical vortex rotation sensor, rotates the vortex at a rate proportional to the average flow speed of the pipe, while, at the same time, cyclically cutting the magnetic line from the electromagnet, altering the magnetic flux of the coil, in line with the electromagnetic induction principle, in the online circle the induction signal of the pulse, the pulse signal, the frequency of the electrical signal is proportional to the flow of the detector。
Characteristics:
There are obvious advantages such as institutional compactness, intuitive clarity of reading, high reliability, protection from external power sources, mine resistance and low cost。
Viii. Translator flow count
The float flow meter, also known as the rotor flow meter, calculates the flow device by measuring the (location) of the moving parts located in the direct flow conduit. Is one of the variable area flow meters. In a vertical cone that expands from the bottom up, the gravity of the float across the circle is borne by liquid power, which rises and drops freely within the cone. Move up and down at current speed and buoyancy, balanced with the float weight, and transmitted by magnetic coupling to indicate traffic with the dial. It is typically broken down into glass and metal rotor flow meters. The metallic rotor flow meter is the most commonly used in industry and, for small pipe routing corrosive media, glass materials are commonly used, and because of the peri-falvability of the glass material, the key control points are also used for the flow meters of precious metals, such as whole titanium。
Characteristics:
Rotometers are the most commonly used flow meters in industry and laboratories. It has characteristics such as simplicity of structure, intuitiveness, small stress loss and ease of repair. The rotor flow meter is used to measure the dε2 diameter through the pipeline, and when the liquid level rises, the total inter-medial constant of the capacitor-level liquid gauge increases the electrical capacity. In turn, when the liquid level is down, the platinum values are reduced and the electricity capacity is reduced. Therefore, the capacitating liquid bitometer can measure the height of the fluid by changes in the electricity capacity between two electrodes. The sensitivity of the capacitating fluid meter depends mainly on the difference between the two media constants, and only the constant levels of thorium 1 and thorium 2 can guarantee the accuracy of the liquid level measurements, and the metal rod electrodes are covered by insulation because of their conductivity. Capable fluid gauges are small and can easily be transported and regulated, and apply to measurements of fluids in corrosive and high pressure media。
Characteristics:
It is well structured and installed to apply to high temperature, high pressure, strong corrosive, crystallized, blockproof, refrigerated and solid powder, particulate matter. It measures the liquid level of the strong corrosive medium, the fluid level of the high temperature medium, and the liquid level of the sealed container, independently of the viscosity, density and working pressure of the medium。
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