Before 2000, spinach had been planted in ancient persia (now iran), and therefore spinach was also known as persian grass. In the 11th century, it entered spain. Cultivation was widespread in germany in the 13th century and has since spread throughout european countries. When the early colonies were born, they were brought into the united states. In 1806, spinach was widely grown in the united states and placed in the united states seed catalogue. The spinach is found in arab countries and in europe, africa and india, nepal and china。
It is documented that, for two years, spinach seeds have been brought into china as a tribute from nepal. The old tong book and the tang convention book both state: “in times of greatness, nibarro offers berylles, leaves and blues, which are as plentiful and well-coated as the taste of fire.” in tang dynasty's west territories telegraph, it is also written that: “since the 11th (637) nibarro sent in the beetle.” spinach has a long history of planting in china。
Form characteristic reporting
Root cone, red, less white。
Straight, mid-empty, fragile juicy, with no branch or few branches。
Spinach's penis
Leased to eggs, fresh green, juicy, slightly glitter, full edge or a few dentures。
Spinach leaves
The male integrated ball umbrellas are sequenced in the upper part of the branch and the truncheon into a staggered chore; the flowers are usually sliced up by 4, silk, flat and non-subsidiary; the females are clustered in herbs; the small acupunctures are flat on both sides, with two small teeth left on the top, usually with one thorny subsidiary on the back; the sub-room ball, with four or five columns, stretching out。
Spinach flowers
The fruit of the spinach is berries, egg shape or near circle, approximately 2. 5 mm in diameter, flat on both sides; and brown fruit skin。
Gender-disaggregated coverage
On the basis of the sexual expression of spinach, it can be divided into absolute male, nutritious male, female and male, female and female, as listed below。
Absolutely male
Weakly planted, small-leaved, smaller or degraded. Only male and female, in rejoicing order. Short term, first graze。
Nutritional male
High-yielding, high-planted and fatter. They are male and female only, and they are found at the top of their leaves and leaves; they are similar to the female, have longer bouquets and are later in their gravitation, and they are ideal for powdered strains。
She's the same
High-yielding and high-planted plants, with both female and male growth on the same plant, seedable seeds, well-developed base and tuber leaves and close to female graze periods。
The female and the female are the same
The same flower grows both female and male. Most of these plants have single female and male species and are seed-bearing, with strains and graze periods similar to female species。
Female
It's a high-yield farm. It's big and growing. Only a female is born of a leaf of leaves and tops. Leafs and leaf leaves are well developed, and grazes are 7-14d later than absolute males. An ideal strain to produce seeds。
Distribution report
Spinach is widely grown around the world, and one of the most widely grown and eaten vegetables in china。
Growing environment news
Spinach grows under cold, wet environmental conditions, with a relative humidity of 80 to 90 per cent of the air and a soil moisture of 70 to 80 per cent. Cultivation is possible on fertile, well-watered sandy and clayy soil, with soil ph of 7. 3~8. 2。
Developmental reports
The life of spinach is long-term 30-50d, typical of long-day-photo plants, which are cold-resistant, accept low temperatures of under 10°c, have the highest growth temperature of 15~25°c, are intolerant and over 35°c causes low yields and poor quality. Seeds are seeded at 4°c with the highest temperature of 15-20°c, and can only draw flowers at high temperatures。
Reproduction mode reports
Spinach is a pollinator whose flowers are mostly single flowers, with a small number of female and male flowers, and a small number identical. The spinach pollen is abundant, light and easy to disperse, and it is a fragrance. Both sexes have females and males who can pollute themselves。
Artificial breeding techniques
Multiplier sports are the selection of good varieties of people's needs, using, for example, artificial mutagenic or natural mutations, by doubling the chromosomal group and acquiring materials of multiplier sports。
Lee xiao li and others have managed to obtain four times more spinach seeds using aqueous cactus。
Mixed breeding is a conventional vegetable breeding technique that combines probative probity with probative probity among the offspring of the bastard and then conducts multi-generational artificially directed selections of the offspring to obtain new, stable varieties of genetic value for planting applications, but which are time-consuming and labour-intensive。
The vegetable fruit tree institute of wen shui county, shanxi province, has systematically selected spinach varieties of 79-2317 and 79-3329, using natural hybrid offspring of spinach. The variety 79-2317 is robust, heat-resistant, suction-resistant, pest-resistant and yield-enhancing; the variety 79-3329 is thick, with small fibres but of good quality, cold-resistant, heat-resistant, smoke-resistant and high yield。
Plantation technology broadcast
The spinach is extremely sensitive to the alkaline acidity of the soil, with roots extremely resistant to acidity, additional application of organic and phosphorus fertilizers, combined soil tillage, shredding, and so forth, fully mixing organic fertilizers with soil, improving soil performance and preparing for planting and winterization。
Vegetables are seeded using fruit as a seeding material, and the skin is hard enough to impregnate the seeds and increase the gestation rate。
Spread more in the spring or in the autumn, so that the seeds are even with the topsoil so that they can be planted. Choose excellent varieties such as black horses, sun god, etc。
After seeding, 7-10 days of seedling, weeding in time, proper seedling. Spinachs are short-lived, demand for water fertilizers is intense, water is fertilized in due course, and the first time after the two leaf seedlings are followed by fattening; one more time during the booming season; and after the winter season, spinachs need to be wet enough to be used in combination with water for fattening, which can be followed up 15 days before harvest and one more time after harvesting. During its growth, leaves are applied one to two times。
Vegetable seedlings and strains are available for consumption and can be collected in stages or in full at once. Following a phased harvest, care is taken to follow up on the fat so as to promote the growth of unharvested spinach and improve economic efficiency。
In the long-term life of spinach, the most harmful are frosts, common pests such as larvae, leaf flies, etc., which can spray a certain concentration of bordeaux, 666 powders, or 223 emulsifiers, trichlorfon, etc., for early treatment。
Varieties and variants broadcast
Since the 1950s, chinese vegetable research units have been collecting seed resources for the identification of spinach, the types of which are as follows, depending on the foliage type and the type of round leaf, the types of thorny and impervious in the seed form, and spring and summer spinach, fall and winter spinach in the planting season。
During the transmission of spinach from origin to east and west, two different species were formed as a result of differences in cultivation patterns, ecological environments and orientation: seeds with stabbing and seed-free varieties, as follows。
The fruit is flat, with a mask of 2-3 stubbles; the leaves are soft, thin and narrow, their surfaces smooth, the leaves are sharp or blunt, the leaves are long and are grown to be called “twilight spinach”. Faster growth but lower production, cold intolerant, fall or fall-spreading winter cultivation, representing a variety of stubble leaves, heights and equality of arms。
The fruit is wide-spreaded, with no thorns on the surface; the leaves are fat, wrinkled, elliptical or egg rounded, the front of the leaves is blunt, the base beads are short, the leaves are short and referred to as “round spinach” on planting. It is less resistant to cold, more resistant to heat, growing in spring and summer or early autumn, and represents a variety of shiaan leaves, japanese leaves, etc。
Main value reports
Spinach is one of the world's major economic vegetable crops, with leaves and tubers as the main food component. The short cycle of spinach growth, the high index of replanting, the low level of investment, the high productivity, the simpler management techniques, the availability of services for the anniversary, and the benefits enjoyed by a wide range of producers and consumers。
Spinach glycerine, flat, dethermal, bloodline, gastrointestinal, major headaches, dizziness, blindness, night blindness, thirst and drink, constipation, hemorrhoids. The root contains spinach soap a, b, which has anti-bacterial effects; the “spinner” is a seed of spinach, which can also be drugged, softening smooth muscles, clear eyes to the liver and stop coughing。
