01 summary of broccoli cultivation
Orchids, dubbed cabbage or green cabbage, are a mutation of kale from the crucifixion, and become frequent guests of people's tables with their tender buds. Not only is it rich in protein, but it is more vitamin a, vitamin c and calcium and its nutritional value cannot be underestimated. As china's economy flourishes and the people's standard of living grows, the orchids have been transformed from rare objects into daily food for ordinary people. At the same time, structural reforms on the agricultural supply side, the rise of functional agriculture and the pursuit of healthy and functional vegetables have created unprecedented opportunities for the development of orchid cultivation in shipping areas. In vegetable-producing areas such as the shipping city of rey town, yunji city, summer county and xinxi county, facilities for the west orchids are flourishing on a large scale, with huge market potential and rising economic values over the years. However, vegetable farmers still face the challenges of inadequate planting experience and poor management skills. With a view to helping to create a high-quality, distinctive and eco-friendly brand of broccoli in rey county, and taking into account practical experience, we have drawn up a series of technical points for planting, which are intended to provide practical reference for a large number of vegetable farmers and to promote the upgrading of the technology for the cultivation of broccoli。
02 varieties and nursery
> varieties selection
The selection of suitable species of broccoli is key to increasing the efficiency of cultivation. Priority should be given to the selection of successful, high-yielding and high-quality varieties in the region, with a better understanding of their adaptability, resilience and timing. On the basis of the planned listing time, and taking into account natural conditions such as climate, soil and water resources in rey county, the choice of early, medium or late broccoli species is reasonable. For example, medium- and early-literate varieties may include `good, ' mountain water, ' green and ' goddesses ' , while medium- and late-literate varieties may have options such as `santa green, green and' february days。
> caucasian nursery techniques
Cascade breeding techniques have been widely applied in the west orchid sheds and greenhouse protected areas in the transport area. This technology not only saves seeds, but also breeds strong seedlings, which are not easy to plant, have high rates of survival and reduce pesticide use, with significant productivity gains. The following points need to be noted in the implementation of cave-breeding: first, the selection of suitable specifications, such as 72 holes or 105 holes; second, the use of light-base (peat, pearl rock and neptunite mixed at a ratio of 2:1 to 10 kg/m3 apple slag) and ensuring that the matrix is disinfected, together with 2. 5 kg/m3 relaxing fertilizer; and, in addition, seeds need to be treated through 50 to 60°c hot water insulated and pharmaceutical agents; during the management of the seeding period, the conditions of water separation, ventilation, temperature and light are strictly controlled, and seedlings and seeding periods are managed; and lastly, the application of anti-septic control techniques to remove seedlings is used to spray 1,000 times more into seed beds to prevent the occurrence of seeding and grounding diseases。
Zero-three and plant
In the process, soil disinfection is carried out using a variety of methods, including biofouling and physical control techniques, to ensure the soundness of the soil. Then, for every 667 square metres of soil, we apply 4 tons of decomposition farm fat, 50 kg of slow decomposition compound fat and 4 kg of boron fat. Deep tillage of the soil using microcroppers, maintaining the softness of the soil in the shed and creating good conditions for the growth of the broccoli。
Twenty days before the plant was scheduled, we began to apply straw biological reactor technology. First, in the sheds, ditches are opened at a long position, such as planting, 45 centimetres wide and 30 centimetres deep, and the centre distance of the ditch is between 130 and 150 centimetres. Three to five tons of dry straw will then be covered in a ditch of approximately 30 centimetres thick and 10 to 15 centimetres at each end of the ditch to facilitate water and fermentation. Next, approximately 10 kg of dedicated micro-organisms are used per 667 square metres, which are fully mixed with the straw and 5 to 10 kg of urea, and then spilled into the ditch. Then the soil on both sides of the ditch is refilled on the straw, with a thickness of not less than 30 cm and flattening. Water is finally poured to ensure that the soil is humid。
In the form of flat-tip cultivation, we have scientifically deployed the range. The width is 1. 5 to 1. 7 metres and the distance is 55 to 65 centimetres and the range is 35 to 40 centimetres, depending on the size of the shed. In the morning of the sun, we have chosen a seedling of five leaves and one centimeter for planting, with 2400 to 2,700 plants per 667 square metres. When we plant it, we plant it shallowly, 12 to 18 centimetres deep, to reduce the incidence of tubular decomposition. Upon completion of planting, ensure that water is poured out to provide sufficient moisture for the growth of the broccoli。
04 plantation management
> temperature management
Temperature management is essential during the planting of the broccoli. Once the planting has been completed, reasonable ventilation and venting is required to ensure that the temperature in the greenhouse or the shed is kept within the appropriate range, depending on weather conditions and the growth phase of the broccoli. In this way, the orchid plant will grow healthy and its flower balls will remain tight and colourful. In addition, the table provides detailed references to temperature management during the growth of broccoli。
> light and water management
The orchid, as a low-temperature, long-day-light plant, has a high demand for light. While it is not sensitive to light cycle reactions, it is essential to ensure adequate light during the formation phase of the florist, as this directly affects its tightness and colour. To this end, it is proposed to select po films with high photometric, dispersive, well-leaked and resilient properties as covering materials for the facility greenhouses or sheds. There is also a need for regular removal of miscellaneous items such as water drops and dust from the tectonic membranes in order to ensure smooth passage of light and thus address the lack of light in the facilities ' vegetable production in recent years as a result of haze weather。
> nutrient and grass management
Nutrient management is essential in the cultivation of broccoli. In order to ensure the integration of water fertilizers, it is recommended to be applied in conjunction with drip irrigation and to follow the scientific formula ratio. The demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium varies, with the greatest demand for nitrogen, followed by potassium, and the least demand for phosphorus. Thus, within 20 days of planting, 667 square metres per square metre should be applied to 6 kg of urea, 9 kg of phosphoric dihydrazine and 50 kg of high-quality biobacterium fertilizer. During fertilisation and hyena, the use of high-quality biological organic fertilizers or 30 per cent of marshes is recommended, while amino acid folate is applied three to five times, and 0. 1 per cent of boron acid and ammonium molyte solution is applied one to two times to prevent hollowing or decay in flower balls and tubs. By the time the flower ball is formed, 25 kg of potassium-based compound fertilizer and 10 kg of urea per 667 m2 will be applied, and 50% of the marshes will be applied through the leaves in order to boost the growth and productivity of the tubers。
Prevention of 05 worm diseases
Pest control
In the jinnan region, the orchids may be threatened by a variety of pests, including larvae, moths, aphids, slashed night moths, smoke ticks and beet moths. In order to effectively control these pests, we should take a range of measures. First, field monitoring should be strengthened to keep abreast of the dynamics of the worm in time for early preventive and control measures. Second, clean up the environment in and around the sheds and regularly clear the leaves, strains, leaves and weeds in order to eliminate the environmental factors that induce pests. In addition, cedars and blueboards can be used as bait to kill insects, or as bait to kill insects using solar high-fibration lamps。
Disease prevention and treatment
In the jinnan region, the orchids may be affected by a variety of diseases, such as black spots, frost and serene diseases. To prevent and control these diseases effectively, we need to take a series of measures. First, better field management, good ventilation and reduced humidity to reduce the incidence of disease. Second, there is regular removal of leaves, strains and weeds in order to eliminate transmission routes. In addition, microbicides such as bordeaux and dyson manganese zinc can be used to combat them, and the use of bioleaf fertilizers can be promoted to increase resistance to strains。
06 harvest technology
Strict harvest standards ensure the quality of broccoli, and temperature and handling are essential. The application of pesticides should be avoided 20 days before the harvest to ensure maximum value of the commodity. When harvesting, we need to focus on several key indicators: the diameter of the flower ball should be between 13 and 17 centimetres, the length of the chain should not be less than 14 centimetres and the weight of the ball should be approximately 400 to 500 grams. At the same time, the plume should be tight and round, small and blue and green, free of yellow hair, cabbage, insects or severe damage。
Establishment of production files for 07
In order to ensure the ecological, safe and high-quality production of broccoli, detailed records of production must be established. This file should cover the entire process from the selection of varieties, the breeding of seedlings, to planting, day-to-day management, watering, fertilization, harvesting and even marketing. When using agricultural inputs, the name, source, method of use, quantity, date of use and date of decommissioning are to be recorded in detail. Through this information, the whole picture of vegetable growth can be traced back, thus allowing for the effective traceability of quality safety and rapid identification of production processes。
