Tess of the deer house is a long novel by the british writer hardy, one of the "wessex series". The novel describes the tragic life of the master tess: born in a poor family, painful marriage and hanging. With this novel, hades exposed the hypocritical morality that had inhibited public thought, emphasized chastity and suppressed the social status of women, and the tragic fate of tess reflected the contemporary context. Why does tess have such a tragic ending in the novel? Is this a coincidence or is it inevitable? The reasons for this are, in the view of the author, many, and will be analysed in the light of the tragic outcome of tess's encounter with society, character and destiny。
Social factors
Social and environmental factors
Tess's tragedy took place in britain in the nineteenth century, when society itself was a tragedy for britain. After the rise of capitalism in the european world, industrial civilization has also begun to enter the countryside of the united kingdom, which is a shock for traditional farmers who make a living. As a result, a large number of farmers are unemployed and economically impoverished. At that time, the british countryside had been occupied by capitalist methods of production, and the traditional small-scale agricultural economy had virtually ceased to exist, a tragedy for those who depended on agricultural production for their livelihoods. Combined with the economic crisis that erupted in the capitalist world in the nineteenth century, the lives of british farmers were made even more difficult。
Tess's family happens to be one of these rural families. Not only that, but also the least popular of the rural poor. Tess's father was greedy and hobbies; her mother was so vulgar that she took on a heavy burden from birth. After that, tess accidentally killed the only horse in the family while helping his father with the carriage. The fact that tess was forced by his father to recognize her “home” and was pressured to make amends for her dead horse, as well as her self-esteem, led directly to her being sexually assaulted by arrey。
After his father's death, tess's house and land lease expired, and tess had to become arre's mistress and sacrifice her personality to settle her family. And that is why she and claire are less likely to be reunited, leading to tess's tragic fate。
Social and ethical factors
Society's ethics are the second mountain that tess faces in addition to its difficult social situation, and the law of secular morality is overwhelming. After tess lost her life in arrey, claire and others inflicted verbal harm on tess as a spiritual village meal. Claire is extremely possessive, and in his heart tess can only be his personal effects. When she married tess, claire thought tess was so white and sweet. However, the more he likes tess, the more he contrasts his feelings of error after tess confessed to him. To learn that tess had lost herself to someone else, claire's feelings about tess had collapsed, injuring tess。
It is therefore a feudal tradition deeply rooted in claire's heart, which has led to the tragedy of his love with tess. He contrasted strongly with tess, who also forgave all the past events, but did not forgive one of the persecutions to which tess had been subjected and left her in cold blood。
In the nineteenth century, the united kingdom was still a patriarchal society, and in the eyes of men, women were only objects of their own, virginity was the most important thing for women, and a woman who had lost her virginity was not worthy of love. Such traditional ethical and moral law inhibits the idea of society as a whole, to which tess is a victim。
Ii. Characteristic factors
In addition to the external social causes, tess's nature and character are a major source of inspiration for her tragic destiny。
1. Good purity
As can be seen from the whole novel, tess's most obvious character is her goodness and purity, but it is this kind purity that gives her in that cruel society, like a lamb to be slaughtered, an opportunity for the forces of evil to destroy her and make herself more vulnerable to harm from society. After her father forced her to pay for the horse she had died in her hands, the kind one came to the chicken farm and gave arrey the opportunity to invade her。
Then, in the face of the gossip of the outside world, tess left with arrey, and in the dark of the woods, her purity led him to a greater trap in arrey's hand. On the night of marriage to claire, the good tess went so far as to deceive her husband and told claire what happened to her, which led to her harm and abandonment. Tess's heart is therefore still too soft and unprepared. Such personalities can live happily in a peaceful society, but in times of darkness and trapping, they also scar her。
Weakness
According to shubbonhua, personality is one of the driving forces behind our choices in life, and to a large extent it determines our destiny. Among the underlying causes of the tess tragedy, its underlying weakness is indeed a decisive factor. This weakness also has its origins, as tess was born in an environment where the spirit of resistance that appeared before her was scarce. Tess therefore still lacks the courage to resist in the face of traditional morality. This weakness, after her being sexually assaulted by arrey, was filled with the whole heart of tess, and her guilt, her low self-esteem, added more impetus to her weakness and made tess more vulnerable to external harm。
This is reflected in the contradiction within tess of klein's proposal to tess, and in claire's cynicism towards her, in her humble begging for forgiveness and even in her willingness to be his slave. Because of the fact that she had been defiled, tess believed in herself as a sinner from the bottom of her heart, which doubled her pain. Tess has endured all kinds of harm in silence, but has also silently attributed all the harm to herself, and in the face of fate, tess can no longer rise up the courage。
Iii. Fate factor
1. Hades’ pessimism
Hades is a critical realist master and a pessimist. In his view, the fate of every human being was woven by a variety of coincidences, as well as tragic situations. This perception has led to the misfortune of the figures in hades' novels always at the threshold of their coming to a happy life. As you can imagine, the tragic development of tess is driven by all sorts of coincidences and coincidences in tess's fate, which are also derived from hades ' pessimism。
2. Tess's fatalist tendencies
Tess herself was also a fatalist, which was also a factor in her tragic fate. When she was stabbed in the chest by roses, she considered it to be a sign of bad luck, and the rumours in her head when she was wearing a new wedding dress also made her very upset, even by the images of her ancestors on the walls. These fatalist thoughts are also stealing tess's courage and struggle, and making tess drown in her lamentation。
