The years of ming yong lok and xendei were a period of recovery and development for the ming dynasty. With the flourishing and technological advancement of the cinderian ceramics industry, over the past 30 years, the burning of the bouquets has become one of the country's famous ceramics, with its fine, colourful, diverse shapes and fine tattoos. Its foreign style, its colourful, elegant and elegant tattoos, has been hailed by the laterers as “unprecedented, extraordinary generation”. In particular, zheng and zheng xiang's feats during young-sung's new year brought the first climax to the sale of ying hua and have a profound impact on the sale of yinghua。
Ever since july 2005, at the gaceta auction in london, the chinese yen yinghua “ghost valley down” canister (figure 1) was made in rmb 230 million, and after the highest number of asian art auctions, the visibility of yen dynasty has soared, with reference to porcelain, that it is easy to think about yen dynasty. But if it goes back to the two generations, and when it comes to the most famous flower china, it is not yuen yinghua who was the first to think about it, but rather the varnish from the age of ming dynasty and seon dynasty. Both male and female, and ordinary people, regard the euphoria as a treasure in history. From the era of qing dynasty and dry dragons, the officials have been able to follow the long-term dynasty style。
(figure 1) downstairs canister
Young ying ying is not a species of flower, but rather an indication of the flower china produced during the period of day ying lok and seong yu. Since the two times are very close in time, the artistic styles and creative techniques of the varnish are very similar, and most of the varnishes of the varnishes of the episodes of episodes are not chronology (figure 2), it is difficult to draw a precise division between the two generations of valor and seon-de. In the ancient game industry, there is a saying: "never know family." that's what it means. As a result, the two eras are often compared and collectively referred to as `face for all'。
(figure 2) the tianjin museum is hiding
The porcelain during the period of dynasty is neither as thick as the plume, nor as heavy as the porcelain porridge of the late qing dynasty, but rather seeks a balanced balance of weight and tenderness. From the point of view of the painting, the porcelain porcelain made during the ceremonial period is so elegant and so beautiful, and from the point of view of the painting, the pen is more subtle than the bouquet, but the pen is still strong and does not seek to describe the details, and it is very natural. It's like this scene's lot 639 and a pair of bouquets. It's typical of this period that the whole person with a few strokes and a lot of rhymes and a lot of hair and a lot of dizziness。
(figure 3) lot639 is a pair of bouquets
Emperor zhu yan, the fourth son of emperor zhu yuan zhu of the ming dynasty, is a king who is both courageous and violent. After the death of zhu yuanxiang, he was passed over to his great-grandson, zhu yunyi, the historic emperor of his majesty. From time to time, the founding emperor zhu yunli is the nephew of ming sung zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu z at the time, king zhu zhu zhou succeeded in seizing power by becoming the third emperor of the ming dynasty, no。
Despite the usurpation of the throne through a coup d ' état, zhu zhu has done many good things for the country's development since he took office. He fought five times in mongolia to eliminate the remnants of the regime; he presided over the construction of the forbidden city and its relocation to beijing; and he organized as a scribe of the people's republic of korea to prepare the great order of young lok, which has far-reaching implications for future generations. The most famous events, however, began three years ago (1405), when zheng and zheng led more than 240 sea ships, passing westward through south-east asia, visited more than 30 countries in the western pacific and indian ocean and exchanged their home-grown specialty with each other (figure 4). Zheng and the gifts brought at the time included silk, tea, metal money, iron, etc., and also included a large number of varnish. This unprecedented external exchange has had a profound impact on the development and formation of ying dynasty。
(figure 4) zheng and uchiyang
The main chemical component of the flower is cobalt. In ancient times, however, the lumbers tend to be infertile, and at times some impurities of other metal elements, such as iron, remain. When the weight of iron in cobalt is excessive, when the surface of the flower is burned at high temperatures, the blue, black, metallic, luminous “iron stains” are “spreaded” like small flowers from the china, and have a slight dissipation effect that makes the blue flower look bright and deep. This feature is common to ying dynasty. This high iron cobalt, which would have produced rusty, was then documented as “suma-blown” or “silt-blown” and was the sound translation of this imported flower. It has been said that this flower is a specialty brought back from the middle east by jung and the lower ocean. Since most of the middle east region is a muslim country, there is also the term “back to back”. The ming dynasty has documented, from volume ix of his book, “the special report of the special rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the democratic people's republic of korea”, the history of the zhiqing and the return to qingqing of the country's contributions to ming dynasty。
(figure 5) ming yong lok. Hide
In addition to being used by the emperor, the young-goon flower is used primarily as a gift for diplomatic activities and for foreign trade. As a result, a large proportion of the users of varnish during this period were foreigners, especially people from the islamic region of western asia. So, at the time of production, for reasons of increased sales, the aesthetics of users, usage habits, etc., both the shapes and the tattoos have drawn heavily on the styles of the islamic vessels, and many of the traditional chinese vessels have emerged. Some styles that have never been used, such as no-eye, an eight-angle candlestick, military, abdominal bottles, cribs, etc. (figure 5. 6)。
(figure 6) ming yong lok, a bouquet of unicorns, a bottle of water from the palace
The islamic style of ying ying ying ying hua has also included emulation of decorations. Many parts of western asia are found in buildings, objects, and curving vines. A leaf that connects flowers, guacamole, symbolizes the strength of life, a continuous entanglement of flowers, also known as arab flowers, is our common flower decoration. There are also, of course, arabic-language topics, such as the medium of the film lot 645, the sanskrit glass of green flowers (figure 7). Fine, stylish, rare. The body is decorated with green flowers, the outer wall is decorated in sanskrit for two weeks, the sanskrit is written, the bouquet is purified, and the bottom book is a "da ming-dynasty". Much of this can be found in the original dynasty, but also in the sanskrit bowl of the magnificent palace in taipei, which is similar to the original (figure 8)。
(figure 7) lot 645 mid-mint sanskrit glass of green flowers
(figure 8) " a special exhibition of chandeliers " , national palace museum, p. 96, figure 75
According to archaeological excavations, each of the countries where zheng and the florist have travelled have come out of the ground, with more complete numbers of varnish in countries in the middle east such as iran, iraq and turkey. This is because zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zhu zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zhu zheng zheng zheng zheng zhu zheng zheng zheng zheng zhu zheng zheng zheng zheng zhu zheng zheng zheng zhu zheng zheng zheng zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu in addition, trade exports are an important reason for the large presence of ying dynasty in foreign countries。
