The light, like the sun, gives us light, which is essential to our work, learning, life. But many people wonder why the lights glow. Here's how the lights, carefully recommended for you by zimnasium, glow in science。
"the scientific principles of lighting."
The light appeared after the humans learned to use the fire, and it has grown to today's incandescent and electrical lamps. Humans have a very long history of using lights, but one wonders why they glow, or almost 1,200 years ago。
Light is an electromagnetic wave. Nature has many waves. Throwing a stone over the water creates a circle of ripples, which is a wave of water that can be seen directly by the eyes; and moving a chord that produces a sound wave in the air that can be heard. There's plenty of space that we can't see or hear. Light wavelengths (7. 7 x 10-5 cm to 4 x 10-5 cm) are also among its members, except for very short wavelengths and very high fluctuations。
And how did the light waves come? The water waves are caused by the shock. Acoustic waves are generated by object vibrations. Radio waves were generated by electronic motion from antennas on top of the tower. Similarly, light waves are generated by the movement of atoms, molecules and electronics in substances. But these are the special movements of the microworld. For example, in incandescent lamps, electric tungsten wires reach temperatures as high as 2300°c. One of the atoms was moving in an intense manner, so some of the atoms were in an unstable state of high energy, like a ball on a steep roof, which could easily fall off because of its high capacity. Once these atoms fall from the high-energy state and return to the low-power state, they release an energy that comes out in light. In high-pressure mercury lamps, many free electronics are generated by discharge, and electronics accelerate with electricity much faster than bullets. When the electron and mercury atoms collide, the energy is transmitted to the mercury atoms to stimulate them to unstable high-energy states. Similarly, when spontaneous “falls” from a high-energy state and returns to a low-energy state, light comes out。
In this luminous process, atoms that fall from different high-energy states will send light of different colours. The light from different atoms is not the same, nor the same direction. If atoms, molecules and electronics of a certain amount of energy are chosen so that they are “organized” in relation to a certain degree of interrelationship, a wonderful new source of light is available. In 1960, american scientists built this twentieth-century “light”, a laser。
"the method of glowing incandescent lights."
In short, the light in the incandescent lamp is tungsten, the main component of which is tungsten. When tungsten tungsten is powered, as the electrical resistance of tungsten is converted to internal energy, heating the tungsten and increasing the temperature, normal metals glow at a certain level of heating (the iron is also thermally red is also the light), i. E. Internal transformation into light. That's the simplest way to understand incandescent lighting。
Why tungsten silk, the result of long experience. When edison invented the light, it was said that he had tested more than a thousand (also said over 2,000) materials, including plant fibres, animal hair and human hair, many of which were not suitable for light. This is mainly due to small internal resistance, low melting points or inappropriate brightness, etc. In the end, edison chose not the tungsten wire that we have today. Exactly what i forgot. Subsequently, tungsten was selected after several improvements。
Tungsten glowing has nothing to do with nuclear fission or fusion. There has been no change in this process, except for the heating of tungsten silk, which has been partially eliminated。
"the ranch lights"
Neon lamps are found in closed glass tubes filled with gases such as beryllium, helium and beryllium, with two metal electrodes at both ends of the tubes, which are typically made of copper material, electrode-guided to power circuits, equipped with a high-voltage transformer, adding 10-15 kv voltage to the electrode. Because the gas in the tube consists of numerous molecules, the molecule and atom are neutral in normal conditions. At high voltage, a small amount of free electrons move towards the anode, and the rapid drift of gas molecules stimulates the electron acceleration, causing gas conductivity within the tube to give light of colour (also known as rainbow). The light colour of neon lamps is associated with the color of the gases and tubes used in them; neon lamps give golden light if they are installed in a light yellow tube, and yellow and white if they are installed in a colourless transparent tube. In order to produce light of different colours, neon lamps require the filling of different gases in many different colours or into neon tubes。
Incandescent lamps, which convert electric energy into light to provide lighting equipment, work by generating heat through the light wire (tung wire, melting point of more than 3,000 degrees celsius), and by constantly gathering heat in the spiral, which brings the light to temperatures above 2,000 degrees centigrade and light to light when it is in a state of incandescent, like a burning iron. The higher the temperature of the light, the greater the light. So it's called incandescent lights。
"the principle of solar light."
There are many convertible hydrogen atoms within the sun, which aggregate into helium atoms, releasing much energy during fusion and volatilizing through the activities of the sun. And i've seen it because the particles in the sun are very fast inside the sun, and four hydrogen atoms have a hydrogen fusion condensed into a helium atom, releasing huge energy, which is light and heat。
The sun is glowing with fusion, and when two very light atoms meet at high temperatures (e. G. Helium and hydrogen), they synthesize new atoms while releasing huge energy. Because it is constantly undergoing nuclear fusion, which is an important issue that has been explored. However, due to the limitations of scientific and technological research tools, a wide range of speculations about solar energy are not always based on sufficient scientific evidence. About a hundred years ago, scientists in germany and the united kingdom suggested that the molecules in the sun would collapse to the centre with gravity. During the collapse, the kinetic energy of the molecule becomes thermal. So the sun keeps it at extremely high temperatures, irradiating light and heat。
Since the 1930s, as research into the atomic nuclear structure advanced, there has been a growing realization that when a very light atomic nucleus is very close at very high temperatures, fusion occurs, a new atomic nucleus is formed and huge energy is released. This provides new theories for explaining the source of the enormous energy of the sun. American physicist bate has extended the fusion theory to the sun. In his view, high-temperature sub-hydrogen atoms of up to 20 million degrees inside the sun condensed into helium atoms while releasing huge energy. The solar energy release values calculated on the basis of these fusions are quite consistent with the observations。
