In the morning of zheyang festival, the road to the career of new counselors was held at the same time. Sharon is presided over by mr. Nedan。
Mr. Sheving asked you to guess the riddle: "go to the mountain on the day of chongyang."。
Everyone's listening to curiosity。
Many people are interested in psychology, take the certificate of a psychologist, or learn the psychological content, and are less interested in the future. Mr. Sheven said, " learning is like climbing a mountain, going up from a hill, without knowing the direction, and seeing only the path before it. It's hard to find the wrong way. If you go to the top of the hill in a cable car, you look at the whole thing, you know where the path is, then you climb up from the foot of the mountain, and you're tired, but in a good direction, your efforts will not be wasted。
Today's salon is a cable car for you to look at psychology first, and then choose the path that suits you。
Now, the answer to the riddle is that the sun rises to the mountain — to the high ground。
Today is day of chongyang, and you are climbing the height of psychology. It is a grouping of people and a group of people who are welcome to enter the psychological circle, where all of you are spiritualized, are peer-to-peer in the path of psychology。
New counsellors are more interested in psychological skills and are eager to study them. Mr. Xie said that the theory of psychology was the foundation of the psychological building, the foundation of the foundation. The foundations are not solid, nor are the buildings which you have built therein. For example, you've learned the sandboard, you've mastered the course of the sandboard game, you know the symbolic meaning of the object, but visitors don't follow the teacher's approach. How would you explain that some visitors, besides being on the sand, are on the ground beneath the sand? If you have a theoretical background in deep psychology, you can discuss it, even if you don't。
You've just learned the theory of psychology, don't rush into technology, you have to choose the psychology that suits you。
Psychiatry is an integrated system with a unique vision of human psychology, a systematic interpretation and a corresponding treatment. It is now recognized that there are four major schools, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism and cognitive theory. Cognitive behaviour is also referred to as cognitive behaviour。
There are many technologies in each of these streams, and there are hundreds of psychological counselling techniques, and new technologies are constantly emerging, and it is impossible and unnecessary to exhaust them. You need to learn a genre with your limited energy. Other genres can understand it。
The first is psychoanalysis. The representative of psychoanalytical analysis is freud, a psychiatrist, who has developed psychoanalyst therapy from his own medical practice and has developed psychoanalytical doctrine。
Theoretical basis and main points of view of psychoanalytical analysis:
One of them is the subregional perspective: the psychological activities of human beings are divided into subconscious and cognitive levels. Consciousness is a psychological activity that can be detected, subconsciously involves the impulse of human instincts and suppressed desires. There is a door between consciousness and subconsciousness. It's preconscious. Pre-consciousness is the part that is not recognized at this point, but that can be awakened by searching and remembering。
The second is the structural perspective: the psychological structure is divided into three levels: me, myself and beyond. I represent the desire of biological instincts, and i follow the principle of happiness. Like a guy who's hungry to eat. And what i represent is the moral principle of the conscience or morality of a person. For example, we're hungry and can't steal from others。
What if we're hungry and we can't rob people? That's when i came out to mediate my needs and my limitations. For example, when a person starves to death, he tries to steal from others, which is what i do, and if he dies of hunger and doesn't eat from others, it's more than i do, and people who are too strong are prone to psychological problems, so one of the methods of psychological counselling is to enhance their own functioning。
Third is the idea of motivation: psychodynamics is at the heart of the freudian doctrine, the so-called sexual instinct, also known as libido. The content can be found in the three books of freud's three theory of sex。
The fourth is the development perspective: it is an extension of the dynamic approach and a dynamic description of the psychological dynamics. Freud considered the development of the personality of the sexuality to be satisfaction of instincts, showing five stages: oral, anal, genital and incipient。
The second genre is behaviorism. The representative is watson. According to watson, the task of psychological research behaviour is to identify the relationship between stimulation and reaction and to shape human psychology and behaviour by controlling the environment。
Watson, a convoluted and rich man, created a behavioural genre, was president of the american psychological association and was expelled from the society, and was later ambitious in advertising. It is recommended that you look at the writings concerning his life and have a deeper understanding of this man, the genre。
The third is humanism, represented by rogers maslow。
Humanism rejects both the attribution of human behaviour to instinct and primitive impulses (psychological analysis) and the study of the link between stimulation and reaction (activism) regardless of consciousness. Humanism sees the need for self-realization. Masro has a well-known hierarchy of needs: physical needs, security needs, the need for love and belonging, the need for respect and the need for self-realization. Five types of needs go from low to high, as is the case on the ladder, and when one level of needs is relatively met, they move to a higher level。
Psychologists with this theoretical perspective focus very much on human potential。
The fourth genre is cognitive theory。
Activism studies the relationship between stimulation and reaction。
For example, students are late in class and teachers are angry。
Cognitive theory suggests that teacher's anger is not caused by the lateness of the student, but by a false perception, and what is the wrong perception? It is the students who have to come on time, not on time, that are disrespectful and offensive to school rules, so that teachers are angry。
Would the teacher be angry if the students were on the way to rescue the children who had fallen in water? So anger is not caused by lateness, but by the interpretation of lateness. The emotions and behaviour of each individual are determined to a large extent by the ways and means of understanding the world's affairs, that is, the way in which one's mind determines his inner experience and reaction, and the way in which cognitive theory treats visitors is to change bad perceptions. Placing cognitive correction in a prominent position helps visitors to identify and remove unreasonable beliefs and change irrational ways of thinking and replace them with reasonable ones。
The four genres are briefly summarized as follows:
1. Psychoanalytical analysis: subconscious theory, theory of sexual psychological development, theory of personality structure, doctrine of psychological defence. (includes classical psychoanalysis, self-psychology, client relations, self-psychology, relationships/inter-subject psychopsychological analysis). Advisory techniques: interpretation, free association, hypnosis, dream resolution, defence analysis techniques, treatment of resistance and diversion. And then a lot of it came out to express sexual art therapy
Ii. Activism: classic retroreflection theory, operational retroreflection theory, imitation of learning theory. The idea is to shape human behaviour by controlling the environment and using reinforcement. Counselling techniques: systematic desensitization, relaxed training, token law, behavioural shaping, retrogressive therapy, aversion therapy, exposure therapy, positive reinforcement, bioresults, imitation therapy, role play。
Iii. Humanism: requires a hierarchy of theory, a theory of self-realization, a theory of people-centredness, consulting techniques: a central treatment for visitors. Listening, giving unconditional and active attention, allowing visitors to develop their potential for “self-realization”, adjusting their behaviour and moving towards “self-development”。
Cognitive theory: cognitive theory, abc theory, which advocates cognitive targeting, emphasis on rational and cognitive roles. Counselling techniques: debate with unreasonable beliefs, reasonable emotional imagination, self-direction training。
