The term “intellectual” belongs to our country and originated in russia and france in the nineteenth century. Internationally, the term “intellectual” is commonly interpreted as meaning a person with a certain scientific and cultural knowledge, mainly engaged in intellectual labour. Such people have an independent personality, are not dependent on power, are undeserving in writing, have a free mind rather than superstition of tradition and authority, have moral courage and social conscience, have a strong sense of historical responsibility towards their homeland and people, and dare to speak the truth and expose social ills。
In addition to this, there is the expression that “intellectuals” are groups with a strong sense of social responsibility who are specially trained, trained, specialized and knowledge-based as a means of earning a living, with intellectual work as a profession。
In conjunction with the international interpretation of the term “intellectual”, the term “intellectual” in our country can be defined as follows: “intellectual workers” with a high level of literacy, who are employed primarily in the creation, accumulation, dissemination, management and application of scientific and cultural knowledge. Workers with such characteristics, mainly in the fields of scientific research, education, engineering, culture and art, information and health care, are the main subjects of what our economic community calls the “middle class”。
Before the term “intellectual”, we replaced it with a “cultural person”. The term “culturalist” is popular in our country during the period of combat, and refers specifically to the intellectuals of the scribes, i. E., condensed, song qingyu, lu xian, guo moo-jo, sheik, cai yuan bei, melangfang, mao liang, natsei, yuyiko, yellow influenza, machayu, tianhan, etc. At that time, the term “cultural person” was used on the basis of the protests led by either the state or the communist party. The term “culturalist” was gradually replaced by the term “intellectualist” in general terms after 1955。
For a long time in the new china, however, as a result of the left-row movement, the vast majority of our intellectuals have actually been placed in a “other book”, known as the “steam 9” or the reactionary academic authority, and their motivation has been undermined and severely harmed。
After the 11th plenum of the chinese communist party, in 1978, deng xiaoping not only put forth slogans of respect for knowledge and talent, but also solemnly put forward the idea that “intellectuals are part of the working class”, thereby establishing the political status of our intellectuals and re-energizing their work and motivation. In particular, starting in the second year, my government established the highest national prize for science and technology, which rewards highly qualified scientists who have made major breakthroughs in the frontier of contemporary science and technology or who have made excellent achievements in the development of science and technology; and who have created great economic or social benefits in the fields of science, technology and innovation, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the industrialization of high technology. Experts predict that intellectuals, as a political concept and a relatively independent social class, will persist and will eventually disappear as the economy and productivity develop at a high level, as well as differences between workers and farmers, between rural and urban areas, between intellectual and manual labour。
