Five years of sailing and a lifetime of rewriting
Darwin is of well-known origin, and his grandfather is a well-known doctor and historian. His father inherited his ancestral profession as a doctor and his mother is a member of the scientific community. However, such a family atmosphere did not inspire darwin's interest in science, even when he was young and perceived as a man without skills. Fearing that the family's academic genetics would be interrupted in his place, the father contacted him about scientific activities and wished to raise his interest in learning。
Image by youth darwin
In 1831, 22-year-old darwin turned his life around. That year, the british government commissioned captain robert fitzroy to lead the hound for a five-year worldwide scientific expedition. Darwin was often followed by professors of botany and geology at cambridge university on field missions, including henslow. The role of an expert in the hound was originally reserved for henslow, but he declined and proposed darwin to replace himself。
So darwin embarked on a journey that changed his life. He travelled all the way to south america, australia, new zealand, cocos and so on. Every time we get there, darwin goes on land and carefully explores local flora and fauna。
Darwin discovered a large number of turtles and tits in the galapagos islands. These turtles and peacocks are more or less different from common species. To take the example of the peacocks, they differ in shape, colour, eating and beaks from their own species. This gives darwin the thought that how can god have the time to create so many like-minded yet distinct creatures
At the same time, he found large amounts of sea clam-like fossils at an altitude of 3657 metres in the chilean andes. This finding not only confirms the geological transformation of the final sea, but also indirectly supports the geological evolution doctrine. It is on the basis of these fossil evidence that darwin is deeply sceptical about the creationism。
Sixteen years of sedimentation
Upon the return of the examination, darwin began writing, combining the evolutionary perspective of the species with the physical evidence of the examination and using facts to justify the idea. After four years of intensive reflection, darwin wrote a 35-page summary in june 1842 with a pencil, and two years later expanded it to a full 230-page theory。
Darwin has spent 16 years thinking about the evolution of species and constantly refining the natural selection doctrine. He has read the biological literature, discovered the facts, thought about data on adaptation and variability in the field, distilled the arguments in the outline completed in 1842 and the draft prepared in 1844. During that time, he published eight books, seven of which were professional books, one was a travel rite and became an expert in the classification of difficult animal groups。
Even so, darwin is not ready to make the theory of species public. At the end of 1855, he drafted an official letter requesting contacts and acquaintances abroad to send specimens, including furs, gills, femurs and skulls of various domestic animals, in order to conduct further empirical research and fill evidentiary gaps. These specimens played an important role in the preparation of the origin of species。
1859 edition of origin of species page from photo source: “youth digest reading and writing” public no
That's how the giant works
On 24 november 1859, darwin published the origin of species, which provides a wealth of evidence to support the idea of species evolution and biological evolution. Darwin believes that nature can retain environmentally adapted species over a longer period of time by selecting roles. This is what we often call “the choice of nature, the survival of the fittest”。
As with many major scientific discoveries and technological inventions, darwin’s evolutionary chemistry was born out of three main causes: the inheritance and extraction of the wealth of historical thought, the accumulation of numerous direct and indirect scientific practices and the triggering of scientific inspiration。
In the context of the legacy of historical evolutionary intellectual wealth, darwin began with a brief introduction to the work of 34 pioneers. In his introductory remarks, he described the major scientific practices of chemistry that he had conceived twice in his life。
The first is a five-year global scientific expedition. His extensive collection and in-depth observation of changes in nature's species has had a strong impact on the nature theology in his mind, leading him to think seriously about the problems in his study and eventually abandon his theological beliefs。
Second, darwin's direct and indirect work experience in crop cultivation and domestic animal farming is a long-standing practice that has led to the birth of its doctrine。
It should be noted that two scientific inspirations have also inspired darwinian evolution. Moreover, the first edition of origin of species was not introduced and the third edition was updated. In the introduction, darwin described the origins of modern evolutionary thinking。
Darwin's contribution to evolution is based on three main points: species variability, natural selection, and “trees of life”. The first two points are frequently mentioned and the last one is often ignored. He suggested that all life in the world, whether extinct or existing, could be expressed by a tree as a relative, and that the species originated from a common ancestor。
Dalwin's hand-drawn life tree map from "beijing university press"
Darwin's theory had been strongly opposed by religious circles, but he insisted on research that eventually led to widespread acceptance of evolution in the scientific community. Darwin died in 1882 and was 73 years old. His theory not only promotes biological development, but also profoundly influences areas such as philosophy and social sciences. It can be said that darwin's life proved that “evolution” is not just a matter of life, but of human thinking。
References:
The book thinks rationally of evolution
“the china kopp expo” public sign. From “the problem juvenile” to biologists: darwin proved the power of love with his actions
Mr. Sai's public caller darwin: modest and contradictory genius
“beijing university press” public journal. The publication of this book opened an era
Youth digest color. Darwin also has “delayed”
