Quaintin
Course 1 (3): yip yuping
Lee jiang ming
Contents
Overview of section i
Structure and classification of section ii
Nature of section iii
Section iv extract separation techniques
Examples of application of section v
Overview of section i
Definitions:
Charms are the sum of compounds of the type with a phenol-alpha-thonite parent, which are derivatives of phenylpropyl, also known as difurans, oxycarbide or hydroxylene. Cerinate, aromatic, english name conumarin. The parent nuclear structure is:
Ii. Distribution
The fragrances are distributed in both flora and fauna and in microorganisms, such as the carcinogenic ingredient acetacin and the luminous fungus in luminous fungi. The most widely distributed are higher plants, where the most widely distributed are fragrances and umbrellas, e. G. Black beans, snake vermin, wild fragrance, orchids. They exist in the plant in the form of displacement or in combination with sugar, and enzyme enzymes can be synthesized in the form of estuarine。
Iii. Physical activity
(1) plant growth regulator: low concentrations stimulate plant growth; high concentrations inhibit plant growth。
(2) sensitivity: treatment of albino。
(3) antibacterial, anti-virus effects: heptite in qin skin and its tungsten for diarrhea; oscillum in snake beds inhibits surface antigens in hepatitis b。
(4) smooth muscle laxity: coronary artery expansion and ecstasy。
(5) anticondensation: preventing the formation of a clot。
(6) hepatic toxicity: hepatal cancer due to yellow acrylcin。
Iii. The function of cilantro
(i) anti-tumour effects: reagents, 8-ethooxysynthetics and isoprosynthetics extracted from the chinese reagents are resistant to oxygen activity. Compositing erogenesis, ecstasy, med-1 cell lines, leukemia cell strains (hl-60, raji, k564), cervix cancer hela cell lines, breast cancer cell strain mcf-7, etc. Are inhibited and eliminated。
(2) anti-hiv: the franchises derived from the hulls are inhibiting the activity of hiv retro-enzymes while protecting human tlymphocytes from attack and are resistant to drugs。
(3) the role of the cardiovascular system
1 anti-high blood pressure: ex-hupérine praeruptorinc has an extended blood vessels, ca2+proprin is restrained and therefore blood pressure can be used。
2 anti-heart disorder: the separation of the snake bed ethanol extracts from the snake bed total fracumbeans, as well as the pacetophenol, have had significant therapeutic effects on the induction of chloropicrin in mice and calcium chloride in rats。
3 anticondensed blood: dual-caucasine, acetone and cyclic bean are commonly used as synthetic fragrance anticondensants, operating on the basis that the chemical structure of these compounds is similar to that of vk, which is competitively integrated with vk enzyme protein in the liver, inhibiting the activity of enzyme proteins, thus inhibiting the synthesis of the enzymes and of factors dependent on vk. Clinically used to prevent the formation and development of blood clots, as well as as as an auxiliary drug for myocardial infarction, prices remain high because of their inefficient synthesis。
(4) inflammation analgesics: sysin and its equivalents have the effect of inhibiting inflammatory cell factors and cancer causes of death. Clinically, the main component of the sterosophytamine used to treat rheumatism and rheumatism arthritis is ricin。
(5) antioxidation: 7-dimethylenedioxyacin is resistant to polar renal failure, one of the mechanisms of which is to improve polar renal failure by preventing the generation of oxygen free radicals and removing produced oxygen free radicals。
(6) photo-sensitivity: most fracumbeans have a strong absorption effect on various wavelength light and therefore can act as a photo-sensitizer to cause skin-sensitivity. For example, the total fragrance of the radium increases skin sensitivity to ultraviolet light。
Structure and classification of section ii
Type of structure
It is divided into four categories, depending on the primary parent nuclide replacement base
Simple franchises (simplecoumarins): benzene rings have simples. Substitutes include hydroxylene, methoxy, etc。
Embrelliferon
Furan bean
(1) linear (6,7 furfuran fentanyl) type, repolymeric ester type
Psoralen
(2) angular type (7, 8 furans fentanyl)
Augelicin (isopolymer)
3. Pyrannocomarins
The isopenteacne at c6 or c8 nuclei synthesizes the fracumbeans of the 2,2-dimethyl-α-thoran ring structure。
(1) linear (6,7 thiramin fratricin):
Xanthyletin
(2) angular (7,8 gillium lymphocin): acrylcin
Seselin
4. Sphinol
The isomer of fracolin, which refers to a type of compound with a phenylamone skeleton structure, was initially isolated from metabolites in plants and microorganisms and is known for its very similar structure and natural origin。
Fascin
Inner ester
Pyramid
Iwabuchi
5. Dual-caucasine
It's a dichotomy or a trichom. Crystal powders are white or milky; the taste of bitterness is fragrance; it is slightly insoluble in water, ethanol, ether is finely soluted in chloroform and in strong alkali solutions. Chemical structures are similar to vitamin k and have a condensed effect。
Purple phenol
Wikstrosin
6. Other cyanide
Refers to the fracumbeans that have a replacement base in the α-murkan ring. C3 and c4 are often replaced by benzene, hydroxyl, isopentane, etc。
Pyrethrin
Section iii. Nature of the scientific process
I. Sexuality
Vacuum fragrances have good crystal shapes, white crystals, some melting point, 69°c, mostly fragrance. The small molecular mass is volatile, evaporated with water vapour, and evaporating。
And the fragrance of fragrance is not volatile, nor does it increase。
Ii. Solving
Free fragrances - insoluble in cold water, in boiling water, in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ether。
Symphony - soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, soluble in chloroform, ether。
Based on the solubility of the bean, a system solvent method is used for extraction separation。
Iii. Nature properties and alkaline hydrolysis
The α-thyramone ring of fracolin is alpha, beta-unsaturated, and gradually hydrolytics to hydroxyx in rare alkaline fluids. The aqueous solution of the salt, which is not easily alienated by ghl acid, is restored to the internal ester by acidification, i. E. Closed ring. This closure process is highly likely to occur, and even in a very weak acid solution, penetration into co2 can lead to esterification and closure of the inner ring。
Long heat
H+
Oh--
H+
Oh--
H+
The aqueous products are hydroxylized if they heat up with alkaline for a long time. The derivation of glucose isomerization, which converts into an anti-hexyl gluc acid salt and is no longer subject to internal esterification closed-ring reaction after acidification。
A. The rate of alkaline hydrolysis of cedars is mainly related to the nature of the c7-bit replacement base. It is difficult to solve:
The hydrolysis of b. C8 can be hydroxymic when it is appropriately located in a molybdenum, double-key or epoxy structure. Derivatives of glucose acid are no longer closed-ringed。
Differentiated to meth
3-isopentyl4,6-diethylene
Oxygen glycerin
Oh--
H+
Iv. Responses with alternate
(i) combining response
The cassava composition is unstable for acids and isomeric double-key cracks and reacts to hydroxycyclic rings。
Stability: uncle yang ion
(ii) cascade
Ethylene-containing (i. E., alkyl ether)
H+
Hydrolysis
Quaintin
(iii) double-key water reaction
The acid contact allows double-key water, such as acrylcin。
V. C3, c4 double key nature and added response
Because of the cosynthesis of the c3 and c4 keys with the gills and benzene rings of the fracabins, it is not easy to hydrogenize。
Order of hydrogenation under control:
Side chain unsaturated
Vi. Rendering reactions
(i) iron alkyl reaction:
Under alkaline conditions, impregnated carbs are combined with hydroxyl in hydroxylamine to produce anisode acid, which is then combined with trivalent iron salt and red under acid conditions。
(ii) phenoloxygeny reaction:
1. Trichloride iron reagent reaction
The phenol hydroxyl-substituted franchises can be combined with trichloride reagents in aqueous solution to produce different colours。
2. Reagent reaction with nitrous oxide
The phenoxyxylene adjacent or opposite is not replaced to produce red or purple nitroglycerin. Objects
3. Gibb's response
The gibb's reagent is 2,6-dichlorophene (bromo)phenochloride, which is a lively phenol-to-polymerized hydrogen-synthetic blues under weak alkaline conditions。
Free phenol-oh, and-oh no replacement (+)
Replacer (-)。
Emerson response
Emerson reagents are 4-amino-amino-cyanide potassium and phenol is positive for active hydrogen:
Pyroxylene-based no-replacement (+) red has a replacement (-) gibb's, and emerson's reaction is often used to determine whether the c6-bit has a replacement base. A new phenol hydrolytic ring is formed by the ester:
Vii. Fluorescent reaction
The fragrance is mostly shown in uv light, increasing in alkaline. The presence of fluorescent fragrance of fragrances has some bearing on the type and location of the replacement base in the molecule。
Summary
I. Structure - phenomenon-alpha-lamone
Ii. Chemical properties of fracabin
(i) nature of the lactone and alkaline water
(ii) acid reactions (1) ring response
(2) fracking of alkyl ether
(3) double-key water reaction
(iii) visible reaction 1, impregnated reaction - isopolytic acid reaction
2. Pyrooxygen reaction
(1) fecl3 response
(2) non-replacement reaction to phenoloxygeny
Heavy nitrogenized reagent - purple red
Gibbs reaction - blue
Emerson reaction - red
Section iii. Extract separation techniques
The fragrance nature of fragrance is known to be mostly low-polar and lipophilic, and sugar-linked fragrances are more extreme, so we often use system solvents to divide them into parts. The fumigation, acidic reduction and volatile and luxurious properties of fragrance of fragrances are also commonly used in separative purity. Just because of the instability of its nature, care must be taken in the effects of acid, alkaline, heat to control conditions so as not to cause structural damage and subproduction。
1. System solvent method: samples are taken in order of petroleum ether, benzene, ether, ethyl acetic anhydride, acetone and methanol。
2. Alkyl separation method:
This is the classic method。
1. A phenol-based franchise is dissolved with alkaline acid。
2. Ceramino ester ring properties, saturated to salt in alkaline
The acid is then restored to the lactone。
When alkaline thermal openings are made, care is taken about the concentration and heating time of the alkalin fluid, which otherwise causes degradation and damage to the fragrances, or the fragrance of the diarrhea to the disentanglement。
Precipitous alkaline-sensitive franchises may be used to obtain secondary production。
3. Vacuum upgrading or distillation methods:
Volatile fragrance of certain small molecules can be separated by distillation from non-volatile components, often used in purity processes。
For example, the separation of orange oil and orange oil
Chromatography
Layer
The fraction of the mixture of franchise is ultimately obtained by layering。
Sphinol is generally used for silicate, aluminium oxide and polyamide。
Aluminium alkaline oxide may degrade the franchise and is therefore rarely used. It's strong on phenols。
The scavenging agent may be used as a mixture of hexa-ether, hexa-ethyl acetate and oil ether-ethyl acetate。
Prepared hplc
The use of the inverse column chromatography (c18 and c8) for more polar cirrhea has a better separation effect。
The difference between positive and negative chromatography
Spectrum identification
Ultraviolet spectra: the uv spectra of fracabin has a certain pattern。
1. No replacement basis
There are three absorption peaks for non-replacement-based fracumbeans: 274 nm, 284 nm, 311 nm。
274 nm: absorption of b bands, resulting in red migration (general 230-270 nm) due to the long co-synthesis of benzene rings
284 nm: the k belt absorbs, and has an iester structure in the molecules, similar to alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone, resulting in a red shift due to the long cosmonal system. (generally less than 260nm)
311nm: r belt absorption。
(1) the b and k bands of fragrances tend to overlap into a wider band。
(2) if a hair-coloured mosaic or a double key is linked to the aromatic ring, the resulting b band tends to have a longer absorption wavelength than the k belt。
2. Substitution
After importing replacement cells in the fragrance molecule, the k or k belts and b belts overlap the red peaks, with the following red moves:
-oh>-och3>-ch3>-00ch3
