1. 1 the concept of science, technology and innovation
The theory of ecoAs suggested in the nomic development, schumpeter considers innovation to be “a new production function” and characterizes innovation as product innovation, process innovation, market innovation, raw materials innovation and management innovation [1]. On the basis of schumpeter's research, holt believes that innovation is a process of creating and introducing new knowledge, defined as the process of exploring the objective patterns of the movement of things to acquire knowledge, disseminating and applying knowledge to extract new economic benefits, social benefits and increasing human awareness of the world。
Innovations include original innovation, following it, integrating innovation, introducing digestive absorption and re-innovation. Raw innovation refers to the development of new areas, new directions and new disciplines, scientific innovation activities and technological innovation activities that generate new methods, processes and products. Innovation follows a well-established technological path. Innovative integration refers to dynamic innovation that uses a variety of information technologies, management technologies and tools, among others, to select, integrate and optimize the elements of innovation and its content and to form an organically complementary body. The introduction of digestive absorption and re-innovation refers to secondary innovation of new technologies and products with autonomous intellectual property rights based on the introduction of advanced technologies and equipment at home and abroad. The introduction of absorption re-innovation focuses on learning from external knowledge, increasing self-absorption capacity in the learning process and transforming external knowledge into built-in innovation accumulation and capacity enhancement。
Science, technology and innovation (sti) are the sum total of original scientific research and technological innovation, and are important tools and safeguards for promoting the optimal allocation of scientific and technological resources and improving the management of science and technology [2]. "technology and innovation" refers to innovation and change in science and technology systems and is the process of applying scientific discovery and technological innovation to production systems and creating new values, including technological innovation, management innovation and knowledge innovation. Science, technology and innovation involve a wide range of subjects, including governments, enterprises, research institutes and institutions of higher learning, including human resources, finance, and the scientific and technological base. They are a complex emergence that has evolved in tandem with scientific research, technological progress and the application of innovation, and constitute an open and complex system.[3]。
1. 1. 1 knowledge innovation
Knowledge innovation refers to the process of acquiring new basic scientific and technological knowledge through scientific research, including basic and applied research. At the heart of intellectual innovation is scientific research, which is the creation of new ideas and systems of justice, the direct result of which is the creation of new conceptual parameters and theories that provide new worldviews and methodologies for humans to understand and transform the world. The knowledge innovation system is a central part of the national innovation system, which consists of institutions and organizations concerned with the production, diffusion and transfer of knowledge. Knowledge innovation processes are key processes and links in knowledge innovation systems. Heisig[4] proposes four components of the knowledge innovation process, including knowledge generation, knowledge storage, knowledge dissemination and application. The status of the knowledge innovation process can be expressed through system outputs, system efficiency, external impact (3e indicators). The output-type data are usually marked with a literature measurement indicator to explore the effects of efficiency and system externalities through data mining. The performance of the knowledge innovation process usually refers to the achievements of the system relative to its strategic objectives, related initiatives and implications for the future. Based on the state and performance of the knowledge innovation process, an in-depth quantitative analysis of the causes of its anomalies can be carried out, examining the statistical characteristics of the high-performance innovation team in the knowledge innovation process, statistical patterns of growth of the top talent, etc. [5]。
1. 1. 2 technological innovation
Technological innovation refers to technological activities in which innovation agents develop new types of products or improve their quality, or improve the services they provide, by applying innovative information and knowledge, using new technologies, processes and production methods [6]. At the heart of technological innovation are the inventions and creations of science and technology and the realization of values, the immediate result of which is the twin spirals that drive technological progress and the application of innovation, and increase the level of social productivity and hence socio-economic growth。
In terms of conceptual extension, technological innovation includes not only new products and processes, but also improvements in products and processes. This can be achieved through technological innovation based on research and development to acquire new knowledge, new technologies, and new combinations of existing technologies (without the generation of new knowledge and technologies)。
Technological innovation and technological inventions, the transformation of technological outcomes and technological advances are both different and compatible. Technological innovation refers to the whole process of commercialization of a new vision of technology, researched and developed or combined, to obtain practical applications and generate economic and social benefits. Technological inventions, on the other hand, often refer to significant technological breakthroughs, but only to technological activities, which only examine the variability of technologies and not their application and economic benefits. The conversion of technology results generally refers to activities that expand the prototype of the technology developed by research and development and put it into practical application, produce products into the market or convert them into mature process applications, focusing on the back end of the technology activity. Technological progress is generally used to express the results of socio-technical economic activities, but the fundamental way to achieve it is technological innovation, or technological innovation as a means, and technological progress as a result。
