The core of the new technology for the cultivation of golden needles and mushrooms is to improve the quality of the cultivation of golden mushrooms through the use of natural resource science, inoculation of bacterial species, sterilisation of culture materials, water inputs, etc., as well as the incorporation of nutrients into the culture-based sciences, ensuring that the quality of the growth of golden mushrooms meets input market standards and providing farmers with higher economic benefits from the cultivation of golden mushrooms。
I. New cultivation techniques for golden mushrooms
1. Temperature: golden needles and mushrooms are low-temperature and cold-resistant fungi species that require different temperatures at different stages of growth. At the growth stage of the fungus, the temperature range for growth is at 4°c-32°c, of which the optimal growth temperature is at 22°c-24°c, the growth rate of the fungus is slow at below 4°c or above 30°c, within 3°c-4°c, the silk does not die, but is virtually non-growth, continues to grow after the temperature rises, and when the environment is above 34°c, the fungus dies. For sub-entity formation in the growth process, the environmental requirement is 5°c-18°c, the optimal growth temperature range is 10°c-15°c and the formation of sub-entity growth is slow when the ambient temperature is below 8°c。
2. Air: the golden fungus is a good aerobic fungus, which must be fed into space at all stages of growth in sufficient quantities of oxygen, and in the course of the growth of the fungus and sub-entities of the golden fungus, with attention to air exchange. The demand for oxygen content in the air is not stringent during the growth of myceloids, although the physical growth and development process must increase the supply of oxygen. In order to increase the length of the bacterium and at the same time inhibit the growth of the bacterium cover, it is necessary to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, except that the concentration of carbon dioxide should be strictly controlled at less than 5 per cent, so as to prevent excessive concentrations from preventing the formation of sub-entity。
3. Humidity: the growth process does not require direct watering, but the air moisture of the culture or the growing environment is subject to precision and good control. Gold needles and mushrooms are humid bacteria, and during the growth of mybs, the amount of water in the nutrients needs to be maintained at 60-70 per cent of the area, and if the amount of water is not in the zone, the growth of mybs will be affected, with the growth of mybs slowly at less than 60 per cent of the volume, and the mybs at the same time being fined, and the rate of mybs growing at more than 70 per cent。
In the culture growth process, nutrient moisture parameters are controlled at about 70 per cent, while the relative humidity of the air is within 80-90 per cent of the zone. If there are problems with relatively low temperatures, the growth rate of golden needles and mushrooms is significantly reduced, and when relatively high humidity is used, it is easy to generate fungs and cause disease, mushrooms, etc。
4. Light: gold needles and mushrooms are luminous microbes, which grow normally in the dark and are stronger in the weak light. In the process of planting, the entire indoor space is kept in poor light. It is in the process of physical formation, where, in a completely dark environment, mushrooms are not only slow to grow, they are thinner, but in a weak light they grow better. It is important to note that, in the event of excessive light in the environment during the planting process, the bacterium is reduced, while the golden fungus can be opened too early to control the sale time for the gold fungus, and therefore, in the actual planting process, photo masks are required to ensure that the entire indoor space is in a weak state of light。
Ii. Status of the promotion of new cultivation technologies for gold needles and mushrooms
1. Current state of use of technology: in the new cultivation technology of the gold needles and mushrooms, use methods, standards of use, guidelines for use and impact analysis are used to improve the quality of use of the technology. In the actual work process, there are two shortcomings in the current use of technology, one of which is the relatively poor level of understanding by growers of the gold needle and mushroom cultivation techniques, which leads to problems with some information processing and adaptation in the specific work process. In the case of golden mushrooms, even if there is a problem with a growing condition, this can have a negative impact on the cultivation of the gold mushrooms, which is less well used because of the lack of precision control of the relevant technology. The other is the failure to develop a professional system of technology diffusion, which leads to poor understanding of new technologies among growers。
2. Current state of technological awareness: to achieve a comprehensive understanding of technology, gold-cream growers and local agricultural technology stations are required to have a comprehensive understanding of gold-cream habits and growth characteristics in order to enhance the level of use of technology. The problems encountered in the current process are in the form of poor understanding by farmers of the growth habits of the gold mushrooms, and inadequate knowledge by agricultural technology stations of the quality of the use of the various technologies, which makes it impossible for growers to fully understand even in the process of extension of the technology, which makes it impossible to further upgrade the technology chosen。
3. Status of standard-setting: in the process of the use of new techniques for the cultivation of golden needles and mushrooms, criteria for the use of technologies must be established so that all growers can perform their tasks in accordance with the established standards of cultivation. The current work process, on the one hand, has found that the established standards for the use of technology are less developed, leading to a professional process whereby farmers are unable to follow the established standards for the use of technology to improve the quality of the cultivation of gold mushrooms. On the other hand, in the process of the use of new cultivation techniques, professional testing standards have not been established, resulting in the planting process not being able to identify projects that fail to meet the planting standards, and the construction of technical standards not being effective。
Iii. Methodological methodology of enforcement of gyen cycle
1. Promotion of the use of technology: new technologies for the cultivation of golden needles and mushrooms have made it possible for established technology systems to be used by growers, thus leading to the use of the entire technology system through the use of technologies to prevent possible pest and disease problems. In the process of technology diffusion, local agricultural technology stations are first required to send professionals to learn about the use of various technologies and to inform growers about the use of new technologies in order to improve the quality of their use. Secondly, through locally established media channels, the gold mushroom growers have been given a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of professional cultivation techniques through media channels. Finally, a description of the technical details, such as the state of production and growth of mybs, sub-entities and the strict control of the temperature, humidity, ventilation and light conditions in the area under cultivation, with clear information to increase the usefulness of the technology。
2. Technological awareness-raising: in the process of technology diffusion, it is necessary to provide all growers with a more comprehensive understanding of the core and use of new technologies and, on the one hand, professional agricultural technicians and growers alike, to improve their own understanding of the golden mushrooms in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the technologies that eventually emerge. In the extension of agricultural technology, agricultural technology extension workers are required to improve their learning and comprehensive knowledge of the habits, growth characteristics and environmental requirements of golden mushrooms, which, in practice, must be transmitted directly to the farmers who cultivate the gold mushrooms, so as to truly integrate the technical system and the growth practices, so as to increase the capacity of farmers to cultivate the gold mushrooms once they have a better understanding。
3. Standard-setting promotion: the process of applying new techniques for the cultivation of golden mushrooms naturally involves the establishment of more specialized work standards, the quality of the results obtained, and the development of new work standards that are understood by farmers to be fully compliant with the requirements of the standards in their daily work. On the one hand, it is necessary for farmers to understand the professional information of the various standards, including ventilation and the temperature and humidity of the cultivated space, and only on the basis of the full implementation and implementation of this work can a professional integrated work and management system be constructed. The other is the development of professional management information sheets, the use of information logs to record all information in the cultivation process, and the development of standards to improve management quality。
In the light of the above, new techniques for the cultivation of golden mushrooms include temperature control, water allocation, ventilation, etc., to improve the quality of their growth. Problems in the current diffusion of technologies include the failure to develop standards for their use, the poor quality of technology use and diffusion, which are detrimental to the full use of new technologies, and the need for professional outreach programmes in future extension efforts。
Lee hui li yumei, agricultural technology promotion centre, kimbong county, shandong province
