In the 1960s, the earth's people had the privilege of witnessing the process of nature's construction of an island, the island of sirtece。
In 1963, in the 32 km south of iceland, there was a sudden eruption of 130 m below the sea surface, out of which ash and water cylinders reached hundreds of metres. On 14 november 1963, the volcano highlighted the sea surface, known as the island of sirtese. Since then, the eruption has continued to eject ash clouds as high as 10 km and, on 5 june 1967, the area of sirtesse island reached a maximum of 2. 7 km2 at 174 m above sea level. That is to say, in four years, the island of sirtesa has washed out of the sea 174 metres from 130 metres below the sea, which is beyond human reach。
Surtese island continues to shrink as a result of wave erosion, from 1. 3 square kilometres in 2012 to 155 metres above sea level, although the present century will certainly see the sea。
"the volcano of the sea."
Undersea volcanoes ejected magma and formed underwater hills, pillars and rocks, rising volcanoes that, after thousands or even hundreds of thousands of years, surfaced and solidified into islands. Spraying, cooling, condensing, piled up and re-emerging into volcanic islands。
According to conventional physical knowledge, the fire meets water and the fire is reduced or even extinguished. Is the volcano on sirtese bigger than the atlantic ocean? More than 70 per cent of the earth's surface covers the oceans, but why does seawater not extinguish submarine volcanoes? How does this co-existence come about
Undersea volcanoes are those scattered over the sea and, like terrestrial volcanoes, are separated between dead and active volcanoes. According to incomplete statistics, there are currently more than 20,000 submarine volcanoes worldwide, half of them in the pacific ocean. Most of these volcanoes are located at the intersection of the plate, some of them are dead, others are dormant and others are still young and active。
Undersea volcanic eruptions are also specific, with shallower seawater and lower water pressure, water vapours and lava often ejecting from the surface, and hot lava reacts sharply with cold seawater, accompanied by severe explosions, unlike land volcanic eruptions。
If the water is too deep, we cannot see very significant changes above the surface. Is this a situation where the sea water extinguishes the volcano? Of course not. Otherwise, the term “volcanic islands” would probably not have come to light with such a huge amount of water in the pacific ocean。
The fires we see in the daytime are burning and the oxygen in the air is very intense, and the volcanic eruption is a high-temperature fluid, magma. The fires from submarine volcanic eruptions are not the visible fires on the ground, and there is a large amount of magma stored below the earth's crust due to high temperature and high pressure. When plates move frequently, magma gushes up when there are gaps in the surface. The principle of water fire suppression is to separate the incendiary from the air, but magma eruptions are caused by high pressure and do not itself require air, which can only be cooled and not extinguished by sea water。
In general, the combination of the earth's large plates can easily form volcanic zones, such as the pacific rim. There are, however, exceptions, such as the hawaiian volcano, which is located in the middle of the pacific plate and is the result of a direct magma eruption within the earth, which is likely to grow younger than humans。
Many of the world's island nations, such as japan, new zealand, iceland, and so on, are located on volcanic belts。
Japan
Japan is located in the pacific rim volcanic earthquake zone, where the pacific plate, the north american plate, the asia-europe mainland plate and the philippines plate meet, with frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity. One tenth of the global volcano is located in japan, and one fifth of the earthquake occurred in japan。
Japan's peak, mount fuji, at an altitude of approximately 3776 metres, is an active volcano. Mount fuji is typical of a double volcano with at least four layers. At the bottom is the ancient volcano, which could be millions of years from now. The second level is the small, royal volcano, which erupted about hundreds of thousands of years ago. The third level, the ancient volcano, erupted about 80,000 years ago. The fourth level is the new fuji volcano, the vent we have seen, which has erupted frequently between 11,000 and 8,000 years ago. The main peak of mount fuji is now not ventilated, but there are still intermittent eruptions of volcanoes such as longtail and bo yong。
In 1707, mount poyong, on the side of mount fuji, erupted, leaving ash in edo (now tokyo) 4 cm thick。
[new zealand]
New zealand is situated in the volcanic zone around the pacific ocean, in particular in the north island, with multiple volcanoes and hot springs, the peak of which is mount ruapehu, at an altitude of 2797 metres and approximately 40 kilometres south-west of lake taupo。
Mount ruapehu is one of the most active in the world, with a major eruption in 1945, emptying the lake's mouth and at least 60 small eruptions since 1945. When the eruption of the ruapeh volcano erupted, the ash burst into the clouds and the smoke was scattered around it。
Volcano tu-ruapehou
New zealand's largest lake, known as lake taupo, is located on the north island and is actually a potpo crater that was formed some 26,500 years ago after the eruption. Lake taupo is an active volcano, the most recent of which is about 1800 years old. In the final year of east han, when the topper volcano erupted, when the sky appeared red, the horns of zhang wrote the big words, "the heavens are dead, the yellow are standing," and the yellow towels opened the first three countries. At the same time, the sky of rome was also red because of volcanic ash in the atmosphere. The eruption of taupo volcano, the largest volcano in the history of human civilization, is fortunate that the north island of new zealand is far from the earth's densely populated area。
Iceland
Iceland lies at the intersection of the atlantic ocean and the arctic ocean, near the arctic circle, the second largest island in europe, after great britain, covering an area of 103,000 square kilometres。
Iceland is a volcanic island, at an average altitude of about 500 metres above sea level, with cliffs facing the coast. Iceland has 200-300 volcanoes, 40-50 active volcanoes and, at its peak, the warnerdars henuk volcano, at an altitude of 2119 metres。
Iceland's glaciers coexist with the volcanic mass known as the state of ice and fire. To the hot springs in iceland, to swim a circle along the 1339 km round island road along glaciers, volcanoes, canyons, forests, waterfalls and geothermal fountains。
