Environmental science
Eco-civilization
It's a fundamental plan for the sustainable development of the chinese nation in relations
Let's learn together
Twenty-five common senses about ecological conservation
To be an eco-civilist
Together build a low-carbon life
Give your strength to build a beautiful china
01
We're proud to save the water. Close the tap at any time
My country is one of the 12 poorest countries in the world, with freshwater resources less than a quarter of the world's per capita water. More than half of the country's more than 600 cities lack water, and 108 of them suffer from severe water shortages. The scarcity of surface water resources results in excessive groundwater exploitation. In the 1950s, wells in beijing were able to extract water about 5 metres below the surface, and now, on average, 40,000 wells in beijing are 49 metres deep and groundwater resources are nearly depleted。
02
Guardian of water resources - protecting water is protecting life
According to environmental monitoring, approximately 100 million tons of sewage is discharged directly into water bodies throughout the country. More than half of the seven major water systems in the country are contaminated with water quality. Seventeen of the 35 priority lakes are severely contaminated and one third of the country's water body is not suitable for irrigation. More than 90 per cent of urban waters are heavily polluted, more than 50 per cent of urban water sources do not meet drinking water standards, 40 per cent of water sources are no longer potable, and 60-70 per cent of the total water shortage in cities of the south is due to water pollution。
03
One water multiplies -- re-use
Seventy per cent of the earth's surface is covered by water, with approximately 1. 4 billion cubic metres of water, 96. 5 per cent of which is sea water. The remaining water is freshwater, but more than half of it is ice, rivers and lakes, and only about 0. 003 per cent of the total water available。
04
Stop the leaks. Check and repair the tap
05
Be careful with the cleaning agent - use soap as much as possible to reduce water contamination
Most detergents are chemical products, and high levels of waste water with high detergent content are released into rivers, leading to deterioration in water quality. Prolonged and inappropriate use of cleaning agents can damage people's central systems, hinder people's intellectual development, reduce their mental and analytical capacity and cause severe mental disorders. Cleaning agents are left on clothing, irritating skin sensitivity, using relatively high concentrations of cleaners for long periods, and carcinogens in detergents enter humans from the skin, mouth and mouth to the detriment of health。
06
It's about the atmosphere. Don't forget you breathe all the time
Monitoring by the global atmospheric monitoring network has shown that the average daily atmospheric concentrations of suspended particulate matter in the five cities of beijing, shenyang, xian, shanghai and guangzhou are 200-500 ug per cubic metre, which is 3-9 times higher than the world health organization standard and is among the 10 largest contaminated cities in the world。
07
Turn off the lights
Our country is dominated by fire power and coal. Coal accounts for more than 70 per cent of the one-time energy mix. If conventionally developed, at least 10 billion tons of coal equivalent energy would be required to reach the developed country level, which would be equivalent to the sum of global energy consumption. Coal combustion would release large amounts of harmful gases, seriously contaminate the atmosphere, and create acid rain and greenhouse effects。
08
Conservation appliances -- a force to slow the warming of the earth
Large quantities of coal, gas and oil fuel are used in industry, commerce, housing and transport. The excess of co2 generated when these fuels are burned, like glass masks, prevents surface heat from spreading to outer space, placing heat in the atmosphere, creating a “greenhouse effect”, which changes global weather, causes catastrophic droughts and floods and melts the glaciers of the southern arctic, leading to sea level rise. Scientists estimate that if the trend towards warming continues, low-lying bangladesh, the netherlands, egypt, china's low-lying delta and a number of island countries will be at risk of being swallowed up by seawater。
09
Reduced air conditioning — reduced energy consumption
Fuels such as coal, when burned, release carbon and nitrogen oxides in gaseous form, which combine with water vapour in the air to form highly corrosive sulphuric acids and nitrates, and return to the ground with rain, snow, fog, known as acid rain. There are three main acid rain zones worldwide: the united states and canada, the nordic region, and the southern part of china. Acid rain not only corrupts buildings strongly, but also acidizes the soil, leading to the death of trees, reduced crop yields, acidizing water quality in lakes and the death of fish shrimp. The economic losses caused by the pollution of acid rain in our country are in the region of $20 billion a year as a result of the heavy use of coal fuel. Rainfall levels in our acid rain zone continue to rise and the area continues to expand。
10
Support for green lights -- energy-efficient lights for everyone
China's green lighting project is one of our energy-saving priorities. Under the project implementation plan, energy-efficient lighting lamps will be promoted throughout the country during the ninth five-year plan. By the year 2000, it will have managed to save 22 billion kilowatts of lighting power and the corresponding power plants to fuel coal and reduce emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, dust, ash and carbon dioxide。
Eleven
Use renewable energy - don't wait until the day the energy runs out
Ninety per cent of the energy currently used by humans is oil, gas and coal. The process of formation of these fuels takes hundreds of millions of years and is a non-renewable resource. Solar, wind, tidal and geothermal energy is renewable and is known as renewable energy. Those that do not pollute the environment are called “clean energy”。
12
To be a "publicist" - proud to be in a public transport
In our capital, beijing, there are nearly 1. 2 million motor vehicles, only one sixth of what is owned in cities such as tokyo and new york. However, the concentration of contaminants released per vehicle is 3-10 times higher than that of motor vehicles abroad. In beijing, 73 per cent of hydrocarbons, 63 per cent of carbon monoxide and 37 per cent of nitrogen oxides are from motor vehicle emissions。
13
When the "bicycle hero" -- protecting the atmosphere, it begins at the bottom
In europe, many people who are willing to work on bicycles in order to reduce the air pollution caused by driving are treated as ring guards and respected. American newspapers often mobilize people to go to supermarkets to buy as many essentials as possible and to reduce the number of trips to supermarkets in order to save gasoline while reducing air pollution. The influential american bicycling association has been calling on the government to build a bicycle lane. In germany, many families prefer to go out in the same car with their immediate neighbours in order to reduce car tail emissions. In order to clean the city air, tehran, the capital of iran, has set a “day of privacy-free cars”, on which the president of iran also joins citizens in a bus to work. In shanghai, my country, a number of company employees often share a taxi, called “clash”。
14
Reducing exhaust emissions - responsibility of drivers
The law of the people's republic of china on the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution stipulates that no motor vehicle ship may release contaminated materials to the atmosphere beyond the prescribed emission standards, and that in the case of motor vehicle vessels that exceed the prescribed emission standards, measures shall be taken for their remediation, and that no vehicle that discharges pollutants beyond the national emission standards shall be manufactured, sold or imported。
15
Use of unleaded gasoline - driver choice
Vehicles using leaded gasoline release lead through tail gas. When they breathe into the human body, they harm the human nervous system and accumulate in human bones; if they fall into the soil or rivers, they are absorbed into the human food chain by plants and animals. Lead accumulates to a certain extent in the human body, causing a wide range of diseases such as anaemia, hepatitis, pneumonia, emphysema, spiraciation and nervous breakdown。
16
Valuing the paper - the forest and the rivers
The sharp increase in paper demand is one of the reasons for the increase in wood consumption, with the annual consumption of 10 million cubic metres of wood in the country, the import of more than 1. 3 million tons of wood pulp and the import of more than 4 million tons of paper. The high consumption of paper has not only led to deforestation, but has also caused serious pollution of rivers and lakes (more than 30 per cent of the entire water area is contaminated by pollution from the paper industry) as a result of the production of pulp discharges of sewage。
17
Use of recycled paper — reducing deforestation
Our forest cover is only one quarter of the world average. According to statistics, our forests have been drastically reduced by 23 per cent in 10 years, with a 50 per cent reduction in the volume of harvestable stocks, and the natural forests of yunnanxi bizona have disappeared at an annual rate of about 16,000 hectares since the 1950s. At that time, 55 per cent of the original forest cover had now been halved。
18
Alternative greeting cards — reducing the burden on the planet
In recent years, the japanese, with their many manners, have also changed the habit of presenting a large number of greeting cards. A number of major companies have announced that they will no longer send greeting cards. Our university students have organized the “credit saver tree” campaign to promote the saving of the money for cards to plant trees and protect nature。
19
The new fashion of food conservation - the glory of economy
Our country has more than 130 million hectares of arable land, or 7 per cent of the world's arable land. Arable land per capita is less than 47 per cent of the world's average, and in more than 600 districts (districts) in the east it is below the threshold of 0. 05 hectares established by fao。
20
Control the noise pollution -- let's monitor each other
Noise interferes with the normal life of the population and can damage human hearing. Noise has obvious effects on human nervous and cardiovascular systems, etc. People who have long-term exposure to noise have symptoms of headaches, brain swelling, panic, memory loss and inactivity. Low-frequency noise makes your chest boring and disgusting. Noise also affects the digestive system and can lead to coronary heart disease and arteryclerosis。
21
Let's start with ourselves
In germany, when using sound equipment indoors, the volume is able to hear the united states of america's laws. In the united kingdom, advertising, entertainment and business activities are prohibited from using sound equipment and not at night in public places. In japan, the control of noise generated by night operations in the catering industry and the use of sound equipment for propaganda purposes are limited; vehicles are not allowed to have an impact on other people's unnecessary noise and are prohibited from making unnecessary traffic。
22
Recognition of “environmental markers” — selection for green food
Environmental products that have been certified by the china green signs certification board include low-fluorinated domestic refrigeration equipment, fluorine-free moses and rigid haircaps, lead-free gasoline, cadmium-free mercury-charged batteries, phosphorus-free fabric detergents, low-noise washing machines, and energy-efficient fluorescent lamps. These environmental marker products are marked with a “china environmental marker”. The central structure of the logo is the green mountain, the green water, the sun, which represents the environment on which humankind depends. Ten rings on the periphery represent a shared public participation in the protection of the environment。
23
Non-fluorinated products - protection of the ozone layer
The ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet light and protects humans, flora and fauna from harm. The chlorinates in fulion are extremely damaging to the ozone layer, which can decompose and thin the ozone layer by absorbing ultraviolet ozone. Strong ultraviolet radiation can damage the immune function of humans and animals, induce skin cancer and cataracts, and destroy ecosystems on earth. In 1994, the largest ozone house to date was observed in antarctica, with an area of 2,400 square kilometres. Information indicates that in southern chile, on the edge of the antarctic ozone layer, there have been crop damage and animal blindness in rangelands. The ozone layer over the arctic is also thinning. Currently, the montreal protocol, which limits the use of cfc, has been signed by 24 developed countries that were the first to use cfc, and the 1990 amendment places the use of cfc in developed countries in the year 2000. In february 1993, the government of china approved the china ods phase-out programme, which established a complete phase-out of ods in 2010。
24
Choosing phosphorous-free laundry powder - protecting rivers and lakes
Most of the laundry powder produced in our country contains phosphorus. More than 70,000 tons of phosphorus are released into surface water each year, with a significant impact on rivers and lakes, at an average of 15 per cent of our annual laundry powder. The total phosphorous levels in fhiqi, mahai, and hydra lake were found to be quite high, and the amount of phosphorous brought in by laundry powder in the sewage of kunming exceeded 50 per cent of the total phosphorous load. Large amounts of phosphorus-containing sewage enter water sources, causing eutrophication of the water body, reduced oxygen content and loss of life due to oxygen deficiency. The water bodies thus become dead and stinking water。
25
Purchase of environmental batteries - prevention of mercury cadmium contamination
The batteries that we use everyday are chemically, which, in general, is based on corrosive energy. Corrosion contains large amounts of heavy metal contaminants - cadmium, mercury, manganese, etc. When they are abandoned in nature, these toxic substances slowly spill over from batteries into the soil or water sources and then into the human food chain through crops. These toxic substances accumulate in humans over a long period of time, damaging the nervous system, blood function, kidneys and bones, and in some cases carcinogenic. Batteries can be described as the amount of waste produced; concentrated production, dispersion of contamination; short-term use, long-term contamination。
The construction of eco-civilization is hidden in every hand-to-hand turn off light, every sort of garbage, every green trip. Twenty-five eco-friendly things, both as “guidelines for action” to protect the environment and, above all, as a “sweet agreement” to travel with this land。
Looking forward to working with you on the road to a low-carbon life, making green the most exciting color of life, giving the seeds of ecological civilization roots in more people -- the future of beautiful china, we create together
