In many historical television shows, we often see messengers shouting 600 miles or 800 miles, then quickly breaking into the temple. As one of the most important ways of transmitting information in ancient times, how does the court view the messenger and station systems? How fast was the so-called 800 miles? Why can't even bandits stop these messengers
The history of the kiosks dates back to the qinhan period, when the kiosk system had matured. In practice, however, the concept of bastion is even earlier than the emergence of the bastion. Back in the business week, it had appeared. Because of the frequency of fighting during the spring and autumn wars, traditional means of transmitting signals, such as balconies, became no longer functional, and people at the time began to send messages by special couriers, who were also the earliest。
These earliest messengers are different from those which have since evolved. Depending on the circumstances, they use three main modes of transport. If the target is closer, they usually choose to walk because horses were scarce. If the target was far, they would have chosen to ride, or the information would have expired by the time of destination。
Another way to deliver the message is by driving a letter. The driving was a vehicle that only a nobleman could use at the time and required at least two horses to use a car. This method is usually used only for the transmission of information between nobles. However, as the cost is too high, the mode of carrying a vehicle is gradually eliminated。
The way in which messages are transmitted on foot is called mail, the way in which they are delivered on horseback is called hysteria, and the way in which they are transmitted by car. However, this mode of transmission has been phased out over time, and ultimately only post and tungsten are left. Upon arrival in qin dynasty, as a result of the establishment of the county system and the installation of the rural kiosk, the director of the kiosk also began to act as manager。
During the period of the han dynasty, the court was further sealed, but the way in which the message was delivered continued the qin dynasty system and improvements were made to the post office system. However, as there are times when the court of the dprk is called upon to transmit highly confidential and urgent instruments, it is difficult for the messenger to distinguish which instruments are more important, and therefore there are frequent cases of misinformation。
In order to address this problem, the dprk introduced for the first time a hierarchy of instruments. Letters are divided into levels of importance from one level to the next, and each level of instrument is sent by a special messenger. In order to ensure the successful completion of the mission, the kiosks should also be brought up。
However, the initial station was not called a station, but rather a hysteria. With the expansion of the national territory, the number of stations has gradually increased, resulting in a well-developed system of transmission. In the tang dynasty, the post office system was established, not only by land, but also by waterways, thanks to the opening of the grand emperor's canal。
During the tang dynasty, 1,639 kiosks were set up throughout the country, each of which was very luxurious, providing not only food and horse exchange services, but even accommodation. These stations have created more than 20,000 jobs for the tang dynasty, and many are competing for jobs. With the support of this well-developed infrastructure, the efficiency of the postman's work has improved significantly, and 800 lire of emergency has also emerged。
One of the best examples of how efficient the post office system was in the tang dynasty was the smile of a red dust concubine, which no one knew came from. In order to give the princess fresh twig, the mailmen used the fastest 800-mile rush. However, behind this pace is the cost of several horses and postman dying each time。
The key to achieving this speed is the effectiveness of the ancient mail system, which depends in particular on the strengths and weaknesses of the horses. Although horses are important in ancient times, horses also have limits as living things. Even the strongest horses can only run 800 miles a day, and beyond that distance they die from excessive fatigue. Thus, ancient messengers can only run 800 miles a day。
Even in chong dynasty, the post office system has maintained 800-mile excruciating restrictions. In order to address this problem, future generations ' improvements would be to increase the number of stations or adjust their layout. In ming dynasty, more than 1,900 kiosks were set up, but the number decreased to about 1,700 at the time of chong dynasty. This decrease is due in part to the abolition of a number of kiosks by the emperor of ming ming。
Li was a mailman when he entered beijing. If chu had not changed the post office system at that time, li might not have lost his job, and would not have gone into debt and eventually launched an uprising. Without a li-style uprising, ming dynasty might have continued, and the qing dynasty might not have ruled so quickly. Thus, there is a relationship between the demise of ming dynasty and the downsizing of the station。
On the basis of its succession to the ming dynasty system, there has been no large-scale reform, so that the 600 and 800-mile emergency systems still exist. Although the system of kiosks provides efficient services to the court, these kiosks are restricted to use by the court and are not accessible to ordinary people. It was not until the end of the year, but only during the year of light, that for the first time a government-funded station was opened to the population。
In tang dynasty, in addition to 800 lire, there are many provisions. For example, ordinary land mailers are required to travel six kiosks per day, approximately 180 miles. If the mission is not completed, the postman will be fined. It's 300 and 500 miles a day. The walker travels 50 miles per day, while the boat travels 150 miles per day, and only 50 miles in reverse, depending on the water flow。
The postage of the song dynasty is smaller than the tang dynasty, mainly because of the shrinking size of the country. The song dynasty was divided into three classes, the fastest of which was 400 miles per day, while in wartime, the highest-ranking mailman was 500 miles per day. Song gao zong called back yu fei through the 12 gold medals, which required a very fast journey, during which day-to-day mailmen rang their saddles and lit torches at night to ensure speed。
After the song dynasty, the system of postage between yuan, ming and qing dynasty was maintained at a peak of 800 miles, usually only in very urgent circumstances. The most common cases are the transmission of war reports or military orders. In the case of bandits, 800 lire is usually avoided. On the one hand, they fear the harsh consequences of obstructing the court's actions; on the other hand, mailmen are usually in light positions, with little wealth on their bodies, and the risk of looting them is high。
This phenomenon can be compared to modern society, where bad people venture to rob a resource that cannot bring money, and where they not only face legal sanctions, they may pay far more than they get. As a result, bandits usually do not block 800 lilies of urgent couriers。
The emergence of kiosks and the movement of mailmen bear witness to the progress of the times through the years of continuous development. The horses and the mailman who fell in order to accomplish their mission are the true images of the prosperity of the ancient mail system, which measure the land of the motherland with their feet and carry vital news with their lives。
