Question answer for the national energy conservation and environmental awareness competition
Energy acquired in nature without any change or transformation is referred to as one-off energy, such as (original coal), crude oil, gas, hydro, wind, geothermal, etc。
Energy is divided into renewables and non-renewables, depending on whether they are renewable, and below are renewables (solar energy)。
The basic mode of operation of the circular economy is that of the “natural product pick-up (regenerative resource)” and the relatively closed and non-linear economic model。
Energy is the basis on which humankind depends, and our energy use is dominated by (coal)。
Our energy resources are limited, and conventional energy resources account for only 10. 7 per cent of the world total. Per capita energy resources are well below the world average。
My country is the second largest energy consumer in the world。
The industrial sector accounted for 58. 6 per cent of total energy consumption in 2005, with construction materials, steel and (chemical) being the most energy-consuming industries。
Our oil imports are on the rise year by year, amounting to 163 million tons of crude oil imported in 2007, an increase of 12. 4 per cent over last year, and are now close to oil dependency (50 per cent)。
Our current potential for the conversion of biomass resources to energy is about (5) billion tons of standard coal, and the future potential for the conversion of biomass resources to energy can be as high as 1 billion tons of standard coal, with the expansion of forested areas and economic and social development。
In 2005, the total amount of renewable energy development and utilization (excluding traditional uses of biomass) was about 166 million tons of standard coal, about the total primary energy consumption (7. 5 per cent) nationwide in 2005。
11 the energy conservation law of the people's republic of china was amended and adopted by the standing committee of the tenth national people's congress of the people's republic of china at its thirtieth meeting on 28 october 2007 and has been in force since 1 april 2008。
The recently revised energy conservation act identifies (resource conservation) as the basic state policy。
The recently revised energy conservation act provides that energy-focused units shall report annually to the department that manages energy-saving efforts on the status of energy use in the previous year. Any failure to submit a report on the status of energy use, or the fact that the report is false, is corrected by an order of the department managing the energy-saving work; the penalty for failure to do so is a fine of less than $10,000 and less than $10,000。
The recently amended act on energy conservation provides that “the authorities responsible for building the people's government in the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government may, on the basis of local conditions, establish (strictly) local standards for energy conservation in buildings that are in line with national or industry standards, and report them to the standardization authorities of the state council and to the construction authorities of the state council”
The most recent amendments to the energy conservation act state that the total annual total energy consumption (10,000 tons) is above the standard level of coal, and the units designated by the relevant departments of the state council or by the provincial, autonomous and direct municipal people's governments to manage energy conservation (more than 5,000 tons and less than 10,000 tons) are all focused on energy units。
16 (renewable energy law) adopted by the standing committee of the tenth national people's congress of the people's republic of china at its fourteenth meeting, effective 1 january 2006。
The cleaner production promotion law of the people's republic of china applies to sectors (units engaged in production and service activities and related regulatory activities)。
Between 18 and 2010, our energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by about 20 per cent, which is an important binding indicator set out in the national 11th five-year plan。
Our environmental protection plan for the 11th five-year period states that by 2010 the total emissions of the country's main pollutants, sulphur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand, must be reduced by all (10 per cent) compared to 2005。
The 11th five-year plan for water-saving societies proposes that by 2010 water-efficient societies will have made substantial strides and achieved tangible results, with a significant increase in the efficiency and effectiveness of water use, and a reduction in water consumption per unit of GDP by more than 20 per cent compared to 2005。
The energy-saving priority project, which is an important element of the medium- and long-term specialized plan for energy conservation, has been incorporated into the 11th five-year national economic and social development plan, and is an important engineering and technical measure to achieve the goal of reducing energy consumption by about 20 per cent per unit of GDP in the 11th five-year plan。
On 1 june 2007, the office of the state council issued a circular on the strict implementation of the standards for controlling the temperature of air conditioning in public buildings, requiring all units in public buildings, including state agencies, social groups, business organizations and individual businesses, to set the temperature of indoor air conditioning at no lower than (26°c) in the summer, with the exception of special units such as hospitals and authorized users with specific requirements for temperature in production processes; and no higher than (20)°c in winter indoor air conditioning。
The circular of the office of the state council on restrictions on the production and sale of plastic shopping bags stipulates that the production, sale and use of plastic shopping bags of less than 0. 025 mm thick shall be prohibited throughout the country as of 1 june 2008。
Industrial enterprises are encouraged to use equipment such as electric motors (efficient, energy-efficient), boilers, kilns, wind machines, pumps, etc., combined heat and electricity production, residual heating, clean coal and advanced energy monitoring and control。
Enterprise energy savings are the difference between the actual energy consumption in the enterprise statistics reporting period and the total amount calculated on a comparative baseline basis。
Monitoring of energy efficiency is the monitoring, testing and evaluation of energy use units (energy use status), based on national regulations (or industry, local regulations) and energy standards。
Energy consumption statistics for enterprises refer to the whole process of systematically collating measures and information to establish sound energy consumption (original records), statistics, desk accounts and economic accounting that reflect the processes and patterns of energy activities。
Energy management posts should be established in energy-focused units, where the head of energy management should be appointed from staff with expertise in energy conservation, practical experience and technical titles at the mid-level and above, and reported to the departments and offices responsible for managing energy-saving work (filed)。
The use of energy-efficient equipment or production processes that have been expressly phased out by the state is discontinued by an order of the department managing the energy-saving work, (seizure) of the energy-efficient equipment that has been expressly phased out by the state, and, in serious cases, by an opinion of the department managing the energy-saving work, the people's government at its level is requested to order the closure or closure of the business in accordance with the authority established by the state council。
The most basic method to improve the efficiency of the operation of electric motors is to (reasonable selection and use) the motor, to determine the best way of operating and to reduce the energy loss of the motors。
Electro-motion-frequency-modulator systems include, inter alia, differentiating motors, (frequency transformers), control links, loads and transmission agencies。
Indicators for products (energy efficiency) are indicated on the energy efficiency marker。
The medium-level (1) level of energy efficiency indicates that the products are internationally advanced, the most efficient and the least energy-consuming。
Energy efficiency levels above level (2) can be called energy-efficient air conditioners。
The energy efficiency labelling system in our country uses (mandatory) implementation modalities for business participation。
The certification of energy-efficient products is defined as (an activity where a third party meets a specified energy-saving requirement for the product and gives a written assurance)。
Certification of energy-efficient products is an enterprise (voluntary) activity。
The first product to be certified for energy efficiency is (refrigerator)。
Building energy consumption refers to energy consumption in buildings (in use), including, inter alia, heating, air conditioning, hot water supply, cooking, lighting, household appliances, elevators, ventilation, etc。
The construction cost of energy-efficient buildings increased by 8 per cent to 10 per cent compared with non-energy-efficient buildings, but energy consumption decreased (50 per cent to 65 per cent), benefiting from 50 to 70 years。
Energy-efficient and environmentally friendly hybrid electric vehicles, using traditional internal combustion engines and electric motors as power sources, are operated by combining thermal and electrical systems, most notably the complementary working model of hybrid engines (oil, electricity)。
The most harmful element to the atmosphere in the tail gas generated by motor vehicles is carbon dioxide。
Car fuel consumption is usually (increased) associated with the increase in exhausts, thus making it more fuel-efficient to purchase those cars with approximately 1. 0 litres of charge and less than 5 litres per 100 km。
When many people use their home electricity, they are used to using remote control devices to shut down or time them, and the circuits will continue to be electrified, not to underestimate this unexpected on-call energy consumption, which accounts for about 10 per cent of household electricity consumption. Therefore, electrical appliances are cut off when they are not used。
Cfls, which are red, green, blue and triform fluorescent lamps, are a source of green light, which saves electricity compared to incandescent lamps (70-80 per cent)。
The air conditioner is transferred to the sleep switch when sleeping and is about to be power-efficient (15%)。
Water in urban sewage is the type of water that is not used in medium water (drinking livestock) that meets the national standard for the quality of household water after the water has been decontaminated at depths
48 reflecting the spirit of the olympic games in beijing in 2008, high-tech energy-saving technologies (solar photovoltaic systems) have been used in a number of sites for the construction of national sports stadium bird nest screening stations。
During the 2008 olympic games, more than 8 million (green biodegradable) bags of plastics will be used by athletes in olympic villages, which can be decomposed by microorganisms under natural conditions, without any negative impact on the environment and constitute the best alternative to the current general plastics。
In 2008, clean fuel will be used for public transport vehicles in beijing (90 per cent) and for all taxis, sanitation vehicles and postal vehicles。
(thanks to the beijing center for the conservation of energy and the magazine energy and the environment for technical support of the knowledge contest)
