"study 7" "study 7"
"the chinese book office edition."
I. Context
As the only one in the episode that was not made by the emperor, samar broke the "queen's inheritance", with the following core lines:
1. Break-in-the-ground, weightless
Although he is only the “king of west chu” and is not the emperor, he has been the prime transitor of qin’s death in five years, so he has written in this book to reflect the historical view of “no hero of defeat”。
Three-part narratives based on “survival”
- rise (24-27 years old): from the birth of chu, who began with the idea that he was a “punishable substitute” for wu-sung, the battle of soldiers and deer (deep in the canoes) was waged against the people。
- ding ding (aged 27-30): entering xianyang, having dinners with hongmen, dividing up the 18 roads, supporting the king of west chu, and establishing the city of doung。
- deceased (30 years old): the tragedy of chuhan-sama's victory over king bijouji。
3. The triple contrast highlights the tragedy
- feng yuvs liu bang: the nobles are pragmatic and use their own vs to do fine and smooth。
- before the war, the gods of wevs were the end of the road: the deer, the battle of peng, the end of the battle, the end of the war of the ujiang。
- self-perception vs. Historical facts: the death of a man who believed in “the crimes of god, not war”, contrasted with the judgment of sema to “do his own work, fight his own mind”。
4. Inter-cultural, factual and emotional
It is an objective record of history (e. G. The battle of the deer, the details of the hongmen dinner) and a literary grammatical depiction of the person, which incorporates sympathy for the tragic hero。
Ii. Central thinking in this volume
The core of this volume: shaping the "home of the tragedy" plume, revealing the historical pattern of the "death of the powerful, of the lost."。
- affirmation of the qin's first victory (“never tasted in the recent past”) and of the queshu's bravery and noble spirit。
- criticism of the fatal defects that it has just used, superstitious force, incompetence and incompetence。
- the rise and fall of the plume, stating: the strength of the world, its wisdom, its humanity and its people; and individual heroism。
Iii. Overview and exchange
Phase i: youngsters' commitment, wu chinese soldiers (former 232 - former 209)
- origin: famous, typhus, male and female, and then the world became zhu qin, burying the pen。
- children's miracles: they can't learn a book or a sword: “the book is enough to bear a name, the sword is one enemy, the sword is not enough, they are not enough, they are many”; and they watch the qin emperor's nam tour and say, “absolutely, yes, yes, yes” and they are bold。
- combat against qin: in the first 209 years, chen seung-gwang rebelled, and feng liang and feng yu killed the emperor, at the rate of 8,000 jiang dongzi, 24 years old。
Read: the youth of yu yu is so ambitious and careless, and the ambition of the “massive enemy” is bound to be ordinary, but the character of “failure to learn” also carries with it the danger of impatience and indecency。
Phase ii: breaking the ship, megatron (former 208 - former 206)
- killed in the first 208 years, when his enemy died, lord yu took over chu army and became the central commander。
- the battle of the deer (former 207): feng yu killed general song yi, who was unable to see, and saved zhao by 50,000 soldiers, broke down the canoe, burned the roof, held food for three days, and fought nine times to crush the qin army's might。
- in xianyang, the hongmen feast: in the previous 206 years, feng yu had entered shibuya, where he was stationed, and liu bang had gone to xianyang, where he wanted to go. At hongmen's feast, feng yu was indecisive, he couldn't bear to kill liu bang, let the tiger go to the mountain, and fan sighs “stands are inadequate and conspiring”。
- to divide the world and to establish itself as a self-sufficient king: feng yu killed the baby of the qin prince, burned down the palace, and divided the country into 18 roads, and became a co-owner of the world。
Read: the battle of the deer was the culmination of lord yu's military campaign, and the battle of the “down in the canoe” showed its courage; but the seeds of destruction have been planted by the kindness of the women of the hongmen feast, the retrogression of the seals, the brutal defeat of the burning palace。
Phase iii: cheo-han vs. Cheuk-han, which was transformed (former 206 - former 202)
- the battle in peng city (formerly 205): liu bong led 560,000 coalition forces to attack peng city, and feng yu led to the return of 30,000 elites, broke down the han army half a day, killed more than 100,000 enemies, left the water empty and created a military miracle, but failed to eliminate liu bong completely。
- strategic failures, family defections: feng yu has become self-serving, cynical and alienated, leading to fan's anger leaving and dying, while han xin, chen ping, yingbuk and others have defected to han and have been left alone。
- convergence between the divide and the loss of war planes: for several years, mr. Chu han has spent less of his soldiers eating, and has agreed with liu bang that the divide is the boundary between china and china, leading to the return of the soldiers; liu has followed zhang liang, chen ping's proposal, and has gone back on the track。
Read: yae yu is a tactical genius, a strategic dwarf, a country that fights well, does not govern well, is a country that is heavy on force and light on heart. Liu bang is not brave, but he is a man who works well, understands the hearts of the people, is patient, listens to counsel。
Phase iv: tragic songs, ujiang himself (former 202)
- under the siege: in the previous 202 years, the coalition forces of liu bong, han xin, peng hong and inbu were under the siege, and the troops of chu broke their hearts。
- quixie: in lord yu's night drink, the sad song is: "standing up the mountain, it's not going to work. "i'm in danger." yu ji is self-defeating, heroic, sad。
- the east side fast war: with a maximum of 800 horsebacks and only 28 ridings left in the east side, the three-hundredth of the han army, the three-hundredth of the three-hundredth battles and the decapitation of the banners, showed courage。
- u. J. Has fled to u. K., where he urged him to cross the river again, and to say, “how am i to die and how am i to cross the river with 8,000 of my sons? How can i see no one today。
Interpretation: to ujiang is the culmination of the tragedy. The death of feng yu will be a fate rather than a personal and political error; he will die rather than pass through the culture of jiangdong, which has created an impressive image of his ancient tragic hero。
Iv. Deliberation of the core points
1. No success or failure hero: the value of a tragic hero
To break the prejudices of the "scrambling and losing" and to establish a culture for the losers, the core of which is recognition of the personal values and historical merit of lord yu:
- elimination of the qin's first victory: the battle of the deer overcomes the qin army and is a decisive force for overthrowing the qin army, which will die in vain。
- the festival of nobility: in stark contrast to liu bang's smooth work, he has died with great respect, and he has been willing to die rather than die, to do nothing but steal his life。
- gloriousness of human nature: bravery, propriety, debauchery, no conspiracies, cruelty but not hypocrisy, are true heroes。
2. Death of the powerful: limits of individual heroism
Sema moved to criticize the core of the yu: “to fight for self-serving and self-serving minds, and to be the master of the land, to fight for the world”。
- superstition of force and ignorance of the rule of state: to think that it is possible to rule the world with courage, to ignore institution-building and the hearts and minds of the people, to fight the world and not to guard it。
- a man who has just used himself for his own good and is not a man: he is a man of his own will, he is a man of his own mind, he is a man of his word, he is a man of his word, he is a man of his own。
- brutal loss of hearts and minds: murder, burning of palaces, slaughtering of cities, disrespect for the people, loss of hearts and minds, and loss of hearts and minds。
3. Destiny and people: history is a failure
The death of feng yu, who shouted “i am a dead man, a crime not of war”, was directly criticized by samma, stressing that the success or failure of history depended on people, not fate。
- the defeat of feng yu is the inevitable result of a lack of character, a political error, a failure of the hearts of the people, not of the will of god。
- liu bang's victory is the result of good use of people's hearts and minds, and an example of how people can prevail。
- in this way, it is clear that history is created by human beings and that individual mobility can affect history, but must be responsive to the people and times。
Differences in the offensive: the need for a “kind” rather than a “riot” to govern the world
It is by force, and it is still by force, and it is not understood that “the attack is different”。
- qin died of tyranny and, instead of learning its lesson, qin did not lose its brutality。
- sema has taken advantage of the rise and fall and has warned the rulers of succeeding generations that force can be used in the world and that it is necessary to govern, serve the people, and be wise。
V. Historical events and personality evaluations
Major historical events
1. The army of wu china (former 209) began its fight against qin and opened the road to its eradication。
2. The battle of the deer (formerly 207): the eradication of qin's key battles, the destruction of its territory, the emergence of its name in the first world war, and the establishment of its hegemony。
3. Hongmen (former 206): as a turning point in chuhan's struggle, feng yu returned to the mountain and missed the opportunity to kill liu bang liang。
4. Separated (former 206): self-sufficient king west chubas, re-established and divided, burying the rebels in danger。
The battle in peng city (formerly 205): the military miracle of 30,000 to 560,000 failed to change strategic disadvantage。
6. Underlying (former 202): the loss of the army was marked by the loss of the army, the destruction of the military heart。
7. The ujiang region, which has lived since the beginning of the decade (pre-202): the tragedy has ended, with a desire to die and a sense of joy。
Core person evaluation
Lord yu
Qin's first victory, the battle of the deer over the qin army; qing qi qi qi qi, the cold weapon age, “the age of the year”; and qin qi qian qi qi, who prefers death to death to death。
- fault: 1 has just been used, has not listened to counsel and has not been good at using people; 2 has been superstitious, does not know the rule of the country and has been brutal and has lost their hearts; 3 has been indecisive, and liu bong was given a meal and lost his chance; 4 has been retrogressed, the county has been shut down and has broken down。
- general: military genius, political midgets; tragic hero, age-old. He was a shooting star, short-lived but luminous, whose personality and historical lessons affected china for 2,000 years。
Liu bang
- advantages: 1 is for the good use of people, such as xiao ho, zhang liang, han xin and chen ping; 2 is for the hearts and minds of the people and for the purposes of the xianyang treaty, so that they do not disturb the people; 3 is forbade and humbled and burdened; 4 is for the good, listening to zhang liang and chen ping, taking control of the war planes。
- shortcomings: 1 town is a scoundrel, rich and cheap; 2 is a hypocritical, dyslexic, dyslexic and powerful。
- general comment: political master, practical monarch. Without the courage of the lord, he understood the hearts and minds of the people, used them well, adapted them, and finally won the world and began a 400-year-old han dynasty。
Fan qiang
- evaluation: lord yu's only best conspirator, who has long been wise and loyal and who has repeatedly advised him to kill liu bang, who has refused to listen, left in anger and died of illness. His departure is the key to the collapse of the yu group。
Impact on succeeding generations
1. The impact of literature: the chronology of tragic heroes van
- feng yu became one of the most classic tragic heroes in chinese literature, affecting numerous literary works。
- poetry: li qing-hyun, “to date, he has refused to cross jiangdong”, du jeong, “the children of jiang dong are so talented that they are not known” and mao zedong, “it is desirable to pursue the poor and not to be famous as a master of learning”。
- play: the opera "big pilgrim" brings the tragic love of feng yu and yu ji to the extreme。
Historic impact: “heros without success or loss” - hi. - hi. Watch
- relocation to the status of yuen, breaking the “successful and defeated” bias and setting up a historical pole of objectivity and integrity。
- to influence the evaluation of future history books: to see both the outcome and the process; to see both merit and personality。
3. Political implications: a deep perspective of governance
- to warn the rulers that force may be used against the world and cannot be used against it; and that there is a need for good governance, people's hearts and minds。
- to be an important case in which successive monarchs will reflect on tyranny, value the hearts of the people and use their talents。
Cultural impacts: “air festival” and “alternative” eternal topics
- lord yu is the symbol of the chinese national culture of the festival of the chinese nation。
- generating the eternal discussion of the “conservative vs practical adaptation”: is the ujiang self-serving or stubborn? Is it an alternative or an option? So far, it has been thought-provoking。
Military implications: the tactical spirit of “defeating”
- the battle of the deer, the “defeating ship”, has become an example of a military force that will never die, and has been drawn upon by countless militarists in future generations。
Vii. Classic texts
“the book is enough to bear its name. The sword is one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, one enemy, another enemy, one enemy, another enemy, one enemy, one enemy, another enemy, another enemy, another enemy, one enemy, another enemy, another enemy.”
- interpretation: written only by name, only by one sword, not worth learning, but by the power of the enemy。
- meaning: jeong yu's ambition and carelessness are bound to be ordinary。
“alternatively!”
I can take his place
- meaning: to speak openly, to be bold, to be ambitious, to be opposed to qin。
“down” (ibid.)
