Chapters 1, 1 and 3 theories of labour market segmentation, section 1 of the theoretical of labour market segmentation, section 1 of the theory of labour market segmentation, overview of the theory of labour market segmentation, overview of the theory of labour market segmentation. Theories of labour market segmentation arose and developed in the reasoning of neoclassical labour market division with that of neoclassical labour market theory. Show it up. According to the theory of labor division, the neoclassical neoclassical labor market theory does not explain well the labour market theory does not explain the widening income gap of workers and the widening gap of discrimination in the labour market and the discrimination in the labour market. The theory of labour market segmentation emphasizes the attributes of labour market segmentation, the system and society, and the theory of labour market segmentation
2. Reconciling the segmentation of the labour market, emphasizing the important impact of institutional and social factors on labour remuneration and employment. The important impact of sexual factors on labour remuneration and employment. The division of the labour market by applying the severability theory can significantly increase the ability to interpret reality by applying the severability theory to the interpretation of reality. Capacity. 3(i) what is (i) what is the labour market divided into labour markets: are constraints due to external institutional factors of a political, economic, etc., or internal factors of an economic nature, which divide the labour market into two or more different areas with different characteristics and different operating rules, different areas of wage determination mechanisms, job stability, worker advancement, and different areas of activity
3. There are clear differences in wage-fixing mechanisms, job stability, workers ' access to promotion, and the difficulty of workers moving between different markets. 4 (ii) the modern origins of the theory of labour market segmentation are, first, the study of urban labour and poverty in the united states in the 1960s, aimed at improving the human capital of each labour force to change its material wealth, but failed (piore, 1970) and, secondly, the support given by radical economists to the theory of “fragmentation” of the american working class as a political “block” (gordn, edwards and reich, 1982)5 (iii) the focus of the differential study of modern labour market segmentation theories: pay or mobility
4 disaggregated criteria: work, industry, sex, ethnic origin, age, etc.; research methodology: qualitative or quantitative, in sum, according to the two-dimensional split, a two-digit structure is always available, which is always available to indicate the first market (indicating the first market (primary markets) and secondary markets) and the second market (seco){\bord0\shad0\alphah3d}ndary security secoDifferences in ndary segments () (piore, 1970 piore, 1970). 6 (iv) the market of the basic characteristics of the dual labour market: higher wages, better working conditions, stable employment, good safety, regulation of the management process of the operation and greater opportunities for promotion. There are more rich people in the market. Secondary market: low wages, poor working conditions, no employment
5. Stability, arbitrary and brutal management, with no personal chances of promotion. There are more poor people in the market. The dividing line in the dual structure is primarily the remuneration of labour. In the secondary market, good education and training do not help to increase labour remuneration or even allow movement to the first market. The main emphasis is on the characteristics of work (demand side and institutional factors), rather than on the characteristics of workers (supply side and workers ' personal factors)72, and the basic view of labour market segmentation (1 1) wage determination mechanism. Labour market employers at the first level are large companies. Employers who are more likely to form the first level of the labour market are large companies and are more likely to form the internal labour market. Workers ' wages are determined by the internal labour market, and workers ' wages are paid by the rank of workers in their internal labour market, which is the rank of workers. If you decide, you can get the city
6. Higher wages. Employers in the secondary market consist of a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises (smes), employers in the shift from demand for products to the secondary market consist of a large number of smes, there are frequent changes in demand for products, enterprises are not interested in developing the internal labour market, wages are high, enterprises are not interested in developing the internal labour market, and wages are determined by the labour supply-demand relationship in the market between supply and demand of labour. It is decided to move towards a fixed level. 8 (2. 2) the role of investment in human capital labour catch. The labour force is educated only to enter the first level of the market and to provide the employer with a training potential, but only to enter the first level of the market and to provide the employer with a signal of a high training potential. Big signal. Those with little education are considered to have low training potential
7. Those who are able to work and who are poorly educated are considered to have low training potential and can only occupy the end of the labour ladder or remain in the secondary labour market. At the end of the power ladder or on the secondary labour market. The quality and preferences of the labour force itself 9 (3 3) the quality and preferences of the labour force the second-tier labour market workers tend to be lazy, timeless, non-secondary labour market workers tend to be lazy, timeless and uncooperative, which is incompatible with the requirements of the first-tier market. Behavioural characteristics such as ease of cooperation are incompatible with the requirements of the first level of market. It is therefore difficult for those employed in the secondary market to enter the first market, even if they find ways to improve their education, even if they do so. Reasons for the division of the labour market, as a result of discrimination and cultural practices
8. Non-productive factors (e. G. Gender, age, ethnicity, religion, appearance, height, birth, name, etc.) discriminate when they achieve positive or negative values in the labour market. Labour market segmentation as a result of technological advances and competitive factors industry barriers, trade associations and other restrictions on the entry of firms and outsiders into the industry have contributed to the formation of the first and second labour markets. Where there is stable demand for products and technological progress, enterprises will choose capital-intensive production methods to employ workers for productive activities in the first level of the labour market; if demand for products is unstable, enterprises will choose labour-intensive production methods to employ workers for productive activities in the second level of the labour market. This creates a division of labour between enterprises facing market stability for products and those facing market instability for products. 24. 4. Life cycle change in industry
9- life-cycle changes in industry, with large-scale transfers of enterprises between industries limited by the current level of technology and market size, have resulted in enterprises remaining in sunset industries and employing workers in the secondary labour market; at the same time, workers who lag behind the demands of new industries form low-skilled groups and remain in the secondary labour market. The expansion of the size of an enterprise has linked jobs to pay for work. Large enterprises use the operating mechanisms of the internal labour market, setting up work ladders, emphasizing incentives, introducing bureaucratic controls to replace market-based controls and becoming agents of the manufacturing level labour market. Large enterprises have the capacity to control product markets, making it possible to implement long-term development strategies and provide generous labour remuneration. 6. Institutional divisions resulting from policy regulations, such as urban and rural household registration systems, are typical cases:
10. Workers, such as cleaners and drivers, have secondary market characteristics both within and outside the enterprise. Workshop producers, if replaced by machines, are at risk of degradation into secondary markets. The means of protection they have adopted are: the absorption of semi-manuals to increase bargaining power and the use of internal market mechanisms to discourage outside labour. Iv. Innovations in the theory of labour market segmentation (lms) (i) see the labour market as the same person receiving different wages for different jobs (i) as the same person obtaining different wages for different jobs, and therefore the quality of the labour force is not the only reason for higher wages in the first-tier market. Without denying the overall difference in the quality of the labour force in both markets, it is critical that the wage gap is much higher than the labour quality difference and that the causal relationship between labour remuneration and labour quality is inversely proportional. The relationship between job stability and the quality of the labour force is the same
16 (ii) concerned about the impact of the product market on the labour market, where demand exceeds supply and where trade union organizations exist, the role of the labour market depends on the characteristics of the product market, which is influenced by changes in demand, employer power and production technology; the internal labour market is largely not determined by the production and process processes, but depends on the regulatory strategies and power relations within the enterprise. 17 (iii) the theory of labour market segmentation has broadened the scope of the study to consider preference and public policy as internal variables. In this way, different interpretations and conclusions can be obtained, such as: the main reasons for job instability are the mismatch between the characteristics of workers and those of work; and the high rate of separation of secondary market workers due to the experience of job instability. The main reason for the long stay of young workers and married women in the secondary labour market is their subordinate status in the family and society. Section ii. The division of the different types of labour market in the country the system of division of the urban-rural segmentation of the system of division of the urban-rural segmentation of the market in the urban market of the urban market of the rural market of the urban market of the rural market of the urban market of the rural market of the rural market of the market of the market of the rural market of the market of the market of the market of the rural market of the market of the rural market of the market of the market of the rural market of the market of the market of the rural market of the market of the market of the market of the market of the market of the market of the formal market of the part of the market of the country the question of subjugation of the formal market of the market of the region of the region of the country the question of the use of a practical case to analyse how changes in the life cycle of the industry have led to the division of the labour market. What obstacles would be faced by particular types of work, such as cleaners and drivers, to market entry at the first level? It is well known that the employment situation of university students is serious, and what are your expectations for future entry into the labour market
