Let us start with an old gun that was produced almost a century ago。
Zh-29, a legendary semi-automatic rifle designed by the legendary gun designer emanuel khalek of the czech brono weapons factory. Harlik himself designed a closed-air and conductor structure with a similar legendary light machine gun zb-26, which, in fact, was not structurally unique to the earlier semi-automatic rifles, but rather an automatic “embolition rifle with a pole”. The gun had been exported to china in the 1930s (the northeast army of zhang), and zhang had hoped that the northeast weapons factory would be enough to imitate the gun, but that would not happen with the outbreak of the 918 incident。
Zh-29 semi-automatic rifle
Fortunately, the author was exposed to a zh-29 semi-automatic rifle for a number of reasons. The rifle, which appeared to have no bright spot, struck the pen in the instant it was removed. In the 1930s, when workers at the bruno weapons factory used the old hand-held bed to process the rifle, they should not have thought that, almost a century later, the rifle was still clean, and that the impact on several professionals present was enormous。
I've had the privilege of dismantling a zh-29 machine, a gun machine that has been fresh for almost a century
If friends with knowledge of the machine-processing industry are concerned, they should understand the complexity and difficulty of using the old-style machine bed to process the surface roughness of metal works to a level of light as new. The introduction of modern processing equipment, particularly digital control systems, has, of course, greatly reduced the difficulty of processing the work and increased the consistency and good quality of the work in the process。
For the first time, an advanced digital processing centre had been established, and for the first time a well-developed digital processing system had been developed. But why is that。
The 9mm calibre of the 9mm machine gun, the composition of which was taken by the author, showed visible marks of carwring, with a surface of less rough than the zh-29 above. Machine
It is true that the roughness of the surface of the machine-gun component does not affect the performance of a 9 mm pistol, advances in technical means and material processes, and that the 92 type pistols must have met the criteria for military standards when designed. What the writer wants to say today is not a 92-type machine, but a cartridge。
Many friends have learned from different sources that the 92 type pistols have failed repeatedly after they entered service. Subject to domestic conditions, very few people are able to test the problem systematically. This is compounded by the fact that the reports of relevant testing agencies and user units have added a lot of mystery to the phenomenon。
The author had the privilege of conducting some simple comparative tests on the issue with several friends, and hoped that some clarification would be given to the current media rumours about the delivery of 92 pistols. The test environment is not rigorous and the results are for reference purposes only。
The author chose a relatively well-maintained 92-mm pistol (9 mm version), an export-type 9mm pistol and two other 9mm pistols, and 9*19 pistol training cartridges produced by day and day company. Of these, 92 pistols were selected to be equipped with several brand-new, but not original, cartridges。
During the course of the tests, each pistol cartridge was loaded with a training bullet, which was installed in a pistol in a normal state and in an empty hanger. The kit was then pulled and the training in the cartridge was manually ejected。
The 92-style pistol was tested using its accompanying cartridges and seven others. The results of the test indicated that the magazines could be successfully pushed into the cartridge wells, provided that the aircraft were hanged, and could be successfully pumped into the cartridge wells if it was unloaded. However, in normal conditions, only this 92 type pistol-marked cartridge was able to be installed more easily in a single installation. Of the other seven test magazines, four can be installed using “special methods” and successfully delivered, while three can hardly be installed to complete the delivery。
Test type
Pistol 92 under normal installation
Unequipped 92 pistols in cartridges
The 92nd handgun was loaded, and you can see a yellow trainer in the chamber
A failed 92nd pistol, loaded and pulled again, and there was no trainer in the chamber
Subsequently, the author sought three different 9mm pistols produced by the northern industries company for testing. Subject to conditions, only one of the three pistols had an additional completely new test cartridge. As in the test of the 92-type pistols described above, the three pistols were tested for loading in their normal condition and in their empty hanger. The results showed that all three pistols were properly loaded and that there was no problem of changing magazines on the 92-type pistols that could not be filled smoothly。
Nationally produced single-row 9mm pistol, stable in the test and successfully passed
A type of domestically produced 9mm pistol, designed with two rows of monolithics, is relatively stable. However, the gun had failed in 2016 in the national special police force
It's a national 9mm. It's a classic design
That's the test, but what's the reason for this malfunction? After discussions with friends in the relevant professions, the author believes that the double-loading form used for the 92 pistols is one of the reasons for this failure. However, there are certain questions, such as the 56-type submachine gun, or the more familiar ak-47, which is also in the form of a double-barrel, why is the same failure not on ak-47
First, it needs to be made clear that the double-edged form of delivery, when thrusted into the chamber, the bulletballs experienced movement in two directions, namely vertically and horizontally. In the form of a double lined one-way delivery, the horizontal direction is less resilient when the thrust is loaded. The dynamics process is simpler, and naturally the thrusting is simpler. There is therefore a need for greater reliability。
One of the above-mentioned 9mm pistols, designed using two rows of one-size-fits-all, can be seen as having a relatively simple delivery process
The delivery of 9mm version 92 is relatively complicated
Returning to ak-47, as an assault rifle, the structural design space and the agency's motion and movement were more powerful than the 92-style as a pistol. Pistol structures are clearly more intensive than assault rifles and require greater cooperation on official duty. That is precisely why the use of cartridges with pistols of the 92nd type does not lend itself to problems, and the main reason is that once other non-standardized magazines have been replaced, they are very easily problematic in the delivery chain。
In order to meet the precision of the co-operation, the 92-type pistols are adapted to the general mass magazines to facilitate their adaptation to the firearms they accompany. The reliability of even more complex double-loads of live ammunition can be assured when official cooperation requirements are met. In the case of empty containers, which are filled directly, for design reasons, they require lower official co-operation than in normal conditions and are more easily loaded and reasonably fit。
Of course, the author needs to state here that the test environment for the author is not very strict, especially with regard to the three different 9mm pistols used for the comparison, which are accompanied by less than complete rigour, nor by the method of comparison. Nor is the author a staff member of the agency concerned, except by coincidence, who can participate in the test, and the results are for information purposes only。
At the outset, i mentioned the gun machine process of zh29, which would inevitably affect the reliability of the entire industrial product. Good process processes and process design can be both effective in improving the processing economy and reducing the failure rate of products。
The failure of the 92-type pistols on magazines and on the delivery of ammunition could be adjusted and completely circumvented by the process, leaving aside the shortcomings of the design for some concepts and perceptions. The authors have contacted machine processors in a number of relevant industries and are subject to inadequate management and remuneration in some enterprises, with a certain number of “work-in” products. Some of these products are small and “appears” do not affect the defects of use; some are inadequate for non-key indicators; or there are processes that are not designed to produce “appears” without harm. From the point of view of the quality control unit, these products do meet the requirements for quality inspection (the industrial manufactures produced in quantities, which, given the cost of production and the capacity to produce, are unlikely to be complete), but there is a certain gap between excellence and quality. These minor flaws may not affect normal practicality, but it is indeed difficult for such a “work-out” over the long term to promote the development of the relevant industries。
Another homemade 9mm pistol that was widely discussed on the internet, and the inside part of it is hard to describe
Back to the beginning, i would like to discuss here how to create a good automatic weapon。
First of all, the design should be based on natural patterns, rather than on traditional attitudes. Of particular note is the long-standing concept of “human adaptation” among our military and police. It is true that, in an era of inadequate industrial capacity and lack of research and development capacity in the country, the adaptation of people to equipment is certainly a sign of my hard and hard work. However, our equipment industry has changed dramatically with the development of the times. We have complete design and manufacturing systems, and we can follow international trends and design and produce new types of equipment. At this point in time, it is not practical for a single advocate to adapt his equipment。
The author does not say that a hard tradition does not need to be inherited, but rather that, in the current situation, some traditional views need to be abandoned. We already have a well-developed design and production system, which should give greater attention to human and functional efficiency, as well as to the idea of the unit of use, which, after all, is the person who has long had to deal with the equipment and who knows better than them what type of equipment he needs. This is a very good phenomenon, as i understand it, that some of the design units are now doing the same。
In addition to the production chain, it is believed that many people have seen a video of the production process of the t5,000 sniper rifle, that even mrs. Slav, who has always been wild, can turn a rifle into a work of art, with absolute confidence in the manufacturing capacity of the manufacturer concerned. But i believe that some attitudinal adjustments can greatly improve the reliability of our products. After all, the specificity of weapons systems is self-evident compared to other products。
Finally, dict was thanked for the 9mm coaches they had brought and for the help it had provided to the author during the test. Thanks were extended to the unit that supplied the gun for the test. Photo copyright is shared by dict and pens。
