The lubrication system is the most important auxiliary work system for the engine, and its working condition directly determines the size of its wear and tear. Let me tell you today, how does the lubrication system work
Why do engines need lubrication? Because there was friction. So what's friction? First of all, the knowledge about friction。
The surface of any component has a certain degree of surface roughness. When the engine works, friction and wear are inherent in the flow parts relative to the motion surface. The resistance generated by friction, on the other hand, requires both the consumption of power, the obstruction of the movement of the parts, the heating of the parts and even the burning of the surface of the parts. Therefore, lubrication must be performed on the friction surface of the parts. This means adding a layer of lubricant to the working surface of the two parts to form the oil membrane, separating the parts completely from each other and in a state of complete liquid friction. In this way, power consumption and wear will be significantly reduced。
Motion: slide friction and roll friction
Silent friction and motion friction
Dry friction, border friction, mixed friction, liquid friction
The purpose of the lubrication system is to reduce friction resistance, power consumption and wear and tear of machinery in order to improve the reliability and durability of engines by continuously transmitting sufficient quantities of cleaner oil at the right temperature to the friction surface of the entire drive and by forming a film between the friction surfaces。
As the conditions for engine drivers vary, different lubricants are used for loads and for drivers with different relative motion speeds。
1. Pressure lubrication: pressure lubrication is a method of lubricating oils into friction surfaces under a certain pressure. This method is used primarily for the lubrication of the heavy-loaded friction surface, such as the main bearing, the collage bearing and the cam bearing。
Splash lubrication: the method of lubrication of the surface of the lubricated oil dropps or mist lubricated oil lubricating when the motor works. This method is mainly used to lubricate lighter-loaded cams, poles, air-gate poles and working surfaces of spare parts such as air-cylinder walls and gas distribution units。
Lubricant lubricating: work surfaces of the lubricating parts, such as water pumps and generator bearings, through regular lubricating of lubricant。
The lubrication system consists of oil pumps, oil filters, oil coolers, filters, valve components, etc. In addition, the lubrication system includes oil pressure tables, temperature tables and oil pipelines. The oil routes of modern car engine lubrication systems are approximately the same。
Map of engine lubricants
Automobile engine lubricants include oil and lubricants
Effects of oil:
1. Lubrication: the oils form continuous oil membranes between all friction surfaces of the sports parts in order to reduce frictions between the parts。
2. Refrigeration: the oil flows through the working surface of the spare parts during the cycle and reduces the temperature of the parts。
Cleaning: the oil may take the scrapped metal from the friction surface and wash the carbon deposited on the cylinders, pistons, pistons and other parts。
Seal: the oil membrane attached to the gas cylinder wall, piston and piston ring serves as a sealproof leak。
5. Rusty control: the oil has the effect of preventing the erosion of parts。
In fact, the oil works more than that, and it's a lot of things and complexity, and we'll talk about it later。
The oil pump is the most important component of the lubrication system and its function is to ensure that oil flows through the lubrication system and that sufficient quantities of oil can be delivered to the lubricant area under sufficiently high pressure at any turn of the engine。
The oil pump structure can be divided into gear and rotor forms。
The advantages of a gear pump are efficiency, low power loss and reliable work; the disadvantages are the need for an intermediate transmission facility with a correspondingly high manufacturing cost。
The advantages of a rotor-type oil pump are a compact structure with a large supply of oil, evenly balanced oil supply, low noise and a high vacuum of ingestion. The current engine uses rotor pumps extensively。
The function of oil filters is to filter metal grinding, mechanical impurities and oil oxides from oil. These impurities, if accompanied by oil, enter the lubrication system, will increase wear and tear of engine parts and may also jam pipelines or oil lanes。
There are two ways in which oil is filtered: full-flow and diversion. Whole-stream oil filters are linked between the oil pumps and the main channel, so all the oil is filtered through it. Full-flow oil filters are now widely used in cars。
Whole-stream oil filters, the full-stream filters used in modern car engines are mostly filters. The oil enters the centre of the filter from the outer edge of the paper filter core and then the main channel of the body through the flow of the oil. The impurities are stopped on the filter core while the oil flow is filtered. Paper filter cores are made from micro-pore filters that are treated with phenol resin, which are of high intensity, better corrosive and damp resistant. Paper cores have the advantages of light quality, small size, simple structure, good filtering, low resistance and low cost, and are widely applied. It has a side valve, which is opened when paper cores are blocked and oil is not filtered directly into the main engine channel to prevent engine damage due to inadequate lubricants. However, the oil is not filtered at this time and contains a certain amount of impurities, and there is still some damage to the engine, which is a “mutual power of light” to replace the oil core in time to prevent further damage to the engine. Some low-quality filter cores, inappropriately adjusted by the adjoining valve pressure, leave the adjoining valve open early or late, do not properly adjust the pressure of the lubrication system and do not perform the desired filtering. So, oil filters have to choose the real one。
On the lubrication system, there are also valve components whose main function is to limit or protect system pressure, to protect the lubricant system components and to prevent the return of lubricants。
Pressure limit valves: loaded on an engine pump cap. The effect is to limit the maximum pressure in the lubrication system
Thrust valve: on the filter. If the filter core is blocked by impurities, the engine oils go directly into the main channel with a valve on the side to ensure that the engine parts have sufficient lubricants。
Leach filter into the oil limit valve: on the filter. When the oil pressure on the lubricant road is less than 100 kpa, the entry limit valve does not open and the oil filtration unit ceases to work to ensure that the oil pressure in the main channel is sufficient。
Oil-dispersor safety valves: on the oil-dispersor. When the oil pressure is above 400 kpa, the oil radiator safety valve is activated, causing some of the oil to be spilled through the valve into the shell to prevent the dispersor damage。
The role of these valves in the system is crucial, and the damage or failure of a particular valve results in a loss of balance in the pressure of the lubrication system, thereby causing a malfunction of the lubrication system and damage to the engine。
On high performance high-power reinforced engines, oil coolers must be installed because of the heat load. The oil coolers are placed in the lubricant road and work in the same way as the heaters。
Engine oil coolers are divided into wind and water coolers. Due to the small size of the oil cooler in the water cooler, which is easily fitted and does not cause excessive cooling and the temperature of the oil to stabilize, it is more widely applied in cars。
