The issue of rural revitalization has been widely discussed for the year since the rural renewal strategy was introduced. The emergence of “urban returns” and “rural old age” for urban people, as well as the bias of public resources towards small and medium-sized cities, small towns and rural areas, are manifestations of integrated rural-urban development。
At the end of the question-and-answer session on rural renewal, a number of comments were received from netizens about the observation and perception of rural change over the years, while also raising their own thoughts and questions。
From this we have selected a series of questions that are of great interest, asking experts, academics and entrepreneurs in the industry together to see their answers。
What are the opportunities and challenges of rural development
The rural renewal strategy, which sets out the general requirements for a flourishing industry, eco-habilitation, rural civilization, effective governance and well-being, provides a very large space for the development of new industries in rural areas and new arenas for entrepreneurs。
At present, in order to attract talent and investment, there are many places where very favourable policies have been put in place, favourable entrepreneurship conditions have been provided and opportunities have been created for brain-washing。
In rural areas, green and green mountains, gardening, rural culture, and turkish products are very attractive to consumers. Every year, on holidays, large numbers of urban dwellers travel to rural areas, towns, zhou zhou, etc., but most of our villages are still unknown. The lack of external funding has resulted in many rural areas having a good view, but the problem is also serious and lacked construction and maintenance。
Despite the problems of cards, pressure, etc., in the current entrepreneurial environment in our rural areas, land and pro-farm financial services are unleashing policy dividends. For example, the “triple power-sharing” reform of housing bases, with nearly 300 million acres of residential bases throughout the country, one third of which is idle, will bring about significant development space if these resources are used properly. For example, the central pro-farm financial services policy, where farmers ' home bases and houses were not mortgaged in the past, and where reforms were piloted, mortgages are now available, providing good institutional guarantees for future rural construction。
How can farmers transform to meet new opportunities for rural renewal
It has been said that there are blue collars, white collars and gold collars in the city, and that new farmers can be called “green collars”。
How do we grow a new green collar? As a result of policy calls, a number of urban populations have gone to the countryside, while another group of farmers, who have worked in the city for three or five years, have also returned to start their own businesses and become new ones. The state has also trained many agricultural technicians and specialists. At the same time, i hope that our entrepreneurs will be mobilized to train “new farmers” with our actions。
Modern agriculture depends not only on the elderly, middle-aged, but also on young people. With new patterns, policies and trends, a group of knowledge youth in cities will volunteer to rural areas. What i am talking about here is not policy, not government mobilization, but voluntarism, because the countryside is a vast place where much can be done. This is to bring modern agriculture, modern internet technology, modern science and technology, knowledge to rural areas and empower young people。
How can rural revitalization get on the fast-track of a digital, shared economy
If, in the past, the contribution of the new economy to rural development has been an unintentional process, the coming years will need to be ploughed。
There is considerable room for improvement in this regard. For example, infrastructure development to accelerate the new economy and digital transformation of rural areas. It is now important to build a broad rural e-commerce development infrastructure, as required by the plan, and to accelerate the development of a system of standards adapted to the development of agricultural producers。
This is in addition to accelerating the digital transformation of rural areas, where conditions encourage the creation of digital rural areas and their gradual extension to the national level, thereby reducing the urban-rural data gap. In this regard, we have the conditions to bend over。
In addition, rural and urban resource flows have been broken and, subject to planning, capital from the new economy has been encouraged and supported. Encourage all types of capital, especially those for new economic development, to enter rural areas and to utilize their vital resources in a manner consistent with planning. For example, the development of shared farms in many forms and the formation of a community of interests between farmers and investors can attract large amounts of capital and lead to rural development。
Finally, institutional innovation to accelerate rural renewal and reduce institutional transaction costs for new rural economic development. For example, the accelerated clean-up of regulations governing the administrative approval of new industrial developments in rural areas, and the introduction of reforms in rural deregulation, have created a liberal institutional environment for new industrial developments。
Development requires money, and how can rural financial services break down “intestine barriers”
Rural credit is difficult and expensive, both because of the lack of effective collateral and a sound credit environment in rural areas as demand-sides, and because financial institutions as suppliers are unable to provide financial goods and services according to the characteristics of rural farming. The “intestine barriers” that facilitate the revitalization of financial services in rural areas must remain issue-oriented and promote institutional innovation at both the demand and supply levels。
On the demand side, the first is to deepen the reform of the rural collective property system and to improve the mobility of collective property rights in an orderly manner. The revision of existing laws, such as the law on property rights, the law on guarantees and the law on land management, should be expedited, and the elaboration of a collective economic organization for rural communities should be studied as soon as possible in order to empower rural communities. Second, strengthening the normative management of new business owners. (c) encourage and direct new agricultural operators, such as family farms and farmers ' professional cooperatives, to improve business management, improve financial books and increase transparency in business information. Third is the strengthening of the rural credit environment。
On the supply side, the first is an incentive constraint for innovative rural financial institutions. Guidance on rural revitalization of financial services is urgently being put in place. Implementation of the policy of incremental incentives for agricultural-related loans, differentiated regulation and appraisal of financial institutions with a certain proportion of agricultural-related operations, and promotion of the return of rural financial institutions. The second is innovative rural financial products and services. Actively developing supply chains and industrial chain finance by playing the role of leading firms in enhancing the trust of farmers upstream in the industrial chain. Actively developing farmers' credit loans by playing an empowering role for village cadres, new village masters and others. Focusing on developing inclusive finance in rural areas. Third is innovative rural financial market access mechanisms. Improve access to village banks and improve their coverage in districts and townships. Expand the pilot of credit cooperation within farmers ' cooperatives。
Which pits should be avoided by developing rural tourism
One, two, three, for example, the development of tourism, and we should remain conscious. We can't just say that we're on tour. For example, in a place in the outskirts of chengdu, there are more than 100 administrative villages. If more than a hundred villages are fully touristed and have limited access, no one can develop。
Real tourism has taken place in about three or four villages, and other villages can develop together in the process by providing labour and quality agricultural products to tourist-developed villages。
How to get small farmers on a modern agriculture express
In the process of integration, small farmers should be able to access the fast-tracks of modern agriculture and share the dividends of modern agricultural development。
This could take the form of a large company, the canon family. Socio-social services can also be developed before, during and after childbirth, so that smallholders are organically integrated with the elements of modern agriculture。
There were also many small farmers in japan, but the small farmers had entrusted themselves to aaap, which was responsible for delivering agricultural products to supermarkets and specialized stores. Small-scale farmers themselves engage in a number of simple agricultural activities, including now mechanized harvesting, seed extension and socialization services such as agricultural technology diffusion, all of which are outsourced. Small-scale farmers are sometimes only able to pour food in their fields with pockets。
It would be counterproductive not to create seedlings and not to allow small farmers to be displaced or modernized in the process。
How does urbanization relate to rural renewal
The relationship between urbanization and rural renewal is simply “and different”。
The “different” aspect of urbanization and rural revitalization suggests that one policy cannot replace another and that one strategy cannot achieve another. Urbanization and rural revitalization have a more “peaceful” side, which is intrinsically consistent in terms of fundamental objectives and paths to achievement。
I believe that urbanization and rural renewal are both cross-cutting and local issues. We cannot discuss urbanization and rural renewal in isolation from rural-urban relations in specific areas, but rather should discuss and deal with them in a time- and context-specific manner。
Recently, i went to the golden mountains and mount treasures around the shanghai metropolitan circle and did feel the opposite of urbanization. These local urban boundaries have been defined, and the core cities are expected to improve their urban performance, while at the same time promoting the development of the entire urban circle and achieving urban-rural symbioticity through the urban resource factor, which is being driven by rural radiation。
The situation is different in some provincial capitals in the central region. The main aspects of these local contradictions are the development of small and medium-sized cities and small towns in the vicinity, as well as the development of centres. With the growth and growth of the urban circle, the farmers became citizens, the villages became suburban, the villages were integrated and the villages were revitalized。
There are pockets of poverty in the centre and west, and rural revitalization lacks adequate resources. The displacement of people from these areas, the presence of rural migrant workers in the north and in the provincial capital have brought them out of poverty. The path of alien urbanization has helped poor areas to develop road leaders and create a beautiful environment, which has created conditions for future rural renewal。
So i think the basic principle in dealing with the relationship is to be realistic, to carefully analyse the combination of urbanization and rural renewal, to distinguish between mainstream and tributaries in different regions, to find the main and secondary contradictions and then to develop the corresponding responses。
What's the future of village revitalization
The capture of small farmers is the main contradiction with the big market. So how do we solve this contradiction? I think the key is to nurture new business players, but it's not overnight. This problem needs to be addressed as industrialization and urbanization expand in order to nurture and scale up business, while smallholders rely on it as a means of livelihood。
Family farmers, farmers ' cooperatives, and the leading agricultural industrial enterprises, together with the whole-industry service system, will provide the basis for rural renewal if this system is nurtured。
Rural revitalization must depend on science and technology. I have 13 years of experience with the director of the agricultural school and the secretary of the party in heilongjiang, and i feel deeply that china's agricultural aspirations are in science and technology, its potential, its way out, and its technology, so that rural renewal must also depend on science and technology. As a major agricultural power, our agricultural science and technology is lagging behind and the transformation of results is not enough。
So in 2006, i put forward the idea that “the papers are written on the ground and the results remain in the farmers' house”. I hope that scientists will not grow crops on the blackboard, but will actually translate the results of our research into the ground。
Only by science and technology can our agriculture be internationalized; only if the village is revitalized can farmers lead a happy and better life and be dignified。
To change. There is a “triple-turn” in rural revitalization: the first is a paradigm shift, the second is a kinetic shift and the third is a governance transition。
In addition to the three transformations, rural revitalization needs to be guided by village planning and gradual. Not all villages need to be revitalized or villages need to be “retired”. At the same time, two teams of cadres and farmers, one from cadres and the other from farmers, will be trained and will focus on farmers ' right to development。
