The three-north project carries with it a major historical mission to construct an ecological safety barrier in the north. The promotion of the greening of the land through scientific afforestation is both a practical step towards the implementation of the national master plan for critical ecosystem conservation and rehabilitation and a strategic option for achieving the ecological transformation of the three north project. Science is engaged in afforestation by maintaining the dynamic balance between water resources and vegetation by “greening with water” and “greening with water”, by optimizing the spatial layout of the land, exploring the complex use of land resources, by maintaining harmony between humans and nature, striking the balance between artificial intervention and natural recovery, breaking the single-factor governance model and moving towards a system-based model of coordinated governance, with practical action to implement the governance concept of mountain watery fields and lake lawn systems。
In order to take full advantage of the leading role of science and technology in the three-north war, on the occasion of the tree planting festival, three experts from the chinese institute of forestry science, hong chong, ray sang-dong and ju ya-chun, from the party, have been invited to speak to the public about the scientific approach to afforestation in the context of their respective construction goals in the highlands of science and technology, and have called on society as a whole to participate actively in the compulsory planting of trees for all and to grow trees for the three north。
Moderator:
Song ping, engineer, china forest science institute
Guest:
Pk hong chong, a researcher at the institute of ecological conservation and restoration, is a long-standing researcher on the protection of forest systems in arid and semi-arid areas. He is a senior technical expert in the nbs/ncs model area of the kubuzi desert, built by the chinese linko house in the yellow river “twirth” offensive。
Rey shundong, a researcher at the resource information institute, has long been engaged in research on forest growth models and simulations, multi-functional adaptive forest operations and planning techniques, and is a leading expert in vegetation restoration techniques and highlands, which was deployed by the linko house of china in the two major sand-fighting battles, koljun and misindaq。
Juyadian, research fellow, institute of ecological conservation and restoration, long-standing research in desert vegetation ecology, a tower built by the linko institute of china on the western corridor of the takrama desert on the edge of the resistance. Senior expert in science and technology highlands at the model eco-governance area on the southern edge of the kramakan desert。
North china
Green with water, green with water
Most of the northern part of china is located in semi-arid sub-humid areas, with a wide range of pro bono tree species suitable for planting. The scientific path is to create a “positive intervention-natural response” mechanism to create the basic conditions for the self-rehabilitation potential of ecosystems through artificial measures
The party believes that the “ten north” project carries with it a major historical mission to construct an ecological safety barrier in the north, and that promoting the greening of the land through scientific afforestation is both a practical step towards the implementation of the national master plan for critical ecosystem protection and rehabilitation of major projects and a strategic option for achieving the ecological transformation of the “ten north” project. He stressed that the dynamic balance between water resources and vegetation should be built on a combination of “green with water” and “green with water”, that the territorial spatial layout should be optimized, that the complex use of land resources should be explored, that people should live in harmony with nature, that the balance between artificial intervention and natural recovery should be grasped, that the single element of governance should be broken, and that a concerted model of governance based on systemic thinking should be shifted to practical action to implement the governance concept of mountain water, forest and lake grass and sand systems。
The essence of vegetation construction in arid zones lies in the re-establishment of a healthy cycling network of precipitation-surface water-ground water-ground water-ecological water. The key to “water-based green” and “green-to-green” is the establishment of a dynamic threshold management mechanism, with vegetation density caps based on total water resources, and the enhancement of the system's water cycle capacity through the rational allocation of vegetation. As the practice in the ordos plateau has shown, the construction of low-covered sarin solidification of water-saving native species such as lemon strips and saloons could reduce total evaporation by 23 per cent per unit of land, while increasing precipitation seepage by 18 per cent。
In national spatial planning, sufficient space is set aside for ecological construction to break the dichotomy of “ecological-production” thinking. For example, an innovative land compatibility evaluation system is being built to achieve spatial efficiencies through the mosaicing of forest fields. He stated that the “triple gradient protection system” in the river plains was of exemplary value: the maim-coast fence adjacent to agricultural land could reduce surface wind speeds by 30-40 per cent; the meso-economic forest belt formed a temperate buffer that increased the effective temperature of maize during the male cycle by 20°c ~ 30°c; and the congeal trees and safrost cord protected forest belts built up high-rise sandproof barriers. This spatial configuration has resulted in a 25 per cent reduction in irrigation water for arable land and an increase of more than $800 in the acreage of the economy, with real systemic benefits of “greening into the field”. Monitoring data show that the carbon sink capacity of such complex ecosystems is 42 per cent higher than that of a single forest, confirming the eco-economic value of multifunctional land use。
The party has stressed that over-reliance on human inputs is costly and unsustainable, while exclusive reliance on natural recovery is difficult to meet the time-bound needs of ecological governance. The scientific path lies in the establishment of a “positive intervention-natural response” mechanism that creates the basic conditions through manual measures to stimulate the self-restoration potential of ecosystems. The thallium management practice at the southern edge of the thorusa indicates an average annual increase of 0. 12 per cent in soil organic content in the artificially intervention zone, and a 37 per cent increase in the index of arthropod diversity in the natural recovery zone. This model of “short-term manual intervention for building foundations and long-term natural recovery efficiency” has reduced vegetation restoration costs by 40 per cent and the ecosystem resilience index by 28 per cent, giving a vivid illustration of the co-ordinated governance wisdom。
According to the party, most of the northern part of china is situated in semi-arid sub-humid areas, and the area is home to a wide range of public-interest tree species that are suitable for planting in mountainous areas, including oil pines, hedgehogs, pine pines, pine leaves, clouds, yang trees, euphoria, beaks, beaks, euphemisms, sorghum trees, etc., as well as a wide range of shrubs such as sand thorns, lemon strips, willows, cloves, cloves and walnuts。
North-east
It's about "planting the trees" and "foresting the future."
In the north-eastern region, the spring planting time should be selected after the soil has been unfrozen until the tree has matured. A common “top-silver” approach, based mainly on native species, promotes the construction of mixed forests, taking into account such characteristics as longevity, food, honey and landscape
In his view, afforestation is important for the expansion of forest areas, the restructuring of tree species and the maintenance of ecological balance. He stressed that making the rich forest resources of the north-east more productive of forest “four reservoirs” would not only allow for the selection of tree planting times in the light of the long and cold winter weather conditions in the north-east, but also for the full-cycle design planning and raising of forests in the light of the long growth cycles of trees in the north-east。
According to rayon-dong, the spring planting time in the north-eastern region would have to be selected after the soil has been unfrozen until the tree has sprouts, around mid-april to early may, in connection with snow thickness and slow snow melting. “pulp silviculture” is a common method of afforestation in the north-east and a means of increasing the rate of survival. This is done by placing the roots of the tree in a dug pit when the soil is defrozen to about 20 cm and then filling the wet soil with light pressure, so that the roots are in full contact with the soil. When the soil is unfrozen in the spring, the upper soil is fully hydrated and can take full advantage of this water; freezing of roots or death due to high temperatures during the day and night has been avoided. The silhouette forested soil is in a good state and the temperature is rising again, contributing to the growth of seedlings and increased survival rates. In addition, in areas such as the booming ridge, a fall-on-the-earth land rehabilitation measure is being used, i. E., in the autumn of the year preceding the afforestation, to clear vegetation or harvest surplus on the afforestation land and to reclaim the soil. After the fall, it can influence the intensity of light and the time of light on the surface, so that the soil in the cave is unfrozen early, thus serving as a reservoir, allowing the planting of trees in the second spring and increasing the rate of afforestation activity. Sites should be adequately protected from total reclamation and soil erosion, including native vegetation, wildlife habitats and rare plants。
According to ray hsiendong, the north-east region is vast, with clear climatic differences, and tree selection is based on the principles of “land-appropriate tree” and “land-appropriate forest” and the promotion of mixed forest formation, taking into account such characteristics as longevity, food, honey and landscape. For example, the eastern mountains have many functions in the form of red pines, leaves pines, clouds, ferns, coldwoods, etc., which are resistant to the cold and water, yellow pineapple, walnuts, etc.; the central plains may choose fast-growing trees such as willow trees, willow trees, euphoria trees, safrosts, safrosts, etc., as well as shrubs and parts of the economy, which are used for soil protection and soil conservation; and the western drylands shall choose dry, thin trees such as pines, oil pines, almonds and sand dates. Reforestation is also common in the rehabilitation and inefficient conversion of degraded forests, in addition to woodlands. The replanting tree species shall be selected for the purpose of growth that is mutually beneficial or compatible with the existing tree species and for which the larvae tree has a basic resistance from under-forest to the main forest layer. It is common to replant red pines under the crown. Equalization can be used for replanting (more even distribution of existing wood), grouping for replanting (more group distribution of existing wood, more open land and windows in the forest), replanting under the forest canopy (replanting of venom-resistant tree species under the forest canopy when the main forest layer is positive). The selection of healthy, disease-free seedlings to avoid planting large trees can be used to induce the formation of unstable roots, promote plant growth, increase plant resistance and achieve higher rates of afforestation activity and growth。
In addition, post-afforestation care management should be strengthened, generally for three years, twice a year, including watering, fertilization, weeding and pest control. Fostering healthy, stable, quality and efficient forest ecosystems through forest density and restructuring。
Northwest territories
The more the country, the more the ecology, the more the economy
Building strong sarin in the nwt should be based on reduced forestation density, with appropriate measures such as pipe irrigation, drip irrigation, irrigation of water tankers and application of water-conserving agents or microbacterial fertilizers to ensure the survival and growth of forests. At the same time, more drought-resistant shrubs were introduced to create mixed sarin and increase plant diversity
According to juyadyan, the north-west is spread over the eight largest deserts, namely, takramagan, gurbantungut, qumtag, caydar, badangilin, tengri, ulaanbaatar and kubuchi. Among them, the western corridor, the edge of the takramagan desert, is the main battlefield of our current ecological engineering. Flowing dunes on the edge of the desert have been threatening the ecological security of oasis. Large areas of gobi and salin lands are also difficult for ecological governance. These hard-earned forests should be concentrated on oase edges or near railways, roads, mines and energy bases for the purpose of combating sand and dust storms, reducing dry heat winds and protecting the habitat environment. The more widely distributed species of silviculture are mainly shuttles, wands and thorns. However, degradation of artificial sarin has occurred in some areas due to, inter alia, high initial forestation density, drought and pests。
Jujazin suggested that, in the future, the construction of solid sarin in the north-west region should be based on a reduction in the intensity of afforestation, with appropriate measures such as pipe irrigation, drip irrigation, irrigation of water tankers, and the imposition of water-conserving agents or microbacterial fertilizers to ensure that forests are living and growing. At the same time, more drought-resistant shrubs could be introduced to create mixed sarin, increase plant diversity and reduce the threat of pests and diseases, thereby increasing the stability of artificial sarin. For example, bushes such as white stings, little fruit stings, bubble stings, various dates of sand, all kinds of willows, lemons, kings and silver sands are suitable for arid areas; shrubs such as willows, willows, sardips, mongols and mid-chicks are suitable for semi-arid areas. In addition, silviculture can be promoted in suitable areas, especially semi-arid areas with a high average annual rainfall, such as the tibetan plateau and the eastern north-west. The species of shrubs that are suitable for flying include sheep and firewood, flowers and sticks, lemon chickens, all kinds of sand and palm dates, seeds, artemisinin and sand, and herbs and plants such as sand and vermin, grass and sand lashes。
In recent years, juaquin and his team have travelled to xinjiang, inner mongolia, qinghai and gansu north-west, collecting over 20 desert plant seed resources. In the course of field vegetation resource surveys, juyadian found that the greening of urban trees in the north-west is generally dominated by the most common horticultural species in the north, and that, despite their high value in terms of rapid improvements in urban and rural habitat, irrigation maintenance costs are also relatively high. Accordingly, the juyadian initiative prioritized drought-resistant native species and new hybrid species for afforestation in the north-west. The mixed species of trees, such as hu yang, grey hu yang, sand date, white elm, dry elm and middle tian yang, mihu yang and little hu yang, are suitable for arid areas such as the tari wood basin and the western corridor of the river. They are both excellent green tree species and the main planting species of protected forest on agricultural land. The shrubs, salines, flowers, raisins, white stings, saloons, tungstens, tungstens, nympics and mid-chicks are dry, saline-resistant, flower-coloured or fruit-fresh, and are suitable for the greening of urban suburbs, villages and desert mountains, and the management of mild and moderate salin. In addition, multi-year grass plants that are drought-resistant or saline-resistant, such as saline leaves, bitter beans, robusma, cosmopolitans, etc., can also serve as green grass on the edges of forest belts. These grassland plants are well configured to create a local greening landscape。
