As a tree species of both edible and economic value, vanilla has received considerable attention in recent years in the area of agricultural cultivation. It is rich in nutrients and contains a variety of vitamins and minerals, and market demand is strong. Scientific planning and management, ranging from site selection, seedling, planting, field management and harvesting, are needed to achieve high productivity and efficient cultivation of the sorghum. The following is a detailed description of the technical elements of the high-yield cultivation of vanilla from multiple dimensions。
Scientific site selection and soil preparation
The fragrance has specific requirements for the growing environment and site selection is the underlying factor influencing production. Ideally, the following conditions should be present in the planting grounds: a backwind to the sun, a flat or slow slope and avoiding low-lying areas. The soil is fine with estuarine, fertile, well-drained sandy land, with ph between 5. 5 and 7. 5. Soil testing is required prior to planting, and acidic soils can be regulated by 50-75 kg of raw lime per acre。
Work on the ground needs to be done ahead of schedule, with 30 to 40 centimetres of soil and weeds and stones removed. In conjunction with the whole area application of base fat, it is recommended to apply 3000 - 4000 kg per acre of calcium phosphate with calcium phosphate. In the case of associated plots, soil disinfection should be carried out using lime nitrogen or biobacterizers to prevent endemic diseases。
Ii. High-quality seedling selection and breeding
The quality of seedlings has a direct impact on later production, which is currently being produced mainly through seed and root breeding. Seed reproduction is subject to the selection of full seeds collected in the current year, with a gestation rate of over 85 per cent. A 24-hour leaching in warm water of 40°c prior to seeding and a 10-minute disinfection of 0. 5% potassium permanganate solution can significantly increase the yield rate。
The nursery beds should be made of high-level saplings of 1 - 1. 2 metres wide, sowed between late march and early april at a distance of 30 cm and 2 - 3 kg per acre. The seedlings grow 2-3 saplings of real leaf time and maintain a distance of 10 cm. The nursery period is characterized by the maintenance of soil moisture, combined with the watering of two to three times a thin human urine or 0. 3 per cent urea solution。
The roots tend to grow mostly in the autumn, with the choice of a one-to-two-year seedling on the outer edge of a robust parent tree, with a 15-20 cm long root line shifting. This method is fast enough to maintain the quality of the mother and is suitable for scale cultivation。
Iii. Equipment and tests
Plantation density should be determined according to the characteristics of the species and the purpose of the operation. The fragrance of vegetables, mainly for seedlings, is proposed to be shrunk, with a range of 0. 8 x 1. 5 metres and 550-600 units per acre. This density ensures both single-space growth and the full utilization of land resources。
The optimal planting period is march-april or autumn, october-november. Before planting, the tree is trimmed, the main stem is 30-40 cm and the roots are cut to remove the damage. Cultivation is 40 x 40 x 40 cm, with 5 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer applied to each den. When planting, care is taken to stretch the roots and water the roots immediately after the soil is laid. In order to improve survival rates, root powder can be added to the water。
Iv. Fine field management
1. Fertilizer water management
There is a high demand for fertilizers, especially nitrogen. The first application of urea per acre was carried out in may-june of that year; the first application of urea was carried out in august. Upon entering the harvest period, three to four times a year is required for fatting: pre-early spring sprouts with urea (20 kg/acre); recovery after each harvest (15 kg/circa compound); and fall fertilisation with base weight (2000 kg/acre organic). Attention is paid to timely watering after fertilization, once a week during the dry season, and drainage and flood prevention during the rainy season。
2. Integrative trim
Scientific tree cultivation is key to high productivity. The fragrance is based on a multi-strength pattern, and three or four strong side branches were retained as the main branch for the year after planting. Short cut of the main branch during winter trim and promotion of branching. In the following year, two to three secondary branches were retained for each branch, forming 8 to 12 outcome branches. Every winter, the twigs, insects and weak branches are removed and the trees are ventilated。
3. Deficiencies control
In order to facilitate harvesting and increase production, the aroma needs to be condensed. Common methods include: heart (up to 30 cm to remove the top); chemical control (multiplier application of thorium 200-300 ppm); and stripping (0. 5 cm wide for the main dry ring in late may). These measures effectively control tree heights of 1. 5 - 2 metres and promote the growth of side growth。
Integrated pest management
The main diseases of the vanilla are one of corruption, leaf rust and powder. Agricultural control includes the selection of disease-resistant varieties, rational planting and scientific fertilization. Chemical control can spray 70 per cent of the 800-fold methyl tobutzim or 25 per cent of the 1,500-fold powdered vinyl at the onset of the disease, once every 7 to 10 days and two to three consecutive times。
The pests are dominated by fragrances, moths and red spiders. Physical control can be induced by light or by hand; biological control can be used as a formulation of souyungi; chemical control may be preferable to the use of highly effective low-toxic pesticides such as 2. 5% bromocymethrin 2,000 times liquid, with care to stop using the drug 15 days before the harvest。
Scientific harvesting and post-harvest processing
Harvesting technologies directly affect yields and quality. Soil cultivation is generally harvested from late march to early may, and protected field cultivation can advance until february. The harvest standard is 10-15 cm long and not wooded. At the time of the harvest, 1-2 leaves of the base were retained to facilitate regeneration. The first harvest is expected to be early, irritating the sprouts, followed by collection every 7 to 10 days。
In order to increase total production, a "wheeling" method can be used: the park can be divided into sub-regions, with alternate harvests to ensure sufficient recovery time for the tree body. Precipice of 800-1200 kg per acre during productive life. The extraction is immediately placed in the shade, leaves and impurities are removed and bundled by a thick sub-class. Short-term storage could be covered with film protection, placed in a freezer of 0-2°c, with a minimum of 7-10 days。
Vi. Protection and rehabilitation in winter
The northern part of the country needs to take measures to combat the cold by pouring out frozen water before winter. The larvae can be entangled around the backbone with grass ropes to prevent freezing. For older trees over five years of age, the following measures can be taken: the winter cut-off from 10 to 15 cm above the ground and the next year the three to four strong new crowns were chosen for re-planting, restoring production to more than 80 per cent of production levels。
Through systematic crop management techniques, adapted to local climatic characteristics, the economic benefits of sorghum cultivation can be significantly improved. It is worth noting that, as consumption demand diversifys, the proportion of cultivation of specialty varieties, such as purple and red leaf, is rising, and growers can optimise the structure of their varieties in a market-oriented manner and further increase their output。
The fragrance seed of the fragrance sprouts eats from the fragrance sprouts, and the cherubs from the cherubs grow in the cherubs of the cedars
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