The date trees are adaptable, but grow better in conditions of laxity, thickness and abundant fatty. The planting of date trees in cultivated land, the introduction of date trees and food rotations are also effective means of harvest. On both sides of the channel, on the side of the field and in the garden are good places to develop dates. A multifunctional, efficient and complex production base for the fruit and fruit industry could also be built in conjunction with the construction of farm protected forests。
Cultivation is mainly divided and incubated, and some varieties can sow。
Marriage methods: mainly wood sprouts and branches (more often under the skin)。
(1) keep the ears fresh and clean。
(2) the seams shall be flat。
(3) the formation layer of the bee and the beam shall be aligned。
(4) when this is done, it must be tightly tied。
(5) operation speeds。
(6) upon marriage, the soil or plastic bag shall remain wet. At the same time, five to seven days prior to the marriage, shedding of herb tree nurseries makes it easier to decorate。
Break root
Selecting the roots of a good breed, a ditch of 30 to 40 centimetres wide and 50 centimetres deep was dug outside the canopy before it sprouts, cutting the roots below 2 centimetres in diameter, and applying organic fertilizers in the breakout ditch, then filling back. The growing season can produce seedlings, which can be dug in the spring of the following year, with the use of abt for root powder or other hormone treatment, for planting in a nursery and for breeding。
Root
At the end of the autumn, a combination of autumn tillage took root from a robust date tree, cutting up 20-30 centimetres, with roots of 1. 4 centimetres in diameter, and hiding sand in the kiln. In the spring of the following year, a cleavage was created, with the root being inserted into the cleavage at an angle of 45 degrees, and the surface was exposed to 2 cm, when the water was poured. Roots are treated with root hormones and plastic sheeting is more effective。
Zip
The sandbed is wet and wet standards are used to pierce the sandbed with a small wooden bar, while the plume is used to pierce the sand bed, and the plume is inserted with a small diameter larger than the diameter of the plume, so that the plume is not squeezed off by a small hole and is less medicinal. The piping depth of about 3 cm is too deep to cause the base to rot, to be too shallow, to be dumped and rooted, to be exposed, and to be squeezed into the post-plugged hole, so that the river sands and ejaculations are closely integrated。
The planting season is available for the spring and autumn seasons, but for the benefit of spring. It usually takes place one week before the date tree buds. Cultivation density; date-planting stands at a distance of 4-5 m x 5-6 m, with 22-33 units per acre; long-term date-bearing grains at a distance of 8-15 m and a range of 4-6 metres, with a north-south route. The size of the den is generally 80 cm2 and more than 10 kg of farm fertilizer is applied. The planting depths and necks are matched by a backfilling of the puddles, which is reinforced by the planting of the tree and immediately water. During planting, the roots of the tree are fertilized with phosphorus, which is conducive to survival。
I. Fertilizer water management
The management of soil, fertilizers and water must be strengthened in order to promote the early abundance of date trees. In the irrigation area, most of the water is watered with wheat, except in winter; fertilizing is 0. 15 - 0. 25 kg of phosphorus per plant, choosing a rational crop for ventilation; and keeping a puddle to ensure the area of nutrients, prepping it in time for drying and cutting。
(1) the soil is unfrozen and is tumbled deep within 2 metres of the date tree to improve the air flow of the soil. (a) weeding in time, with light springs and deep autumns
(2) the application before freezing at the end of autumn, followed by fertilization before gestation in the spring, usually with a single production of 50 kg of fresh dates, 100 kg of coarse fertilizer or 1. 5 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and 0. 5 kg of potassium fertilizer. Fertilizers are applied in rims that dig up 40 x 40 cm at 1 ~ 1. 5 m from the trunk. (a) the urea application of urea ~0. 5 ~1 kg per plant over long periods of time and in the life of the young child
(3) water is pumped before the flowering period, before the date of the date of the date of the date of the date of the date of the day and during the period when the fruit swells。
Ii. Integrative shearing
After planting, we have to dry. Scaled height: approximately 1 metre of date-palms and 1. 5 metres of date-palms. Cuts are usually carried out during the winter and spring seasons, and the first three years have been dominated by light cutting, promotion of a combination of branches, and the formation of tree crowns as soon as possible. At the same time, productive tree formation is being actively developed. At present, there is mainly a backbone evacuation stratification, a natural circle of multiple branches and a happy shape. As a result, the trees are trimmed to control the long branches, keep the normal branches and cut the dead branches. In the short term, the branches shall be removed from the disease, the dead branches, the overlapping branches, the vertical branches, the control of the long branches and the renewal of the old branches. During the summer, shearing is done by cutting hearts, wiping branches, removing twigs and adjusting branches, so as to regulate the distribution of nutrients so that they can be radiant in the canopy。
Iii. The cut period
In general, winter and summer trim. Winter shears are usually carried out between fall and fallow flow, but are usually appropriate in march-april due to the long hibernation of date trees, poor healing capacity and the high spring wind and the difficulty of winter cutting. This means that the spring cut is good, but it is still customarily called winter cut, and the summer cut is done late in june and early in july, when the date-bearing period begins to slow down。
Iv. Mixing methods
Five types are commonly used: branches, retrenchments, short cuts, heart breaks and bruises。
(1) snitching: cutting in the canopy of the tree, which cannot be used as a cutting method, which can be removed from the base by long, leaning and overtly branches. Plumbing acts as a means of concentrating the nutrients of the tree, insulated, ventilating and balancing the branches。
(ii) retrenchment: for multi-year extension of branches, the resulting contraction. It can raise the angle of the branch and grow in a way that is conducive to the rejuvenation of the branch and renewal of the old tree。
(3) short cut: short cut of longer branches, the effect of which is to increase the nutrients of the lower part, stimulate the growth of the main bud and encourage it to produce new branches, and ensure that the tree is healthy and results normal。
(4) carcinogen: the guillotine guillotines are removed during the growing season, and the date grows longer and increases the seating rate。
(5) carving: i. E., an engraving of 1 cm above the main sprouts, prompting it to develop new branches, which are generally not useful and are mainly short-lived。
The main pests are date rust, date madness, tremors, anthrax, rota, brown rota, pox, date mosquitoes, date sticky worms, date-steps, shellworms, elephants, leaf loice, red spiders, moths, etc。
Improved date garden management, rational trimping, increased tree position, timely drainage during the rainy season, and prevention of the wetting of orchards. In the late autumn, the leaves will be completely removed and burned。
Diseases
The disease of date-palms, with the trunk of the tree no. 1 and no. 2, will cure the sick tree in the year and two years of date-palm. Shrimp is regularly sprayed with date palms, which can reduce the incidence of shrimp from more than 80 per cent to less than 15 per cent。
Other diseases were sprayed with five beams of thorium thiomers all over the tree before the gestation, in mid-june, with rusty or methyltobutzim, in early july, two to three times every 15 to 20 days, and in late july, with a bordeaux spray that could be controlled。
Pests
The date mosquito
In the spring, the sprouts are followed by the use of enemy diarrhea to destroy the young. The widespread spraying on the tenth day of the first generation could control the occurrence of subsequent generations。
Shell bug
Before and after the harvest, newly hatched larvae crawled out of the mother, and wax shells were treated with oxidated berries during critical periods of time when they had not yet been distributed。
The date elephant
The use of enemies to kill the cream was used to prevent the occurrence。
The dates and moths
Permethrin pesticide treatment at the time of occurrence。
Sky bull
In the period from july to october, small shovels were used to scratch the topsoil around the neck, to find pox worms, to inject dichlorvos or pyrethroid pesticides with syringes into the insect hole and to block the worm holes with mud to kill the larvae。
(1) autumn fruit harvest when ripe. Clean up the impurities, dry the sun。
(2) scrawl to skin soft and dry。
(3) first boil with water, so that the fruit will be soften and its skin not wrinkled and dry。
(4) remove impurities, wash and dry. Time to break or go nuclear。
The date is made of date, date, date, date, date of smoke, date of black, date of wine and date of tooth, etc., and can also be made of date mud, date, date wine, date vinegar, etc., as raw materials for the food industry. Trees can be carved, cars made, boats built, instruments used。
China's maximum annual production of red dates is 368,000 tons, and every year china exports large quantities of red dates and series of processed products。
