1. Definition of the third sector non-profit organizations: in recent years, the third sector of our country has played an increasing role in the public service, with the support and understanding of a growing number of citizens, but there is still no consensus in the academic world on the definition of the third sector, as it has not matured, mixed with fish dragons, and because of the inadequacy of our legislation in this area. The authors presented their views by combining the various points of view, hoping that they would be useful for research in the third sector. Thesis keyword: third sector, not-for-profit organization, which defines the first and third sector as the third sector, may be referred to as “npo non-profit organization” if described from an economic perspective, that is, to emphasize its distinction with business; and politicalistically, to emphasize its distinction with government time
2 for example, “ngo non-governmental organization”. It can also be called “voluntary organization” if based on the characteristics of the participants. Currently, there are the following main international definitions of the third sector: first, “definition of the functioning of the structure”. This definition focuses primarily on its basic structure and mode of operation. According to the center for comparative studies of non-profit organizations at johns-hobkins university in the united states, “all six conditions for organizational, civic, non-profit, self-governing, voluntary and public are considered non-profit organizations.” second: from a legal perspective. According to the u. S. Tax act: “the non-profit organizations operate for purposes such as religion, charity, public safety experiments, literature, education, etc., or for other purposes specified in the tax act, they are not taxed
3 in order to ensure that private persons benefit from it; the substantive activities of the organization are not intended to affect legislative and electoral activities.” this means that only organizations that meet the above requirements are exempt from taxation. Third: from the point of view of the purpose and function of the organization. It is expressed that social organizations formed and developed for the purpose of promoting “public interest” or “specified public good” can be considered as the third sector. For example, according to wolff, non-profit organizations have five characteristics: “one is the purpose of serving the general public; two is an organizational structure that is not for profit; three is a regulatory system that does not allow any individual to benefit from it; four is a legal tax-exempt status per se; and five is a legal status that allows donors to be tax-exempted.” fourth: from the sources of funding of the organization. This definition is adopted by the united nations national income system. Unesco defines it as “the main source of income according to the united nations system of national accounts (sna) (more than half)
Members' membership dues and donations from charities can be classified as non-profit organizations.” in other words, the funds of such organizations are derived mainly from membership dues and donations from charities. These definitions define the third sector from different perspectives. So how do our scholars understand this concept? According to chen jin ming, the third sector refers to “the public sector of society, between the government and the profit-making sector, which is organized as an organizational, civic, non-profit, autonomous and voluntary sector, by means of non-profit income, such as membership fees, private donations or government financial allocations, and which engages in social goods for which the former are unable, unable or unwilling to act”. The shanghai centre for the development of green utilities (nop development cender, shanghai) has a third sector
5. It is defined as a voluntary organization of people with a common interest and a common value orientation, social welfare organizations that provide public goods to socially vulnerable groups through personal participation, and are not for profit. The laws and regulations in force in china, however, divide public associations (i. E., the third sector) into three parts: social groups, foundations and private non-enterprise units. Together, we may wish to give a definition of the third sector as follows: the third sector is the voluntary formation of the public in order to achieve common objectives and provide public services to society. In particular, there are various types of volunteer service such as party volunteers, community volunteers, workers volunteers, youth volunteers, university students volunteers, towel volunteers, family volunteers, senior volunteers, disability volunteers, red cross volunteers, security volunteers, and general volunteers. It's not enough to see whether an organization is third
It must also be consistent with the characteristics of the third sector. The third sector features professor lester salamon of johns hopkins university in the united states, who proposes six criteria for defining the third sector. These six criteria are widely accepted as essential features of the third sector. These six basic characteristics are: (i) organizational. The third sector, which was formed out of common goals or shared ideals, will certainly have its own purpose. As the third sector matures, the third sector has developed its own regulations and even its own specific management model. This means that these institutional structures generally develop their own management models and procedures and have their own heads. There is an organizational structure for the management of members. There are clearer mandates, clients, incentives and sanctions, and there are established procedures for the creation of activities and projects, as well as procedures for managing funds that's right
7. Stricter chinese thesis download centre. Like an enterprise, it has its own fixed space for its activities, its own charter, a division of labour on objectives, and effective management of the various elements to sustain the survival and development of the organization. Creating a harmonious internal culture and external environment to achieve the objectives of the organization. Because of its growing organizational nature, some scholars refer to this as “formal”. Today, in addition to the strict system within the third sector, we have gradually established legal systems to regulate these organizations from the outside. Examples include the law of the people's republic of china on donations for public goods, the regulations governing the registration of social associations, the provisional conditions for the registration of private non-enterprises, the regulations governing foundations, etc. (ii) civility. The third sector is the spontaneous creation of the population, which originates from the private sector, is independent of the government and is thus also known as private or non-governmental. As can be seen literally, the third sector is a group independent of the government. It's not the government
8. Some non-profit organizations do not assume governmental functions. Its management members, such as programme managers, supervisors, team leaders, etc., are generally not borne or appointed by government officials. That is to say, they are not subject to the government, perform the organization's mission independently and their conduct is not obligatory. It is also financed by private sources. Most of the funds are derived from membership dues of group members (or members) and donations from others. This does not mean, however, that government money is not required or that government officials are excluded from their activities. (iii) non-profit. Activities undertaken in the third sector are not for profit. Non-profitability is an important indicator of the difference between the third sector and enterprises. This means that the profits generated by the organization cannot be distributed to owners, managers or members of the organization. The excess profits earned by the organization must be fully invested in a cause consistent with its purpose or basic mission. Because the third sector exists and develops to serve special purposes
Population groups or the achievement of public goals contribute to social development rather than income generation. This means that it is not for profit. It should be noted, however, that this does not mean that the organization cannot generate income or profits from its own business, that services provided by the third sector are not free of charge, and that low-cost or paid services (generally below market prices) are permitted. Reimbursable or unpaid services are performed by the third sector on its own merits. It is simply that there is no profit to be made to those managers and members within the organization. The profits it generates are publicly owned by the organization and cannot be transformed into private property. (iv) autonomy. It can also be called “independent”, i. E. Each third sector manages itself. They are essentially independent in their respective affairs; they have their own internal management procedures that are separate from the government. In the course of their operation, they are neither subject to government intervention nor to the intervention of profit-making organizations. Therefore, the third sector is in the group compared to the government
10. There is greater flexibility in institutions, structures and modes of activity, which are responsive and easy to adjust in case of events. Government institutions are relatively complex and less flexible than the third sector. Civility and autonomy are important features of the third sector, which cannot otherwise be called the third sector. Autonomy was the most basic condition for its survival, and the targeted characteristics of the third sector made it relatively independent from the administration of the government. The third sector cannot be done independently if it is always dependent on the government. On the other hand, once dependent on the government, the entire organization is accountable to the government, which, on the one hand, increases the burden on the government and makes its institutions larger and the flexibility of the organization suppresses; on the other hand, the growing power of the government and, naturally, the shrinking of civil society, which runs counter to our goal of building a “small government, larger society”. There is also a negative impact on civic participation. But the establishment and operation of the third sector must be legal
Sex is a non-profit organization that must be accredited by the government and whose scope of activities was defined by the government at its inception and is a partner to it. In practice, therefore, the third sector is subject to government oversight and is often constrained by the profit-making sector, for example. Our third sector, in particular, is only just beginning and requires external impetus. From this perspective, the promotion and monitoring of the development of the third sector by the government is a necessary requirement of the current social situation; however, weakening the level of government participation until self-government is fully established is an inherent requirement of the third sector itself and its direction. (v) volunteerism. Or it's spontaneous. The participation of volunteers and their participation in organizational activities is voluntary. First, the public recruitment of volunteers in the third sector must be carried out with full respect for the people's sense of voluntary and equal participation, on the premise of voluntary participation, and not by the provisions of the law. Second
12. The motivation for participation comes from the volunteers themselves, from their own inner sense of morality, conscience, compassion and the sense of civil society. In this way, participants are more motivated and responsible, influenced by the underlying drivers, and volunteers are more likely to adhere to the activities in which they participate and contribute to the sustained and deep development of volunteering. The services they provide are thus usually voluntary and free of charge. Third, the funds received by the third sector are also voluntary and are not subject to enforcement by law. As can be seen, both the external activities of the third sector and the internal management of the organization are voluntary. (vi) public goods. The fundamental purpose of the third sector is to contribute to the public good, which means that the third sector aims to contribute to the achievement of social public objectives, serve certain public purposes and contribute to the public. Industry and services in the third sector are mostly for-profit organizations (e. G. Enterprises) and are generally not involved
13. Areas such as poverty alleviation, disability, environmental protection, etc. Since members of voluntary organizations are motivated by their own beliefs or aspirations, their sense of purpose and responsibility. And they are responsible, committed, committed, committed and committed to the most dedicated, non-profit organizations that do work, giving their strength to the development of society without reservation. Thus, services provided in the third sector are usually unpaid or underpaid. It appears that they are downloading chinese thesis centres for the public good by volunteering. Of these six fundamental features, volunteerism and public goods are important expressions of the organizational goals and mission of the non-profit sector. The six basic features mentioned above are interrelated and cross-cutting and cannot be isolated. Moreover, in reality, the third sector does not necessarily have the six basic characteristics described above at the same time. In addition to these six basic features, the third sector has the following characteristics: (i) popularity. The third sector is a people in difficulty
14. Mass groups that are primarily targeted, with broad social participation, and that are vibrant and dynamic. Neither volunteers nor clients are subject to age, gender, income, occupation, etc., which makes the participation, motivation and service of volunteers more extensive and makes volunteerism diverse in content and form. The purpose of volunteerism is to serve the people's inner strength in the third sector, which is often in the service of socially disadvantaged groups, and to empower volunteer organizations to reach out to poor and remote areas. Government policy implementation is generally based on a top-down approach, often resulting in insufficient popular participation without a deep understanding of the specific requirements of the grass-roots population. Thus, the third sector, which is close to the grass-roots level of society, offers services based on the aspirations and social needs of the population, so that volunteer action has a stronger social appeal and a broader mass base. Openness
15. Sector 3 management and services are realistic, forward-looking, social, independent of government, and an open and dynamic system. By virtue of their independence from the government, the institutions and procedures under which they are administered are less stringent and complex than those of the executive branch and are self-governing, which gives the third sector greater flexibility. It is therefore rich in content and form. Together with the differences in the needs of societies at different stages, they are encouraged to explore, practice, constantly create, enrich and refine their content and forms to meet the different levels of social needs at different stages. The third sector is thus dynamic and flexible. (iii) practice. The services provided by the third sector are tangible social service activities, both tangible and practical. These activities include a profound intellectual and political education, in which volunteers help others while improving themselves and serving society. The solidity of the service makes the third
16. The door has practical features. (iv) social. In the long term, the goal of the third sector is to make volunteerism gradually accepted by the members of society as a daily practice in people's lives, as is the case in the countries of europe and the united states, a social cause in which all citizens can participate. In terms of means of promoting third sector development, the third sector has a strong focus on non-profit organizations for the development and use of social resources, and has a strong social function, in terms of both the initiation of activities, the delivery of services and internal management, in order to mobilize social motivations and create synergies. From the perspective of volunteerism, as society develops, the needs of the people become more diverse and volunteer organizations enter the public sphere to provide people with more options to meet the needs of society according to their different needs. Whether it is the objective attributes of the third sector itself, the process of carrying out its activities, or its own management, there is a strong social dimension. (v) timeliness. The third sector responds to the demands of the times and comes into being. It arises from the fact that certain problems of society cannot be solved by governments and markets. It also emerges with a distinct and time-appropriate character, focusing on the promotion of social equity, social justice, helping needy people and volunteers in the process of their volunteering and, to a certain extent, narrowing social gaps, which is one of the important forces in building “a harmonious society”. Reference no. 1 go weihua, wang fonghua, j. Research on technology economics and management, 2002, 2. 2 wang chao gwang, pluralism and unity: international comparative study of m. Zhejiang people's publishing house, 1999. 3 wang jianjun, once, ... Analysis of problems and responses in the construction of non-profit organizations in our community, j. Social science research, 2003.
