The electrode reaction, at this point in time, is clearly different from reversible electrodes。
The electrodes are generated by electrodes i and reversible electrodes, as demonstrated by the outdated circulation of electricity. Offset
The poor phenomenon is known as the “polarization of electrodes”. The size of the deviation (absolute value) is referred to as "wire"
I'll take it
== sync, corrected by elderman ==
(7. 39)
Based on thermodynamics, it is assumed that, for the original battery, two power lines are available for reverse discharge
The end voltage of the polar is the maximum, which is its electric motion e, the value of which can be expressed as reversible electrode e
It's always lower than r, and the anode is always higher than r. It's a consequence of the activation
The absolute value of the difference between electrodes i and r is referred to as “activated power”. It's been activated
The size is a measure of electrode activation。
The experiments show that during the electrolysis process, there were some transition elements other than fe, co, ni, etc
In addition to the ion, normal metal ion is activated when reduced to metal in the cathode
The values are smaller. But when there's gas, like in the cathode, in the anode
For electrolytic tanks, the minimum additional voltage required for a reversible electrolytic reaction can be called "theoretical decomposition voltage" with the same value as electric motion e and can be expressed as reversible electrode voltager
E=r (positive polar)-r (negative polar)=r (anode)-r (cathode) when electrolytic reaction takes place in irreversible conditions, plus voltage v1 must be greater than voltage e, i. E. V1=e+v. By the same token, if the current passed is not large, it's down to ir
It's down
I (anode) = r+
I (code) = r-
(7. 40)
(2) reasons for electropolarization
What happens when there's a current passing through the electrodes
What about the declining electropolarity? The most important reasons are the following:
1. Dilution
When electrical currents pass through the electrode, when electrode-soluble interfaces react chemically at a faster rate, and ion spread in the solution at a slower rate, it is near the surface of the electrode
2. Active polarization, also called electrochemical polarization. An electrode, in reversible conditions, electricity
At a certain level of electrical power, the corresponding electrodes were created. When electrical currents pass through the electrodes, they can also divert the electrodes from the r when the electrodes do not react fast enough in a solution interface, leading to a change in the level of electrodes. In the case of electrodes (pt)h2(g)|h+, as a reduction in the cathode, because the rate at which h+ becomes h2 is not fast enough, out-of-date electrons reaching the cathode cannot be consumed in a timely manner, resulting in electrodes having more negative power than reversible conditions, thus making electrodes less dynamic than rs, a lower power force that can trigger the activation of the reaction, i. E. Accelerating h+ to h2. When (pt)h2(g)|h+ is oxidized as an anode, due to the fact that the rate at which h2 becomes h+ is not fast enough, the extent of electron deficiency on the electrode due to the current passing is even more severe, resulting in more positive electricity in the electrodes, making the electrode more active than r. This high electrical power facilitates the activation of the reactor and accelerates the conversion of h2 to h+. To extend this to all electrodes, it is possible to draw universal conclusions: when electricity flows out of time, as a result of the slowness of electrochemical reactions, electrodes are not at the same level as reversible, leading to electrodesic deviations from r, known as “activated polarization” or “electrochemical polarization”. Electropolar life is polarized, as it is when it is highly polarized
