Mid-autumn pickle date management techniques
There is a strong competition for the nutrition of date-palm trees, which are long and large in amount, and which consumes very high amounts of nutrients, as well as for the chromatology of the period, which coincides with the extraction of branches and dates. This period, if poorly managed, could lead to a large number of fruit losses and a reduction in production. Thus, increasing the management of date-palm periods, supplementing nutrients and regulating the contradiction between nutritional growth (swidth growth) and reproductive growth (sprouts, flowering, results) can provide a solid basis for high and stable date-tree production. Specifically, the following seven tasks should be carried out:
I. Hunting for fat before flowers
1. Time
In kandong county, it usually takes place between late april and early may
2. Types of fertilization
It would be preferable to choose a fully fermented biological organic fertilizer with biobacterium fertilizer or to apply biobacterium fertilizer directly. It's better to use the fermentation. Fertilizer this time can be combined with urea and calcium perphosphate. Organic fertilizers are marketed and can be produced by themselves。
The method of home-made organic fertilizer is a mixture of 600 kg of human and animal dung, 300 kg of drying, 50 kg of drying, 50 kg of wheat or corn, 2,000 ml of fungicide and 2 kg of red sugar. Fermenting for 40 days with semi-cavity closed anaerobics is biobacterium organic fertilizer. If the fung agent is changed to a kilogram of agricultural waste excreta decomposition, then the river water is diluted with 50 kg, then fully modulated on the feedstock, and then anaerobic fermentation is poured into the pool. The appropriate temperature is 25-35°c and fermentation 5-10 days (4 days in summer, 7 days in spring and autumn and 10 days in winter) with attention to temperature and timing until the fermentation occurs without the smell of alcohol。
3. Usage
Each of these strains is approximately 5 kg of organic fattening, 0. 3 kg of urea and 0. 5 kg of calcium perphosphate. There are fewer trees. If winter-based fertilisation is low, pre-flower fertilization should be increased. If winterized fertilizers are high, pre-flower fertilizers can be applied less or less。
If organic fertilizer is insufficient, the use of fertilizer is increased. But the use of more fertilizer can cause the quality of dates to decline。
4. Fertilization methods
(c) digs in shallow girdles or caves open at the canopy drip line, at depths of 20-30 cm, and then water and soil. If you fertilize before the rain, you don't pour water. After fertilization, the date-palms should be cut off from the pine soil. This fertilization should be done with fewer roots。
Ii. Summer trim
1. Sloughing
Aims: to improve the ventilation of trees, so that each date hang is well-received, and so that each leaf can normally co-operate in the production of nutrients, thereby increasing the nutritional level of the whole tree and increasing the seating rate。
Method: to ensure the ventilation of trees by cutting them from the base or by cutting them short from branches above the second branch of the first date of birth, in the case of adult trees. Also remove seedlings and reduce nutrient consumption。
2. Pull or support
In the case of 2-3-year-old trees, in addition to triming or short-term cutting, the branches in an inappropriate position are pulled to the right position by pulling them to the right position, and the main branches and trunks are required to grow in an oblique state of 60°. Be careful not to split the branches。
A number of vertical or over-crowded, useful branches are pulled or sprawled. Pulling or ploughing can be effective in reducing tree position, facilitating the transformation of nutrient growth to reproductive growth, while opening up a branch perspective, expanding the area of light and increasing the use of light energy, which can be extremely beneficial for flowering fruit. It is appropriate to level the vertical branches in a timely manner, or to have a 70-80-degree angle with the main branches, so that they are not intersecting, overlapping or crowded。
Three, fresh start
Early may to late june, new dates for non-bone branches. The first and second branches of the branch are to be taken in time to control the growth of the branch, reduce nutritional consumption and increase the sit-in rate. The extent of heart loss depends on the size of the date and the space in which the date is grown, generally the weight of the date is the weight of the heart (one or two of the two branches), the size of the date is the weight of the heart (three or five of the two branches), the size of the date is the weight of the space when the space is grown。
When on average one or two flowers are opened for each date hanging, all date branches, secondary branches and woody date branches are thoroughly and thoroughly removed in order to concentrate on nutrition and promote the development of flowers。
Iii. Excavation (ring skinning) and circumcision
(b) effects: cut off the pelvis and cut the leaves of the trees from the nutrients manufactured for photocooperative purposes to the roots, thereby increasing the nutritional level of parts of the trees on the ground and reducing the competition for nutrients between the growth of the leaves and the flowering results, thereby significantly increasing the rate of seat fruit。
The nutrients absorbed by the roots of the tree are transmitted mainly to the tree through the wood sector, while some of the nutrients produced by the cortex of leaves are delivered through the cortex to the roots of the tree. Cutting the cortex is tantamount to cutting down access to nutrients, concentrating them on the upper part of the tree and promoting the growth of flowers, thereby increasing the rate of sit-in fruit。
It would be best if they were only on the trees, and if they were not, it would be better if they were not。
1. Ringing
(1) time of stripping
This should take place at the time when the date is 70-80% and most of the sequence can see the date fruit (a few days longer if the second fruit is intended). When the whole date-palm branch and the woody date hangs all the hearts, it is stripped. The opening time in kandong county was generally from 28 may to 5 june. The premature opening of a nail would have caused more fruit to be found at the time, but with it more fruit. The late opening of the aces will affect the first fruit and reduce total production. It should be carried out in the sun, which is full of sunshine。
(2) the method of stripping
This can be done on the backbone, starting at 20 cm from the main backbone and moving upwards at an interval of 3-5 cm per year thereafter, until the first layer of the main branch is repeated from the bottom up. The width of the stripes generally does not exceed 1/10 of the backbone diameter. In general, 0. 4-0. 6 centimetres, with trees and tiaras suitable for a wider range, but not exceeding 0. 8 centimetres, and trees and weak trees that were three years old cannot open a nail. The advantages of stripping on the backbone are ease of operation and a small workload, but a slight inactivity may result in the loss of results as a result of too narrow or too wide a strip resulting in injury or death。
It can also be carried out on the main branch, with one or two branches remaining intact, thereby facilitating the growth of the roots of the tree. The main branch should be light, i. E. Not more than 0. 4 cm in width. The main branch is torn apart in the base of the main branch. The advantage of stripping on the main branch is that the effect is obvious and the number of sitting fruit is high. The disadvantage is that the date is cut too easily。
Earning steps: 1. First, shaving the old skin with a sharp knife in preparation for stripping, with a width of 1. 5 to 2 centimetres, to the extent that the red cortex is visible; (2), then cutting across the blade with a sharp knife, reaching deep into the wood, and then cutting down the width of the strip, with a straight line; and (3), finally, removing all the ligatures in the middle of the cut-off and leaving no skin in the mouth. When stripping, be careful to tilt slightly below the opening to prevent the extraction of water。
(3) sequestration management
The best time for healing is around 30 days, and healing too early does not work well, and failure to heal after 30 days can hurt trees or die. There is therefore a need for better regulation of the stripping. One is bug protection. The ripples are highly vulnerable to pests as a result of the emergence of delicate healing tissues, which, if they do, can result in non-healing or delayed healing, causing injury to or death of trees. The stripping is therefore protected by the timely spraying of the mouth. In general, trichlorfon or acetamidophos or rosbourne 500-600 times liquid sprayed at the acetal level after 4-12 hours of cooling after the opening of the nails, every seven days, 3-4 times。
Remedial measures should be taken for the healing of trees
1. The upper and lower tissue skins of the non-healing mercuric cavity are cut into a thin layer with a knife each, and are exposed; if the tree which affects the acetal healing by a beetle is cleared of its necrosis by a sharp knife, then the healing tissues are removed from the film and freshly exposed, and a gram of 920 grams or 100 grams of acetic acid is mixed with fine clay to level the mouth, and then plastered with plastic membranes, so that the film can be removed when the mouth is fully healed in the winter, and the plastic membrane is released only in the following winter。
2. Rendering of non-healing trees. The time line is mid-april to mid-july. The trees that are to be attached are to be moderately trimmed. This tree should be selected first and foremost。
2. Circumcision
The two to three-year-old trees are generally not subject to a manicure technique, which can only be circumcised, i. E., the cortex of the main stem or branch is circumcised with a cleavage to the depth of the wood without harming the wood。
Iv. Leaf spraying three
It's fertilizer, water, hormone
1. Recreational and early blooming periods
A small package of 15 milligrams of "ripson" (with 0. 02% ethylene esters) per aerosol dispenser water (30 kg) to the fruit tree of "ten to 2116" (other brands are specified), urea 30 g and potassium nitrate 30 g for foliage to improve the quality of flowering. One in 7-10 days and two in a row. The first bouquet was sprayed with boron fat, 15 milliliters per 30 pounds of water. Note: as high as 2116 days cannot be mixed with potassium phosphate and pesticide multipliers, such as organic silicon, are banned from use。
2. Period of flower
When the date blossoms reach 70-80%, when the work is done to open the nails, the fine weather is chosen to be used once to spray the front of the leaf with an 80% water (30 kg) per sprayer of 0. 25 g (acin), 50 g of red sugar, 15 ml of th degree boron and 30 g of potassium phosphate. Note: the flower spray must be thin and cannot be sprayed directly to the flower so that pollen particles are washed away and pollination is affected。
The use of pesticide multipliers, such as organic silicon, is less likely to be used in the flowering period。
Fabricated fertilizers are mainly designed to promote the growth of pollinators and to facilitate the fertilization of date-palms. If it is not, it can also be replaced with 0. 2% silt。
Three, the bouquets
An eight to ten day period after the application was completed, 15 ml of amino acid imported per aerosol water (30 kg), 30 g of potassium phosphate, 50 g of red sugar, 30 g of magnesium sulfate, 40 ml of calcium glucose acid and 7. 5 g of urcin were applied once。
Select a weather that is clear and free of wind to be applied evenly to the trees before 10 a. M. Or after 5 p. M., to be applied evenly and fully, to be rained 24 hours after the spraying and to be filled in time to avoid impact。
Calcium glucose acid is mainly calcified to the fruit to prevent the fissure. If calcium glucoseate is not available, calcium glucose, calcium aminoate, etc. (using concentration by description), then no more “import amino acid” should be added. One per cent of calcium phosphate leachate may also be used in post-flower calcium。
It is mainly used to combat epidemiology and can be replaced by one of the following: quintaacin: 8 ml per 30 kg water; fluorine: 25 g per 30 kg of fluorine: 2. 5%; small percinin: 8 ml per 30 kg water. It's also available for agrococin. None of the above-mentioned agents can be used in combination with biological agents, such as bacillus, cyclactus and 7210。
Early childhood:
In mid-autumn pickles, when the physiogenic fallout is severe, it increases the physiogenic fallout if the continuous cold rain rains. Premium acetic acid spraying prevents ionospheric production of fruit and effectively prevents physiological fallout. The method is to dissolve the acrylic acid with alcohol and then transfer to water, so that it is sprayed directly on the right side of the leaf, to the point where the leaves are nearly dripped. Use of acrylic acid to promote control to prevent physical failure。
Its effects were not significant at concentrations of less than 20 mg/l (100 grams of water) and higher than 20 mg/l (100 gram of water) at concentrations (100 grams of water) although it had a good effect on protection and a high rate of composts, it had a side effect of inhibiting high larvae expansion, resulting in smaller dates. Therefore, the concentration of the acetic acid fluid used should be controlled at about 20 mg/l (1 g to 100 kg of water). Alkyl acid is to be used alone。
5. Spraying flowers
“dry hot dates, small day dates full of branches”, date pollination and pollen sprouts are associated with temperature and humidity, with suitable temperatures of 22-25°c, relative humidity of 70-80% and low humidity (below 40-50%) of pollen growth. Southern date-palms are generally characterized by more rain, but also by years of high-temperature dry seasons, resulting in the phenomenon of “cracking”. Thus, in the event of successive periods of drought, the use of water from flowers increases air moisture and reduces temperature, thereby facilitating the seating fruit。
The method is that water is usually sprayed between the second half of may and the first half of june in dry years. The specific water spray time is related to the date-spam time, when the large amount of the date-spam spray will wash away the pollen and affect pollination, so it is desirable that the spray time be before or after the mass of the pollen. It is appropriate that the time of the day is from 14 to 16 p. M. And that the time of spraying is from 8 to 10 a. M. Or from 17 to 19 p. M. Water is sprayed from 3 to 4 kg per tree, measured in the form of humid leaves. Sprayed once every 2-3 days and 2-3 in series。
V. Flower bees
The date is a typical pest-brokering flower, with a high rate of pollinators, so that the date tree is consciously introduced into the tree and cannot spray to kill the bee. Therefore, the use of pesticides is not promoted in general cases, and ground sprays may be considered in cases where pests occur during the flowering period, which affects the production of dates. If leaf spray is necessary, bee poisoning prevention measures should be taken before spraying. The agent is of the water and emulsifiable type and is strictly prohibited during bee-laying in order to prevent the death of bees from poisoning. Powdering or adhesive pesticides are used during the flowering period to the extent possible, so as not to affect date pollination. According to the survey, bee-laying in date-palms can increase the rate by about one-fold, with an increase of 20-30 per cent and a higher rate of bee-boxing closer to date-trees。
Vi. Follow-up of steady fruit and fertilizer
1. Fertilizer period: krystok county generally runs from the end of june to the beginning of july。
2- fertilizer type: nitrogen fermentation is mainly combined with phosphorus fermentation, mainly with fully fermented organic biobacterium and phosphorus fertilizer. Fermentation with fermentation is particularly good。
3 usage: about 5 kg of tree use per adult result。
4. Fertilization method: digging of cyclopedias or lavenders at canopy drops, followed by showering of water and refilling of soil. If it rains afterwards, it'll stop. Trench or cave depth 20-30 cm。
Insect control
Insect control is usually done before flowering, as date-palms do not use pest-proof pesticides as much as possible。
The main pests that endanger date trees are red spiders, green blind elephants, date mosquitoes, date stickers, etc. Optimum use of 0. 2% methaline 1500 times or 20% amphibian emulsion 70000-10000 times + 25% pvp 1,500 times or 20% chlorofluoride the methamide suspension (comfort) is 3,000-4,000 times greater, and 20% of the tetracarpium suspension can be prevented if the red spider hazard is present at 1,500 times. The diseases are mainly anthrax, rotaline, etc. Anthrax and rotorine can be prevented by the selection of 50% more than 800 times before flowering。
The flowering period is a sensitive period for the growth of date trees, and the flowerer is very young and vulnerable, displaying strong sensitivity to a wide range of pesticides and, if careless, can cause harm. In recent years, there have been occasional cases of foliage burns due to utensils. The application of highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides in flowering has been observed in recent years, not only as a result of burning, but also as an easy cause for flaming buds, as well as the opening of buds in the future, and has resulted in yellow drops, which have been detected as a result of a combination of 3,000 times malathion and 3,000 times kung fu in a date farm; and the application of pesticide multipliers such as organic silicon in flowering has been detrimental to the seat fruit. In addition, when sprayed, the total amount of fertilizers or microfertilizers cannot exceed 0. 3 per cent, and above this limit, it is also easy to burn flowers, causing large numbers of flowers and falling buds. The date tree blooms and is sprayed with 0. 3% boron and 0. 3% potassium phosphate。
Therefore, it is important to be careful and not blind about the use of drugs during the period of time, to be used selectively or to be tested in small areas before they can be applied in large areas. In addition, the total amount of microfertilizers at the time of application is not exceeded. The sprayer water must be fully mixed during the application of fertilizer and medicine and cannot be repeated in the same tree during the day in order to avoid burns of flowers and leaves。
