Don't panic when you get a cancer report. The pit
Many cancer patients and their families were held tight at the moment they received the pathology report and the examination report. The report was characterized by a complete breakdown of professional terms, high, low, i, iii, i and iv。
What the hell is division? What's the grade? What's a split? The three terms sound the same, but the meaning differs from one another, and 90 per cent of the patients are stupid and even suffer from misunderstanding, either excessive anxiety or neglect, delaying treatment。
In fact, these three concepts, which are central to doctors' diagnosis of the severity of cancer, the development of treatment programmes, and the assessment of prognosis, appear to be obscure, and as long as logic is clear, ordinary people can see it. Today, in the most common language, cancers are differentiated, graded, graded, defined, clinically meaningful, so that you are not lost in getting the report, and you are able to read your own condition with precision。
The core conclusion begins with a clear understanding that the three dimensions are completely different and that each of the functions of the organization are different
Before going into detail, let's give you a central summary, bearing that in mind, we can quickly distinguish between the three:
Cancer divides, looking at the “maturity” of the cancer cell; cancer grade, looking at the “odiousity” of the cancer cell; and cancer stage, looking at the “development phase and spread range”。
In short, it is the state of the cell itself, the classification is the rating of the degree of malignity and the period is the stage of progress. The three are interrelated, but they are by no means one thing, cannot be confused and cannot be judged by a single indicator as to the weight and duration of cancer。
It is only by combining these three indicators that doctors will be able to fully assess the situation and give the most appropriate treatment. And we're going to break it down one by one, what every concept really means, what it means for the patient。
I. Cancer differentiation: the “maturity” of cancer cells, the more normal they are
Cancer is differentiated by pathologists who observe the similarities between cancer cells and normal tissue cells in humans under microscopes, with the simple understanding being the maturity of cancer cells。
Normal human cells are those that are slowly divided and matured from primitive cells to specific functions, such as lung cells, liver cells and stomach cells. And cancer cells, in the process of dichotomy, are “miscured”, the worse they become, the greater the gap between normal cells, the more disobedient they become and the easier they become。
Clinically, cancers are divided into four main types, with the degree of malignation increasing in turn:
1. High differentiation
High-divisive cancer cells, their form, structure and normal cells are very close, like “the more disciplined bad people”. Such cancer cells are highly mature, slow-growing, infested, vulnerable to intrusion into the surrounding tissues and to diversion, as in the case of undesirable elements who are self-serving and have little destructive power。
In general, the treatment of high-diverse cancers is relatively more effective and more optimistic, with many early high-level cancers reaching a higher probability of clinical healing through surgery。
2. Moderate differentiation
Moderately differentiated cancer cells, between high- and low-divisive levels, have moderate maturity and some variation in normal cells, and are growing at intermediate rates and invasive. These cancer cells have a certain capacity for growth and diffusion, but are not particularly violent and are treated and premeditated at moderate levels。
3. Low differentiation
Low-divisive cancer cells, which vary greatly from normal cells, are in a strange form and have a very low level of maturity and belong to the “bad people of all appearances”. These cancer cells grow at an extremely rapid rate, are highly invasive, are prone to intrusion into surrounding tissues and organs, and are more susceptible to diversion through lymphoma, blood, are highly destructive and relatively difficult to treat。
4. Undivided
Undivisive cancer cells are one of the least divided, completely losing the form and function of a normal cell, and it is difficult for doctors to even determine which organ they originate from. These cancer cells have the highest degree of virulence, proliferation has been extremely rapid and invasive, the most dangerous of all cancer types, with relatively poor projections。
One sentence remembers division: the higher the division, the closer to the normal cell, the lower the malignant; the lower the division, the less the normal cell, the higher the malignant。
Cancer classification: “hotness rating” of cancer cells, closely related to differentiation
Many people confuse the classification and classification of cancer, which are very closely related, with a combination of the degree of carcinocytes, based on indicators such as the degree of carcinocytosis, the nuclei, the heterogeneity of the cell, and a further quantification of the degree of polarization。
In short, differentiation is the description of the cell state and the hierarchy is the ranking of the state, both of which essentially assess the “inherent malignity” of the cancer cell。
The three-tier classification method is currently most commonly used in clinical practice, with some tumours using a four-level classification, the larger the grade, the higher the degree of malignity:
1. Level i (highly divided)
Low-level cancers with the lowest degree of malignity, which correspond to highly polarized cancer cells with slow growth, low transfer and weak inoculation, are the best rankings in advance。
2. Level ii (neutralization)
In the case of medium-level cancers, moderate malignantity, corresponding to moderately differentiated cancer cells, all biological behaviour is in the middle, and treatment is subject to a phased combination。
3. Level iii (low/not divided)
High-level cancer, with the highest degree of malignantity, is associated with low-divisive and undivisive cancer cells, growing fast, susceptible to diversion and aggressive, and requires more active and comprehensive treatment。
Some malignant neoplasms, such as gel tumours, use the four-level classification method, the lowest level i, the highest level iv and the core logic of the three-level classification method, all of which are larger in number and more dangerous in condition。
Focus: high rankings are hopeless, low rankings are good. The classification only assesses the degree of the cancer cells themselves, but also combines the spread of the cancer, i. E. The phasing, in order to make a full diagnosis。
Cancer stratification: the “development stage” of cancer, with light spread heavy
If differentiation and classification is to look at cancer cells as “bad or bad”, then cancer is to be phased in to see cancer as “spill-spread” and as an indicator of early and late cancers and assessment of the gravity of the disease at its core。
The cancer phase, which combines tumour size, immersion depth, lymphatic lymphoma transfer, and long-range organ transfer, is now internationally used as the tnm phased system and is classified as clinical i-iv based on tnm results。
1. Letter meanings for tnm instalments
- t (original tumour): represents the size of the original tumour, the depth of immersion, i. E., the extent to which the cancer has grown in the primary organ and the depth to which it has been violated. The larger the numbers, the larger the tumors and the deeper the aggression. For example, t1, which is very small and confined to the surface of the organ, and t4, which is very large, has encroached on the deep and even surrounding organs。
- n (regional lymph nodes): represents whether the cancer is transferred to the surrounding area lymph nodes, and the quantity and extent of the transfer. N0-n3, n0 represents no lympho transfer, and the larger the number, the larger the lymphoon transfer。
- m (dispatch transfer): represents whether cancer is transferred to distant organs such as lungs, liver, bones, brain, etc. M0 is not moving far, and m1 is moving far。
2. Clinical phase (early and late)
According to the tnm combination, cancer is divided into four stages, directly responding to the early and late onset of the disease:
- phase i (early)
The tumor is small, confined to the primary organs, does not violate the surrounding tissue, does not transfer lymphorate knots, and does not transfer far away. Cancer at this stage, with few visible symptoms, most of which are detected through medical examinations, is ideal for intervention, and many patients are able to survive in the long term and benefit from the desired clinical benefits through surgical cutting。
- phase ii (medium term)
The size of the tumor has increased, the range of the violations has become wider, and there may be a small number of regional lymph nodes that have not moved far. At this stage, the patient may have mild symptoms, the treatment is predominantly surgical, the post-operative co-operative chemotherapy and other auxiliary treatments, and the stable control of the condition remains significant。
- iii (middle-late)
The tumour is larger, the depth of the intrusion is deep, there are more regional lymphocytes transfers, and even nearby organs, but it still does not move far away. This phase of treatment is becoming more difficult, usually requiring a combination of surgical, chemotherapy and target-oriented treatment to slow progress and prolong the life cycle。
- iv (late)
No matter the size of the tumour, no matter how much lymphorate is transferred, if there is a long-range organ transfer, it is phase iv. Cancer has spread throughout the entire body and cannot be fully cured through surgery. Treatment is based on conservative treatment, with the aim of reducing symptoms, alleviating suffering, improving the quality of life and extending the duration of life。
In one sentence, remember: the smaller the period numbers, the more limited the cancer, the sooner the intervention is foreseen; the larger the period numbers, the wider the spread, the harder the treatment。
Four, three core differences
In order to give you a clearer picture of the region, the core elements of the classification, classification and phasing of cancer are:
1. Different dimensions of assessment
Distinction: cancer cell maturity, microcell form
Classification: carcinocyte malignantity, quantitative score
Period: incidence of cancer, macro-borne progress。
2. Different focus of judgement
Distinction: seeing a cell like a normal cell
(b) ranking: to see how the cancer cell is malignant
Period: looking at the spread of cancer。
3. Different clinical significance
(a) distinction/classification: determines the invasive nature, growth rate of cancer cells and guides the intensity of treatment
Phased: decision on early and late cancer, decision on overall treatment (surgery/conservation)。
4. Different pre-references
The higher the differentiation, the lower the grade, the milder the cancer cells; the earlier the period, the lighter the condition, the higher the probability of long-term survival。
For example, one patient is high-grade i lung cancer, the first stage shows that the cancer cell is low in virulent and not spreading and that clinical benefits after surgical removal are ideal; another patient is low-grade iii lung cancer, the first stage, which, although not spreading, is high in virulent, and requires assisted treatment to reduce the risk of relapse; and in the case of low-grade iii lung cancer, the fourth stage shows that the cancer cell is very high in virulent and the whole body is spreading, only comprehensive and conservative。
Summary: reading three indicators, rational face of cancer
Finally, a comprehensive summary is given to all cancer patients and their families:
1. To stop the confusion between fragmentation, hierarchy and stratification, and to look at the maturity of the cells, the degree of malignity, the extent of proliferation in stages, and to guide the treatment programme and the assessment of the long term。
2. The higher the differentiation, the lower the hierarchy, the milder the cancer cells themselves; the earlier the period, the less the cancer spreads, the greater the treatment opportunities, the more secure the long-term survival。
3. Don ' t look at a single indicator to be overly scared or blindly optimistic: high-diverse, low-diverse. There is no hope that early cancers will also be regulated for treatment, and that late cancers will not be abandoned。
4. Upon receipt of the report, it is important to ensure that the individualized treatment of the patient is done by means of professional oncologists, as well as his/her physical condition, age, cancer, etc。
The diagnosis of cancer is terrible, but it is more important than fear to understand the disease and to respond rationally. The understanding of the three core concepts of differentiation, classification and chronology allows for efficient communication with doctors, without misperception of the condition, without blind decision-making, taking advantage of the best treatment opportunities, and science against cancer。
