Zhejiang shao xing, first name, no. Sing yiu, 1901, went to nanjing gang yuen school of waterworks, changed his name, since he was named, and changed his name in 1909; the most commonly used names are delighted, enlightened, unique, secret, zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zian, and sui zi。
In 1901 to 1905, during their studies in nanjing, contacts were made with western scientific and democratic ideas, and the initial literary activities began with the translation of " the slave warriors " , " the jade worms " , " the scavengers " , and the creation of short novels, " the hunters " , " the flowers " , " the orphans " 。
He went to school in 1906. During this period, there was greater acceptance of the influence of western democratic thinking by organizing, together with lu xian, a magazine entitled " new life " , which promotes the arts and cultural movement by translating " the history of red stars " , " jing zheng " , " the history of hunu " , " charcoe " and " the collection of extraterritorial novels " with lu。
On the eve of the xinhe revolution, in addition to their positions in the hangzhou and shao xing educational communities, they continued to translate and create, publish the foreign literature about greek literature, create a short novel called jiangmura nightingale and study children's literature. Adding new youth around 54, and publishing papers on human literature, civil literature, ideology revolution, etc. In the magazine new youth, weekly review, and so on, transforming the literary revolution from a form of reform to an innovation of content, has contributed to the further development of the new literary movement。
Joined the society in 1920. In the same year, the organization of literary research societies and the drafting of the declaration of literary research societies declared that “literacy is ... A vital task of life”, and that the banner of literature “for life” was lifted。
In 1924, a weekly magazine called " sense of languages " was launched with sun vole and others。
Between the time of the 1950s and the twentieths, he participated in the 5-4s literary movement, which wrote a large number of essays on progressive and revolutionary fronts in the midst of the “women's culture”, the 5th century, the 388 tragedy and the 412 events. At the same time, after his fall in the tide, and particularly until the mid-20s, he became more ambivalent。
The war against japan was followed by a backlash and the assumption of false duties. During the fall of china's north, hundreds of articles were published in the veritable press, some of which were devoted to the hysterics of the japanese emperor and the hypocrites, such as wang's preface for mr. Wang's incorruptible record, which boasted of wang's “indignity and indignity” and the spirit of “involvement to feed the hungry tigers” and showed the face of a traitor。
Arrested for the crime of rape in 1945 and subsequently sentenced, released on bail on the eve of national liberation in january 1949. He settled in beijing at an advanced age, translated greek and japanese literature, and published books such as the home of ruther, the person in luthor's novel, the age of youth in luthor。
The 5-4s and the 20s are the culmination of weekly essays. The author-in-law's collections were published in the 20s in his own garden (1923), in a book of rains (1925), in a collection of zelig (1927), in a collection of tigers (1927), in a collection of dragons (1927) and in a collection of poems and essays, life in the past (1929)。
Art and life, published in february 1931, was written in 1926 and collected about 21 literary papers (e. G. Civil literature, human literature), translations of russian literature, european literature, japanese literature, papers and interview notes on the new village in japan. Preface: “three articles written after 1924 are slightly different from previous papers ... I. E. The smell of dreamers and preachers is gradually faded”。
For a variety of reasons, a large number of articles have not been included in the above collections, which were later incorporated in the collections published in 1993 and 1995。
The collection of essays produced by the authors of the general week and the collection of foreign articles published by the editors in recent years provide an overview of the two tendencies and the trajectory of the evolution of the writings of the five and four periods of the week and the twentieths。
The zhou man's essays have traditionally had two styles of impatience and peace and dilution。
The battles of the fives and fours and the fights of the 20s are one of agitated, while the fives and fours, the obscenities, the readings, and the artistic essays that he called “americans” in the 20s, are one of a kind of flatness。
The talk tiger collection is a collection of miscellaneous articles from 1919 to 1927, most of which are “comments on all personnel”. "my little words, a bit of sinners, a bit of sinners, a little bit of a society, and i feel like i've stepped on a tiger's tail, and i feel like i've got a lot on my mind
It is the crimes of feudalism, old culture, reactionary warlords, imperialism, and the “single party” of the national party. " the revolution of thought " , " the front gate caught the horses " is a central title. These grotesque texts are not as sarcastic and as heavy as the rush, but they are also ironic and flaunting the cold light of the dagger。
The best expression of the probative personality is the artistic probate, which he calls “american”, which is a small piece。
In june 1921, the author published american. The article defines “american” as one of the papers, but it is not critical, not academic, but artistic: “there are many ideas, which are neither novels nor suitable for poetry ... He can be seen in the form of papers.” it can be narrative or emotional, but it is all about expressing its own “think”. The name "american" proposed by zhou is not used. It's what's usually called a probate。
Zhou says that this “american language” is “real and simple”. “simplicity” is a requirement for words; “real” is about telling the truth, saying what you say, not saying what you say. “american” is what zhou's personal “spoken mind” is called in “looking at the clouds, ice and snow scrolls” and is “the tip of the individual's literature, a essay of words, which brings together narrative and narrative elements, all embedded in their own sexuality”。
This “american language” is the most well-developed of the highly personality “english-speaking people” and flourishes in china in the “era of the king's banners, the chorus of the house”。
There were few such “americans” in the early years of the new literature, except for the romantic discourse in the morning post, which contained a few somewhat similar texts, but did not flourish thereafter. It is therefore the hope of zhou's new literary man “to re-establish a new land for the new literary man”。
Zhou's promotion of “american” is a five- or four-year-old personal liberation demand that reflects the creation of essays, both in content and form。
While promoting “american”, zhou changed his vision of the relationship between literature and life。
On the eve of 54th, in human literature, zhou argued that “a little literary promotion of “the ideal life of the human person” should be “a little of our love for humanity”. The civil literary says that “biology is being applied in agriculture, medicine and literature in life.” these are the propositions of literature “for life”。
And in his first edition of our gardens, his first essay, edited to give effect to his american doctrine, he denied that “art for life” said: “... Art is independent, ... It is neither necessary for him to isolate nor allow him to serve his life, but it is good for him to become the art of a life in disarray. `to be an artist' and `to be a servant of life': to be the master of the individual, to express love as an art... Not to be done for the benefit of others, but to be exposed to the art, to resonance and joy. It's the point of life's art. It's an independent artistic beauty and an intangible virtue.”
Here, the chorus still refers to his art as “the art of life”, but unlike the general “art of life”, it is the “expression” of life that is independent, and that “life” is only the individual thoughts of the artist, it is for his own sake, not for others, but from which others can resonate and benefit. So zhou named his first essay collection his own garden。
The social function of art is diluted by the “life for life” to the “expression of oneself”. He's against all the "carriers" of the individual "speakers." whether the “american” claim is advanced or his probate creation practice, it has a very distinct personal identity of “renegade and hermit”. The style and personality are in harmony in his essay creation。
According to zhou, “american”, the modern probate, “is so old and so new”, because it is “composed of the public security and english probate”, which largely speaks of the origins of the probate。
What needs to be added, however, is the external influence of his probate, which is by no means more than that of the british, and its relevance to the french mondo, especially japan. This external influence also goes beyond mere literary learning. The principle of harmony and balance between the freedoms and the moderation of goris affects his personality and his style, and in his essay he is “filled with `right' and `harmonizing'”。
All these external influences, in turn, work through cultural upbringing, personality and life-style attitudes. His character has been shaped by his idleness, humor, mediocrity and knowledge, and by the melting together of foreign and traditional cultures; his style is expressed in his articles。
The style of zhou's essays is rich, and the most prominent and well-recognized is its dilution. It's his character. This is to be amply demonstrated in the articles and requires a high aesthetic taste, a great deal of learning and a great deal of artistic power, which chorus have。
In this way, knowledge, philosophy and taste are integrated into the discourse. It is not just the character of writing, but the attitude of life, the context, which has reached the level of purity in art. "eat tea, talk about wine, occupant boats, goblins in my home country" are all things that are normal, life is normal, but there are other things that are interesting and philosophical:
Drinking tea under a window of paper, green tea in springs, with a pottery tea with succulent pottery, and drinking with two or three people for half a day, is a decade of dust. ♪ eat tea ♪
What's the fun of drinking? .. And according to me, the taste of wine is only when drinking.. And if it were, then it would be a moment of mouth. Drunk and tired, or should rest for a while, is comforting, but it is not possible to say the true joy of wine. A coma, a dream demon, a whisper, or the memory of one of the world's ills, is limited..
But at last, the sky is just heaven, and it is not known that we can still have a drink without drowning. If that's the case, then it must have been fun again. ♪ talk about wine ♪
You go out on a boat, but you can't be as eager as a tram and expect to be there. ... You should be sitting on a boat with a mountain attitude, looking around, looking around, looking around, looking around, looking around, looking around, looking around on the shore, sleeping in the river with red and white beaks, fishing grounds, all kinds of bridges, sleeping in the cabin when you're tired, taking a pencil, or making a bowl of fresh tea to drink. It's also interesting to sleep in the cabin at night, listening to the sound of water, listening to the sound of the boat, and barking in the country. (booze boat)
It's the attitude and taste of art that makes zhou live. The so-called “drunk man's meaning is not alcohol, but also mountain water”, which is the expression of the art of life in a chorus of his words. This kind of free-flowing art that blends elegance with wildness, extracts it is the individuality and the soul of the chorus。
It's all about the art of the human being, it's all about the fineness of the art, and even the "ghost of the sky" is just a fainting concern. This is the “art of life”, independent of life, an art of self-expression with a distinct personal style。
* excerpts from books of china's history of modern literature (second edition), zhu din ding, ting, zhu xiaojin, editor-in-chief, higher education press, 2nd edition, may 2012。
