Main features
One body weight can be three times greater than at birth, about 9,000 to 10,000 grams。
The length of a body is approximately 50 cm at birth, which generally increases by 3 to 3. 5 cm per month, by 10 to 12 cm by 4 months, and by about 1. 5 times the age of one year。
The three-headed ring was about 34 centimetres at birth, with an increase of 8-10 centimetres in the first half of the year, an increase of 2-4 centimetres in the second half of the year and an average of 46 centimetres at age 1. The growth rate has slowed to about 56 to 58 centimetres for adults。
The bra is 1 to 2 centimetres smaller at birth than its head, and at the end of the child's fourth month, it is basically the same as its head。
The need for heat, protein and other nutrients is particularly strong, given the rapid growth of the brain for some time after birth and the continued increase in the number of brain neurocells, which require adequate balanced and reasonable nutrients, especially quality proteins。
Body organs
Eyes
Visual: 6 months ago was the black and white period for baby vision. The colour period of the baby between the ages of six months and one year, when the baby begins to identify the color。
Oral
At the time of the baby's birth, it has a good digestive function and has a strong fat cushion on its cheeks, which helps to suck, while premature births are poor. Sucking action is a complex natural reflection, and a serious disease can influence that reflection, making it weak and weak。
Neonatal and infant children are exposed to thin oral mucous membranes, blood vessels are rich, saliva is underdeveloped, saliva is less developed, oral mucous membranes are dry, vulnerable to injury and bacterial infections; saliva has begun to increase in three months; it has increased significantly in five months. The amount of starch enzymes in the saliva of children under three months is low and is not suitable for feeding starch food. The baby has a shallow mouth, does not swallow all the saliva that has been distributed in time, and there is frequent physiological salivation。
Pipes
Esophagus are the two main functions: the promotion of food and liquids into the stomach and the prevention of the reversal of the contents of the stomach during swallowing. Neonatal and infant oesophagus have funnels, mucous mucous fibres, gland deficiency, impervious tissue and muscular layers, impregnation, poor control capacity, frequent gastrophagus reaction, most of which disappeared in 8-10 months. Infants often swallow too much air when sucking milk and are prone to spilling milk。
The stomach capacity of the newborn is about 30 to 60 ml, which increases with age, from 90 to 150 ml for 1 to 3 months and 250 to 300 ml for 1 year of age. Because of the low stomach capacity of the newborn, the infant should be fed a small number of times and more often than the older. The baby's stomach is horizontal and its position becomes vertical when it starts walking. The growth of stomach smoothing muscles is not yet complete and can expand the stomach when full of liquid food. Owing to low muscle tension, better development of the clenched bicep and poor autonomous neuroregulation, it is prone to vomiting in the cranium spas. The gastric mucous membranes are rich in blood vessels, but the gland and cup-like cells are smaller, with less hydrochloric acid and enzymes and lower enzymes and less digestive functions than adults。
The time taken to drain the stomach varies according to the type of food, and the amount of milk that is thick and condensed is slow. Of these, water was drained for 1. 5-2 hours, breast milk for 2-3 hours and cow milk for 3-4 hours. The emptiness of the stomach of a premature child is slower, and it is prone to retortion。
Indigestion enzymes
