As far as the world's largest gangs are concerned, the italian mafia or the japanese yakuza group may emerge in their minds, but the long history, the size of their membership, and the fact that they are still standing are not a matter of concern。
This organization, which originated in the early years of china's ching dynasty, has a history of more than 300 years, with a global membership of 900,000 and influence throughout chinese communities around the world. The name of hongmen is so loud that many people say it is curious and a little afraid, after all, no one has ever touched it。
300 years old
In the late 17th century and early 18th century, the qing army came to prison for a short time, with a particularly harsh rule over the han people, shaving their hairs and oppressing the civilian population. The han people in the area of fujian and guangdong were unable to swallow this breath and secretly set up a secret association with the intention of resisting the qing dynasty. This is the forebear of the hung gate, first known as the "concerning of the heavens and the earth" with the slogan "being clear and clear" and sounds tough。
Hongmen's roots are said to have something to do with his success. After zheng's death, his men were so reluctant to leave the dynasty, that they gathered along the south side of fujian, and formed the council of heaven and heaven. They became fathers and mothers in worship, and vowed to overthrow the qing dynasty and restore the han people to the mount. At its inception, the organization was composed mainly of people from the bottom, such as farmers, artisans and some deserters, who were small but motivated。
In the eighteenth century, the floodgate began to flourish. From fujian to guangdong and then to taiwan, the forces are rolling like snowballs. In 1787, a big brother in taiwan, lin chiuwen, with his hongmen brothers, could hardly find the qing army in north china, but the reputation of hongmen was completely lost. When the qing dynasty government looks at this situation, it quickly lists the hung gate as a taboo organization and kills it, but instead makes it more mysterious and attractive。
The nineteenth century was a turning point. At that time, the chinese began to flee to south-east asia, the united states and canada. The hongmen followed the chinese across the sea and took root abroad. For example, chinatown, san francisco, in the middle of the 19th century, there was hongmen, where the chinese helped each other, and hongmen became their back. At the end of the day, it was estimated that there would be millions of members of the hung gate, spread around the global chinese community, and the power was called a scary one。
After qing dynasty fell, hong was still busy. Sun nakayama was closely associated with hongmen when he ran the money for the revolution in the united states, making a huge donation of more than 200,000 dollars and sending people to the uprising. Of the 72 martyrs, 68 were from hongmen, showing how much money they had spent. During the war against japan, the hung gate came forward, and the chinese community around the world organized donations to raise more than $300 million in support of the fight. Even us president roosevelt was impressed by the flood。
When the new china was founded, hongmen was banned on the mainland, and the organization disappeared, but the hong kong gate was not dispersed abroad. In taiwan, hong kong, south-east asia and north america, hong kong is active. After taiwan was lifted in 1987, hongmen openly set up a “social work promotion society” there, which was a part of his identity. Over the past 300 years, from being an anti-qing group, the hunmen have turned into something beyond the past in the global chinese society。
Hung's rank is high
The hung gate can stay with its tight structure for 300 years. This group is not just a bunch of people, but a set of rules from top to bottom, a hierarchy and discipline。
The structure of the hung gate is broadly three-tiered: general, branch and chamber. It is always the highest, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most basic, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, and the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most important, the most responsible, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most, the most. Each level has its own leader and clear responsibilities。
To get into the flood gate, we have to go through a process. Newcomers have to pass through rituals, be kind, light the incense, set the table, kneel down, swear, cut their fingers, drop their blood in the wine, drink it with their brothers, and call it blood. The oath has to say, “if i betray, the heavens and the earth refuse,” and it's the sound of it. Into the door, everyone has a job, and within the hung gate they are numbered, clearly and clearly。
There is also a code system in hongmen, where members meet with codes, such as gestures, tea cups, and even words. At the time of the qing dynasty, people at the docks passed on information, carrying flags and whispering names to confirm their identity before telling the truth。
The organization of the hung gate is not superficial and flexible. There are so many chapters around the world that they can move around at once. Whether it is a political struggle or a profit-making business, hong kong can quickly transfer money. Such efficiency and discipline are key to its ability to remain so long。
From revolution to black work
In the chong dynasty, hongmen was the main anti-qing army, and rebellions were common. In 1787, the lin chiawen uprising, and in 1854, the guangdong hung uprising, all of which came at the mercy of the hung. At the end of the day, hongmen and sun zhongshan were connected, and the xinhe revolution was strong. The wuchang uprising and the huang huabong uprising were all marked by the hongmen brothers. During the war against japan, hunmen organized anti-japanese groups in the chinese diaspora to raise money and support the country in fighting ghosts。
It's not just war. It's money. At the end of the nineteenth century, south-east asia had its share of the smuggling business, which consisted of a lucrative trade in opium, arms and ammunition. In the twentieth century, there was a flood of doors behind the docks, casinos, smokehouses in shanghai. In the modern era, the hongmen are engaged in real estate and investment overseas, ostensibly white, but the underground economy remains intact。
Hongmen has a sense of presence in the chinese community abroad. Chinatown in north america, chinese village in south-east asia, hongmen built temples, celebrated festivals and inherited chinese tradition. Every year, spring festivals and mid-autumn, the hungmen member organizations, danced with dragon lions and helped chinese residents to resolve their disputes and resist external bullying。
However, hongmen has a dark history. Between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, hongmen did a lot of smuggling and drug trafficking. The opium business in south-east asia, and the drug trade in the united states, have branches of the hung gate. In the middle of the 20th century, hong kong's gang movie, the triad was so fierce that it was cold and sweaty。
What's the influence of hungmen? It was the flag of the han resistance in the chong dynasty; in recent times, it was the umbrella of the chinese diaspora; and in modern times, it was an indissoluble presence in chinese society. For 300 years, the work done by the hungmen has been both admirable and complex。
In the twenty-first century, the hung gate is still alive. There are reportedly 900,000 members worldwide, mainly in taiwan, hong kong, south-east asia and north america. Although governments have been very effective in their fight against gangs, the flood has not collapsed on historical foundations and networks。
In taiwan, hongmen blended well through the social work construction promotion association, with cultural activities, donations of money for charity, and in taipei's clubhouse, the old men came together to talk about public goods and learn from younger people. In hong kong, the triad is also a proxy for underground forces, but no one dares to look down. On this side of north america, the court of appeal in chinatown, san francisco, and the hongmen branch in vancouver, have also made a good living in china, helping chinese to take legal action and invest。
However, hong gate is in trouble. Young people are not interested in this old-school organization, with more faces and less new blood. This, together with the increasingly stringent laws of various countries, has resulted in a poor illegal business and a rather crowded living space. The hongmen members of taiwan are almost 70 years old, the successors are hard to find and the organization is less dynamic。
Hongmen's future road is hard to say. In the short term, it can survive on human connections and historical foundations, but in the long run globalization and the rule of law are a major test. Transition is necessary, leaving the label completely out, focusing on cultural heritage, social services and perhaps a way out. Hongmen in south-east asia started investing in schools, and hongmen in north america organized cultural festivals that attracted a lot of outsiders to come and see。
Why hasn't anyone moved yet? There are several reasons. First, history is too solid, and the foundations of 300 years are not simply unearthed. Secondly, it is too human, with a global membership of 900,000, which involves a wide range of industries, and whose impact is measured. Thirdly, it is too well organized, internal disciplined and difficult to infiltrate. In the end, it's too powerful, it's a symbol in the chinese community, and anyone who touches it has to wonder if it's going to piss everyone off。
