Report on the internship in gardening
Report of a training course in garden tree cultivation
This internship in gardening and tree cultivation in hangzhou studied garden tree planting and conservation in the dongshan service of the ning hang highway, the green belt of the shao xing moat, canal park, national horticulture, hangzhou prince bay park, longbridge park, hangzhou garden, west lake west entrance, west creek wetlands park, etc. Internships will be reported below in four areas: survey, planning and selection of green tree species, survey of garden tree planting and conservation, survey of tree planting, and conservation management of ancient trees。
1 survey, planning and selection of green tree species
1. 1 ecological conditions: light, slope, topography, soil type, soil moisture, pest hazard levels, air pollution levels and major pollutants, wind, etc。
Location of investigation: east mount service, ninghang highway
The ninghang highway service is located in the city of nanjing, under the foot of dong hsiaoshan, the source of the qin huai river, 20 km in the direction of ning hang. The area, which belongs to the lower and middle plains of the yangtze river, has a low level of terrain and has been flattened by the planned construction of service areas, which have made it suitable for the growth of many plain plants. The weather conditions in the region are good, subtropical monsoon climate, which is not cold in the region, with average temperatures generally above 0°c in january, hotter summer, average temperatures generally around 25°c in july, and a marked change in the direction of winter and summer winds, with annual precipitation generally above 1,000 mm, mainly concentrated in summer and fewer winters, thus providing a good environment for the growth of long-green broad-leaved forests, such as shellbok, zachko, yamakako, mulanko and kimbe. Pecco and others are the usual green tree species in the region。
The soil type in the area is mainly yellow-red border soil, with a clear concentration of iron and aluminium material, with good water maintenance, combined with annual precipitation in the area, ensuring sufficient soil moisture in the area. Because subtropical green forests play an important role in the formation of the red frontier, they are also a good soil type that grows in subtropical green forests。
Air pollution is relatively low and the main air pollutants are carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide compounds in car exhausts, due to their location on the ning hang highway, and there are other suspended particulate matter from coal combustion and dust rises on the ground。
Motor vehicle tail gas has an impact on plant growth, as evidenced by overgrowth or slow or ill growth of plants, and plants in an environment contaminated with tails are significantly less likely to grow than plants in normal conditions. Yellow leaves and atrophy are more severe, such as the yellowing of fragrance leaves; nitrogen monoxide has less impact on plant growth, but in rain, especially in summer thunderstorms, nitrogen oxides react with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides and water react to produce nitrates, i. E. Nitrogen oxides, which are beneficial to plant growth; sulphur dioxide, which is harmful to plant growth because of acid rain; nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons can produce two pollutants (light chemical smoke) in sunlight, which can also endanger plant health; and suspended particles often absorb harmful substances such as lead cadmium and pesticides。
1. 3 optimization programme
Based on the functional characteristics of the region as a freeway service area, plant allocation should focus on reducing pollution and improving the environment, and landscape development should be secondary. According to the main sources of contaminants in the region are the various substances in the car exhaust gas, so the contamination will be based on trees - the resistance of suspended particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides compounds is primarily used as the basis for plant selection, taking into account economic principles and based on an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing plant configurations, to propose tree species adaptation, planning and selection optimization options。
Number. More expensive and less resistant plants such as cherry blossoms and red maple can be reduced or replaced。
1. 4 forest tree resources survey
Survey of the main forest and tree resources in the nursery areas of zhejiang to provide a market and realistic basis for tree selection and allocation zhejiang zhejiang horticulture
Survey of gardening and conservation of trees
2. 1 survey area: hangzhou crown bay park, tiger springs, ningboche state park
The result of inadequate plant farming in ningbo county park is that the forest is grown in a disorderly manner, the earth is exposed, the bush leaves are thin and sick. The preparation and rehabilitation of the plant land is not in place, the soil is very compact, plant growth is affected, and the leaves are thin。
There is a lack of consideration of the plant level, and due to insufficient light, the small wood under the big wood is not growing well and the lower shrub leaves are thin。
2. 2 summary of tree planting and conservation
2. 1. 1 plant conservation in the crown bay park of hangzhou, where trees are planted and conserved, is reflected in the fact that they are well covered on the ground, only green, not yellow soil, and small wood, which is very strong and thick. The successful remediation of the planting grounds, the levelling of the ground and the good growth of the ground are indicative of good ventilation and moisture conditions and the growth of the plants. At the planting level, consideration is given to both the top-down mix and the differences between the previous and the future, ensuring that adequate cement repair of the various layers of plant light follows certain principles and methods, and that planting and management measures are tailored to the realities of plant species, cultivated terrain, soil, moisture, light and temperature。
The planting of trees in the garden should begin with the identification of the principles on which the trees are grown and the corresponding preparation. The preparation of the gardening and tree-planting project includes the following: an overview of the project, a mapping exercise to develop the construction programme, site preparation and technical training. The construction principles to be followed in planting are: the need to comply with planning and design requirements; the need to adapt construction techniques to the living habits of the trees; the need to accommodate the proper planting season and to rationalize the sequencing of planting; the need to improve economic accounting and efficiency; and the strict application of technical specifications and operating procedures for planting works. The technical specifications and operating procedures for planting are a summary of the experience with tree planting and the rules governing the technical aspects of tree planting, which must be strictly enforced。
The sorting and improvement of planting sites is an important component of planting, including topography, ground soil preparation and fertilization, soil improvement, with the aim of providing good soil conditions for trees to survive in the early stages of planting and in the long-term future。
Different types of trees follow different planting techniques, with different techniques for planting trees and leaves, as well as different methods for planting wood, shrubs and hedges, and with different conditions for planting the same trees, so that they are adapted to local conditions and tree-specific。
2. 1. 2 the conservation and management of trees in the garden includes soil management, fertilizer management, moisture management, and photo-management. Scientific conservation management is of great importance, as evidenced by scientific soil management, which enhances soil fertility, improves soil structure and physicology and meets the nutrient needs of trees; scientific water management, which enables trees to grow and develop normally under suitable water conditions; fertilizer management, which provides scientific nutrition control of trees, meets the various nutrients that trees lack, ensures that trees grow well and gives notice of the effects of foliage; timely reduction and prevention of the hazards of natural disasters, pests and human factors to forest trees, which promote their healthy growth but provide sustainable functional benefits; and retrofitting, which regulates the relationship between the growth and development of trees and maintains good tree shapes and enables trees to perform better functions. Learning and on-site observation have led to some understanding of the conservation methods of trees. The most common methods of conservation of tree bodies include the repair of branches, the repair of tree wounds and caves, slings, support, the whiteing of trunks and bridges。
3 tree transplant surveys
3. 1 survey area: all internships
The vanilla is flat, the watery lawn, the watery conditions, the light is full. The strength of 25-30 centimetres of vanilla plethora, which is a drying method, is that it can control the height of branches, suspend, transport easily, reduce the moisture and nutrient consumption of leaves, and contribute to higher rates of survival; the disadvantage is the poor greening effect in the near future. Conservation management is in place but not well supported。
Silver almonds, planting terrain flat, hangzhou climate warm and wet, moisture temperature conditions good, light enough. Silver almonds have 20-25 cm chest sizes, which are grown to trim the branches, carry earth ball transplants, trim the branches to make transport easier, prevent the branches from breaking up during transport, protect the roots of trees from water scarcity, with the disadvantage that the recent landscape is not working well, and the strains are being trimmed to a bit of a pallet. Conservation management, in particular, is well supported。
Accompaniment, cultivation, at a higher point in the microgeography, with good water heat and sufficient light. With 30 cm chest size, the method of transplantation is a naked root transplant, based on the characteristic of climatism and insatiable flooding, which has the disadvantage of having to be transplanted as soon as possible from the original planting ground to the planting site, otherwise the root is subject to wind blowing and dehydration and insect bite. It's very well managed, it's very well developed, it's pretty tall, it's green, it's green。
Ikewood, planted on the edge of the water, growing in a wet and hot environment, with a chest size of 15-20 cm, is planted by shifting to a mud ball because it's a very wet tree, growing ring
3. 2 summary of successful experiences with tree transplants
3. 2. 1 preparation of all pre-grain transplant preparations
Large tree transplantation is a systematic project that is linked not only to the extraction, lifting, planting, maintenance, but also to tree type, habits, living environment, etc., which requires adequate demonstration before a large tree transplant. Technically, full consideration should be given to the suitability of the environment, such as climatic conditions, standing conditions and, in terms of effects, the compatibility of tree-shaped features with the surrounding environment. At the same time, large-scale tree cultivation is a highly operational undertaking, and in order to be successful, the following preparations should be made. First, to develop a scientifically sound construction programme. A detailed plan for the orderly planting of trees is drawn up from the beginning of the tree extraction, packaging and transfer to planting. Second, trees are designed to match the points planted so that they are not spread over too long a period of time to allow for timely excavation, transport and planting, and to maximize the conditions conducive to the production of trees。
3. 2. 2 launching and lifting of trees
The big tree rises and digs the earth. First of all, the size of the earthball, which is too large and loose, makes it more difficult to transport; it is too small and can harm the root system and affect life. To ensure the survival rate, the earthball diameter is based on twice the length of the trunk (1 m high) plus the dry diameter. Second, earthball repair is crucial. When the earth ball is fixed to a depth of 1/2, it is gradually grounded in until it shrinks to one third of the diameter of the earthball, where it is smoothed and its surfaces smoothed and its lower surface flatened. Finally, the earthballs must be packaged in such a way as not to disperse them。
A tree hanger is reasonable. The good and bad operation of the tree is directly related to the productivity of the tree transplant and the beauty of the tree. Particular attention will be paid to protecting the trunks and earthballs from damage to the barks of the trees and against the scatterballs. It is usually carried by cranes。
3. 2. 3 plantation and conservation management of large trees
Large trees are planted as a key element of the whole process, and in order to increase the transplantation rate of large trees, it is necessary to load them in a timely manner and to minimize the amount of time left behind. As it used to be said, “three parts of the tree grow seven parts of the tube”. Conservation management after planting is particularly important. As mentioned above, conservation should be carried out in soil, soil, fertilization, water management, and light. Only by taking note of these points can the survival rate of the trees be guaranteed。
Conservation management of 4 ancient trees
4. 1 an ancient tree survey, survey area: all internships land
The maple, 2 plants, hangzhou temple of invisible, 200 years old, warm and wet growing environment, adequate light, soil fertility, adequate moisture, approximately 80 cm and 100 cm chest size, good growth posture, with no cavity, healing, no support or orthopaedic support, and largely maintenance of its natural environment, is the reason why it is not in place, and there are no other protective measures other than signs, which are vulnerable to human destruction and should be fenced without compromising the impact of the landscape。
The 100-year age of the samurai, 1 plant, hangzhou west creek wetland, with enough light for bad times and a crown of about 10 m, with cement filling the hole, a good growth pattern, and a fence around the trunk, effectively reducing the human impact of ancient trees. The problem is that, because of the low branching of trees and their location in the middle of the road, which has an impact on movement and is inevitably subject to human interference, the reorganisation of traffic should be considered in the design of protective measures, so as to allow for artificial displacement of ancient trees。
Rhame, one of whom, sau xinlu, lived in the country for 100 years, grew in a moist environment, was not well-growing because of the low lighting conditions in the courtyard and about 4 m in a crown, and was heavily affected by the lack of special protection measures for rhame because of the large number of tourists residing in the country. In addition, the lame sex light, with a little shade, and the light at the growth point, which is not sufficient, makes the planting of the plant unsound. In conservation and management, light conditions may be difficult to achieve and protective measures can be strengthened to reduce anthropogenic interference。
4. 2 summary of successful experiences in conservation of ancient trees
The ancient tree name wood is a living relic of our country and is of greater value than a normal view of the trees and is incomparable to ordinary trees. However, the age of the tree, the declining growth of the tree, the declining growth of the roots, the increase in the number of dead branches, the vulnerability to adverse factors, or the exposure to man-made destruction until death have led to a sharp reduction in the number of ancient trees. To that end, the ancient tree shall be carefully managed to create a favourable environment for its growth。
The protection of ancient trees must: (i) preserve the ecological environment and not simply relocate, nor build houses, excavating, dumping, sewage around ancient trees; (ii) defend against natural disasters, such as the installation of lightning rods on larger ancient trees to avoid lightning hitting trees; (iii) publicize the importance of preserving ancient trees, so that the preservation of ancient trees and the preservation of green is a conscious action by the population; and (iv) create fences to prevent man-made collisions and carving of trees and to maintain soil ablaze. The conservation management of ancient trees should: (i) remove the weak branches and give rise to new strong branches; (ii) use a bridge to restore life to the weak trees; (iii) repeated planting of pine soil during the growing season, deep winters and application of organic fertilizers to improve soil structure and air permeability; and (iv) strengthen fat water management (5) pest control。
Five gardens trees cultivated theory
Through this training course in gardening, there is a more intuitive understanding of tree planting, conservation management, tree transplantation and preservation of ancient trees. A combination of knowledge of books and lectures by teachers in the course of their internships has addressed some of the problems encountered in self-study and has also corrected unrealistic ideas. The greatest harvest of the internship was a profound appreciation of the importance of tree conservation management. Whether trees are planted, transplanted or protected by ancient trees, careful conservation management is required. In terms of time, conservation management is a long-term undertaking, requiring more effort than transplantation, and trees must rely on sound conservation management if they are to grow healthy over the long term. For the conservation of ancient trees, essentially conservation and management, trees are affected by man-made factors and need to rely on man-made management to reduce such impacts for conservation purposes through the management of growing environments and human activities. Of course, the consideration of tree activity in tree planting and transplantation cannot be ignored on conservation management alone. Tree cultivation is a systematic process that takes into account both the effectiveness of current work and the long-term effects of tree planting. Ultimately, since trees are planted for life, tree cultivation cannot be a mechanical process that needs to be adapted to local conditions and integrated with the specificities of the tree。
2011/5/24
