In recent days, mushroom growers in the sierra area have called the 12396 hotline to consult on current techniques for mushroom cultivation, especially in the mushroom management phase, which was answered by the researcher chen wen liang, an expert on fungi at the service hotline。
The mushrooms are the main food mushrooms that are currently being cultivated in the country, are easy to grow and cost-effective and are favoured by producers. In the northern region, where winter temperatures are low and mushroom management is generally carried out in the greenhouses, the winter mushroom sheds sometimes suffer from death, no mushrooms, malformations and pest hazards due to factors such as nutrition, temperature, moisture and light. The following aspects should therefore be noted in the management of mushrooms:
I. Correct temperature regulation. In the case of mushrooms, the temperature difference is more than 10 °c before the mushrooms are produced. The formation and growth of low-temperature flat mushrooms is generally normal at 5°c-25°c, which is less than 3°c and difficult to produce, and the quality of mushrooms is reduced by excessive temperatures. Thus, the temperature of mushrooms should be most favourable between 8°c and 18°c, at least not below 3°c and not above 25°c。
Strengthening water management. The mushroom room should be kept humid, with relative humidity at 85 to 95 per cent, not less than 80 per cent and not more than 95 per cent. It is important to maintain moisture in the mushroom room on a regular basis, but be careful that water cannot be sprayed directly on the original base and on little mushroom buds, otherwise it is likely to cause mushrooms. Spraying of mushrooms directly to the mushrooms is not possible during the follicle lid (more than 2 cm in diameter) with suitable sprayers. Maintaining the relative humidity of the mushroom houses is critical to the use of more water on the ground, 2-3 times a day and more dry weather. If the amount of water contained in a fungus is less than 55 per cent after the appearance of one or two mushrooms, either the water is recharged to the bag or the soil is planted to increase the amount of water contained in the bag。
3. Regular ventilation. In order to maintain fresh air for mushrooms, carbon dioxide concentrations in air should not exceed 0. 1 per cent. During the cold seasons, air is ventilated after the midday spraying; much of it occurs early and late at high temperatures. Ventilation should be considered in conjunction with wetting, which is generally the main factor, but in the event of high humidity, it must be treated with care. Ventilation must take place slowly so that the mushrooms do not lose too much water, causing deformities such as curling or cracking on the edges of the mushrooms. The method of ventilating is 50 cm-100 cm wide of plastic sheeting on the front side of the solar greenhouse and the presence of ventilation holes in the rear wall of the greenhouse。
(iv) attention to light management. Sphinx filament growth does not require light, and it is best to keep the environmental conditions dark. However, when a sub-entity is formed, there is a need for sufficient dispersing light, and increased exposure to dispersing light can induce the original base of the sub-entity to divide and contribute to the normal development of the sub-entity and its early ripening. Therefore, the conditions for spreading light in the mushroom room during the mushroom season should not be too dark, and the intensity of the light should be between 200 and 1,000 lekdis, but not in the light
V. Processing of harvests in due course. Under suitable conditions, it takes 5-7 days for mushrooms from their original base to their progeny. The timely collection of spores is better when they have not been heavily ejected when the inner cortex of the fungus caps is in place。
The mushroom harvest should be followed by the removal of the foot of the fungus and the old fungus in the fungus bag, the maintenance of the moist surface and the continuation of microbreeding management as required during the period of mybsculation, with the appearance of a second mushroom bud in about 7-10 days. Biology efficiency can be 120-150 per cent or more if it is properly managed and can be grown at a time to harvest more than 4-5 tide mushrooms。
Chen wen liang: researcher of the institute for the conservation of the environment, academy of agroforestry and forestry sciences, beijing, currently honorary president of the beijing association for erosion and standing member of the committee of experts of the beijing association for erosion. For decades, studies have been carried out on edible bacteria, with extensive practical experience in the scientific study of edible bacteria, demonstration promotion and management of production techniques。
