High mountain high-quality tomato cultivation is critical
Chagas, etc
Tomatoes are an important vegetable vegetable type, fed with fruit and cultivated everywhere. Potato is produced in central and south america, warm and intolerant. In the yangtze basin, the tomato cultivation season in the plains is mainly in the spring and autumn, where early spring and even winter cultivation can be achieved using planting facilities, and in the autumn, after autumn. However, in the yangtze basin plains, no tomato products were collected between july and early october, while the plateau or slopes, at a certain altitude, were suitable for tomato growth due to cool summer. As a result, rain-shield facilities can be used to plant tomatoes in mountain areas above 600 metres; at the same time, high mountains are characterized by high temperatures and better-quality tomatoes than plain areas. Based on many years of experimental demonstration, key technologies for high-quality tomato cultivation in mountains are summarized below。
1. Selection of high-quality varieties
The variety of tomatoes is large and high-quality tomatoes are grown in the mountains, with regard to the selection of varieties in the following areas: quality, cherry tomatoes, medium fruit tomatoes (attributive tomatoes), soluble composition of large fruit tomatoes of 9%, 7% and more, respectively, and sour sweetness, with visible tomato tastes; unlimited growth type, with no choice of limited type of growth; more durable storage of fruit and no fisssure fruit; and products conform to the consumption habits of the target market. In addition, tomato varieties must be registered by the state and suitable for cultivation within the production area. Zhejiang province, where zhejiang high mountain tomato cultivation takes place, cherry tomatoes generally choose “handing 503, red wind bells”, medium fruit tomatoes choose “handing 602, etc.”, large fruit tomatoes choose “handing 603” (polls), “zaching 203” (big red fruit) etc。
2. Selection of suitable plots and soil improvement
(1) land selection the selection of tomato parcels generally requires an altitude above 600 metres and above 800 to 1,000 metres above sea level; the choice may be for terraces, terraces or slopes, but the soil is as much as 30 cm。
Soil improvement soils in high mountain areas are generally characterized by acidity, shallow tillage, low organic content, poor water preservation fertility, which requires strict soil improvement and the opening of drains for the production of high-quality tomato products and the highest possible yield of fruit. Specific requests are as follows。
Open drains: different plots, different requirements. The focus of the site was to clear the trenches in order to avoid the build-up of water on the surface; the general interior of the terraces was high on the outer side, which was essential to prevent the build-up of water on the inside of the terraces; and the slopes were focused on the opening of the upper gutters to prevent mountain water from pouring into the shed facilities. Increased application of organic fertilizers: mountain transport is relatively difficult, with the possibility of stacking farmers ' fertilizers and front-loading. Conditional application of commercial organic fertilizer, as well as decomposition of sheep and rabbit dung, etc. In addition, acre (1 acre = 667 square metres, down with the same) application of phosphates to 40-50 kg and 15% per cent of potassium nitrogen to 30-40 kg. Replenishment of lime: in order to regulate the acidity of the plough, organic fertilisation and soil conversion are followed by dusting of plaster from 75 to 100 kg per acre, followed by guttering。
3. Use of rain-shield cultivation
High-mountain areas are characterized by erratic rainfall and high humidity, which can induce bacterial and fungal diseases of all kinds, and rain-shield cultivation is one of the keys to high-quality tomato cultivation in high-mountain areas。
Rain-shield cultivation is generally carried out in the form of shacks, which are mostly monolithic, and can be constructed with the conditions to build them. There are differences in the manner in which the huts are constructed, depending on the conditions on the ground. Stations are generally built north-south, slopes must follow the slopes from top to bottom, and terraces follow the extension of the ladder. In the central and downstream areas of the yangtze river, as snowfalls are frequent in winter, alpine cultivation facilities are generally used only for summer and autumn cultivation, and during the winter, the building requirements of the sheds (e. G. Arch space) can be appropriately reduced to save the building costs. The sheds cover the tops, but generally do not cover the sides of the skirts。
4. Promotion of marriage cultivation
Severe ailments are prevalent in high mountain tomato cultivation. Decay is a bacterial disease transmitted by soil and the acidic environment (under 6. 0 ph) is an important condition for its occurrence. At present, the most effective and operational technique for preventing tomato ash in the production of tomatoes, which are now widely cultivated, is the use of anti-synthetic wood varieties for indoctrination. The herring of tomatoes must be highly resistant to ailments, and the herring of tomatoes must be matched. The most common varieties of tomatoes, such as "stupid" and "beautiful 2", are tomatoes, which generally have no adverse effects on the quality of the fruit. High-mountain tomato seedlings are usually cultivated in plain areas or low-altitude areas, and it is easier to marry tomatoes in march-april using common large-shed nursery facilities. In recent years, marriage has usually taken place using the adhesive method. The following should be noted when intending to plant tomatoes: bridal interfaces for tomato seedlings should be higher than 3 cm above soil; membrane cover should be promoted; when seedlings are insufficient or for conservation purposes when seedling costs are incurred, it can be properly rared and integrated with double poles。
5. Reasonable plant adjustment
(1) the whole plant of the high mountain tomato is usually grown using a single pole, removing all the branches that occur in the armpit. Special attention needs to be paid to the following aspects of the whole branch: first, the time of the first full branch needs to be appropriately delayed in order to promote the growth of the root system; second, the whole branch needs to be carried out on a regular basis and, once the whole branch begins, the side branch should be removed in a timely manner; and third, the whole branch needs to be broken with hands. Apart from the fact that shears and scissors may not be used to cut them off, four is that if a strain is encountered with a viral disease in the course of the process, the strain should be removed after the completion of the rest of the plant; the fifth is that the whole plant should be dried up to avoid the rain and the whole branch should end at around 4 p. M。
(ii) standings. All infinity-growing tomatoes are grown on a shelf and generally on a “human” frame. At a height of about 30 cm, a pole (or branch) measuring approximately 2. 2 m is inserted on the outer side of each tomato seedling, or 1. 5 m above the ground, is fixed with a pole, which gives the word “human”. As the plant grows, the chickens are tied in time to bring the plant up。
(3) there are large differences in the number of flowers per flower and the number of fruits suitable for retention, depending on the tomato variety. In general, large fruit tomato varieties retain about three or so fruits per bouquet, medium fruit tomato varieties retain about four or so fruits per bouquet, and cherry tomatoes keep about 120 or so fruits per bouquet during their growth (of which the number of first bouquets and last bouquets should not be excessive), and the rest should be removed。
(4) upon full expansion of the first and second bouquets, the old and sick leaves of the plant base may be properly removed from the plant, depending on the growth of the plant, and the time required for leaf removal is the same as for the whole branch. After 8 to 9 bouquets of plant, two to three leaves are kept above the last bouquet, which is determined by altitude and slope, to ensure that the last bouquet is frozen to reach or close to the chromium。
6. Scientific fertilizer management
Tomatoes require high fertility and a wet soil environment, but water is not allowed to accumulate. Therefore, on high mountain tomato cultivation, micro-accumulation can be used under specific mountain conditions, and water fertilization and irrigation can be used in micro-water facilities。
In high-mountain tomato cultivation, double-line planting is generally used, with 1,600 to 2,000 units per acre. When the ground is fully covered, two internal drip irrigation pipes are laid in each of the puddles, covering the membrane after testing the water and ensuring that the piping is unclogged and undamaged, and adjusting the position of the drip irrigation pipes after planting to a distance of 5 to 8 cm from the seedlings. Water is delivered in a timely manner using drip irrigation, which should not normally exceed 10 minutes at a time。
Based on the application of base fattening, tomatoes are generally not followed up before they begin to harvest, and in case of insufficient fertility, the water soluble potassium phosphorus is followed up by 10 to 15 kg/acre during the 2nd precipitation period; every 15 days after the start of the harvest is followed by fattening of about 3 kg per acre of high potassium water solubility (e. G. 16-8-34), using drip irrigation。
7. Green control of pests and diseases
Highland tomatoes are grown with the main diseases of aging, viral disease, early disease, as well as greyy disease, among others. Insects are mainly aphids, smoke ticks, slashed night moths, etc。
The prevention of ailments is based mainly on anti-sterilization; 70 per cent of the pre-epidemic disease is administered 800 times the dose of desen manganese zinc; asymptomamine 500-600 times the dose (25-37 g per acre); viral diseases are mainly transmitted by aphids and smoke lice, and the prevention of aphids and smoke lice is done in a timely manner during and before the post-planting results, with 70 per cent of aphids (3-4 g per acre, 7,500-11,250 times the fluid per acre); smoke lice can be used as a mineral oil spray (300-500 g per acre, 90-150 times the mist per acre, 1. 2-2. 1 g, 15,000-22,000 times the fluid spray per acre) and beams can be used mainly as a sexual bait and are used in combination with the removal of eggs or a concentration of young adults。
8. Timely collection
The harvest period for high-mountain tomatoes is related to the distance from which products are transported. Proximity sales can be collected at the maturity of the fruit, sold at long distances, and the harvest should be performed at an appropriate early stage, so that the product reaches the target market and is ripe。
Most of the tomatoes currently produced are ionospheric varieties of fruit handles, which should be collected from the ion layer of fruit handles (i. E. Fruit with fruit handles) and maintain the integrity of the slices。
