On 30 november, the daytime temperature in beijing was reduced to 5°c, with a cold wind blowing its face off. In the greenhouses located in the northern triangulation, one of the police stations is still flourishing, some of which are still waiting, some of which are beginning to throw up, and others are blooming. Why can't we have a winter festival? The secretary-general of the police research centre of the china agricultural institute and deputy researcher of the chinese institute of vegetable flowers, who works in the greenhouses, told the journalists that in decades of research, researchers had artificially broken the hibernation of the bushes of the police and opened up the police at any time they wished, while acquiring a richer variety in the form of distant intertwining。
Xue xuan, secretary-general of the police research centre of the chinese agricultural institute and deputy researcher of the chinese institute of vegetable flowers, told the story of raising the police. The news reporter wang jing, film and make
First step in breeding, gathering wild resources between mountains and oceans
Pony dan is a classic symbol of traditional chinese culture, the fragrance of the country and the king of the flowers, all of which he speaks of. For thousands of years, there have been too many admirals about the police, “the world is so full of beauty that it takes the first fragrance of the human race”, “who doesn't love the flowers of the police and takes away the good things of the city”, and the most famous, “only the true country of the police, when the flowers bloom”。
This beautiful plant, which originated in china, was domesticated and nurtured by our ancestors thousands of years ago, from its first medicine to its subsequent use. In the history of the millennium, many legends have been left behind, as well as the accumulation of famous items, such as yao wei and zhao, green, which have been sought for flower lovers。
However, in modern times, traditional goods are becoming increasingly difficult to meet market needs。
Starting in the 1980s and 1990s, a group of scientists began the process of nurturing new breeds in the country. In contrast to other crops, the seeding of the pontoon begins from scratch。
“the first step is to gather the seed resources of wild policemen.” xue said to journalists。
Pontan, of chinese origin, is a native chinese flower with more than 1,400 plant varieties, and nine of its wild species are all of chinese origin, most of them in the deep mountains of daechuang. When she first entered the profession, xue spent a lot of time looking for wild policing in the mountains and fields。
The search for wild policing is not to excavate nature's pyrotechnics, which destroys raw resources, but to collect their pollen and seeds, “the most frequent being in the mountains of yunnan and sichuan, where we drive a car, a mountain, find a mountain, make a mark, and then collect pollen when it blooms, and then collect the seeds。
Years of collection have not only provided the basis for breeding, but also preserved a variety of wild resources, and xue told journalists that, as a result of climate change, particularly the drought fever of these years, some wild policing has disappeared, and others, because of development factors that have led to changes in the local environment, which have also led to the disappearance of some wild species. However, since they had been collected in advance, those resources had been preserved. Seeds collected will be brought back to beijing, planted and spread locally in beijing, but different environments cause them a lot of trouble. The first problem after beijing is that seeds don't germinate. We use low-temperature treatment to sow seeds and plant them into the ground, but in summer, it's too hot, it's dead, it's cold, it's freezing. In the end, we found a better place to grow in yenqing, beijing, where we established a nursery for wild policing, where we kept living animals, and where we expanded and gained more plantage.”
It'll take four seasons to break the hibernation of the sprouts
It usually blooms in april-may of each year, usually for half a month or so, and the short duration of the flower is a shared regret of the ancient people who loved it. “yo wong wei's first time, without a feeling of hatred,” in the ancient poem, “the night rises, the price is gone,” and the short duration of the festival is all hailed。
How can we see the police flower in more time
This is one of the most important research directions of the police team at the chinese agricultural institute. Xue told journalists that they had discovered that the sprouts were in a “sleeping state” during the non-facing period, in order to accumulate nutrients in preparation for the next opening. In order for it to be open on non-fatal times, it is necessary to break the hibernation by manual means and let the police bloom。
“in a natural state, after one flower, it goes through summer, autumn, winter and then spring and summer. It's its biological clock, it's a natural cycle, and it's artificially adjusted to allow it to bloom early, or to delay it.” “the most important thing is that winter, after a low-temperature phase, when spring's temperature rises, and the sprouts wake up from hibernation, and all we have to do is through technology that makes it think that it's past winter and spring, so that it will bloom at any time we want.”
It is not easy to do this, first of all by choosing the appropriate species. According to xue, not every species is suitable for such an adjustment. In fact, most of the species are very dormant, and it is difficult to awaken by manual means, with only a small fraction of them having a low level of hibernation, which can awaken some 120 of the existing varieties。
How do you wake up these light sleep sprouts? There are many ways, as xue said, “the preservation of cold temperatures is a universal way of placing upscaling antlers in a low-temperature environment, which makes them mistakenly think that it's winter, that it's time to move out, that it's warm in the greenhouses, that it's like winter is over, that it's spring, and it's time to bloom. In this case, the dormant buds will awaken, the leaves will bloom. If the cold doesn't awaken it completely, there are other ways we can stimulate it to awaken and bloom when we want.”
Through manual intervention, scientists can allow the police to bloom at any time they want, such as mid-autumn, new year, spring, national day, etc., and xue told reporters that the main direction of the current culture is that of policing, which blooms on new year's day, spring and national day, “at this stage, the demand for flowers is higher, and we are making it a new kind of night flower so that people can see it at home during the festival.”
It's a rich variety
Access to four-season, open-ended policing varieties is not the end of breeding。
Because of the small variety of “light hibernations”, which are made up of four seasons of policing, it's also very single: “many are light pink flowers, which are not rich enough.” xue said。
How do we get a richer variety? Mixing is undoubtedly the first option and one of the most widely used breeding methods。
“the wild owl is rich in colours and variety, such as in tibet, there is a wild owl owl owl, which is a very good color, compared to the traditional owl of yao owl, which is actually a light yellow, which fades during flowering, but which is very good.” she said, “but wild police have their own disadvantages, such as the fact that flowers are usually small, with a diameter of 3-4 centimetres, which is less than a layer, or even a single petal, so do we think that by mixing these wild resources with those that have already developed, can we get a richer variety?”
In mid-november of this year, the chinese institute of agriculture published " 31 new products for major new agricultural and rural technologies " , in which the only new product selected was the "sequence of fine-fashioned new varieties" developed by the police team of the chinese institute of vegetable flowers and flowers。
“this is a series of new varieties that we have acquired through a combination of distance, including purple, dark red, light red, yellow, etc.” and xue said, "for example, one of the reds, the color is as beautiful as the chinese red."
What's the difference between distant and common? According to xue's introduction, there are seven levels of taxonomy, boundary, door, platform, purpose, science, class, species, and general commingling, all within the species, i. E. Between plants of the same species, which we use as a hybrid between different species, so it is more difficult to call distant intertwining。
The fact that different types of policing often live in different environments, different regions, and often with different gestations makes it almost impossible, in a natural state, to have a multiplicity of problems, and there are many problems to be addressed。
“regional and environmental problems are relatively simple and can be solved by artificial planting, bringing together wild varieties from different regions, allowing them to pollinate each other and to mix.” she said, “but there are problems, different varieties, different bouquets, and natural pollination may not be possible. If the plant that provides pollen starts to bloom earlier, we collect pollen, and then pollinate after the flowering of late-lived varieties. If the pollen blooms later, the pollen will be preserved until the following year.”
Each new species will require at least two hybrids
Crop breeding, often with long cycles and uncertain outcomes, requires heavy manpower and long waiting periods. This is especially true of the police。
“it takes four to five years to grow and to bloom. In his presentation, xue said, “this means that we have acquired, through artificial pollination, mixed seeds, which often take four to five years from planting to knowing the outcome of the hybrid. Moreover, it does not mean that there must be a good breed.”
Mixing is a process of interaction, selection and fragmentation of genetic materials, multiplicity of different varieties, separation of parents ' nature, different characteristics in the next generation, a high probability of separation, and the harvesting of thousands of hybrid seeds at a time, possibly thousands of different manifestations, of which only one or two may be better, or which breeders need, and none may be present. It is more likely that some individuals have the sexual trait that some breeders want, and in this case there will be a further mixing。
“by and large, the acquisition of each new species takes at least two hybrids, that is, 10 years.” xue said。
In such a multiplicity, distant multiplicity shows a better function: “the multiplicity is the sexual integration and separation of different varieties, so theoretically, the closer the parent-to-child relationship, the less the parent-to-child bond, the more the relative bond, the more the separation, the more the choice”. “creating requires a very hard effort, sometimes a little bit of luck, bad luck, and no good hybrids, and simply continues to repeat the work done previously.”
Fortunately, the team has had good luck, and in recent years a number of new varieties have been developed, which have become serials and have entered the market, displaying the national aroma in various festivals and places。
“as needed, we can now produce a police field that blooms at any time, for example, on the national day, and we can begin to cultivate it early, so that it blooms during the national day, and so can other holidays, and in the future, it is possible to customize ourselves in our vision that someone wants to grow a few individuals alone at a particular time, such as a birthday, at home, for example.”
Do you think it's possible that a normal person would be able to handle the skills of the police at any time
According to xue, the method is not difficult, but it is more environmentally demanding, “so it is difficult for ordinary people at present. Oysterian growth has certain requirements for temperature and humidity, which are difficult to meet in the home environment, such as in winter, dry cold in the north and heating in the interior through heating, but must be dry and not wet enough. The south is wet and cold, without air-conditioning heating, with insufficient temperature, with heating and air conditioning, and is also facing drying problems. As a result, normal home environments are not suitable for the development of winter-flowered policing. In fact, it is now available in the market at a price similar to that of other night flowers, and there is no need to cultivate them.”
In addition, xue said that if the family buys a porpoise in new year's, the flowers don't be thrown away, planted in a small garden, it can grow naturally, according to natural patterns, “any porpoise that has been raised for at least five years is too bad to throw away”
It's not just a view, it's a practical thing
The team in xue zhiqiang, which has grown into dozens of new varieties, has taken root throughout the country. He described the area currently being planted by the police throughout the country as being about 5 million acres (this is the area currently being cultivated by all of the police, not by new varieties)。
5 million acres, is there enough market digestion
In fact, these are not just for watching, but for cash crops。
“in ancient times, the pharmacological plant was the first of its kind, the root of which was the main pharmacological part, called `danpi', and later became a plant with a dual function of appreciation and medicine.” xue said that today its medicinal value remains very important and that many classic prescriptions have policing。
Through modern technology, scientists have also discovered more uses of the pyramids, such as the pyramid seeds, which can be used to extract oil and have very high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, among which there is also a wealth of lysine, which is a good quality healthy food。
Oyster seeds are the seeds of the oysters, mostly brown, black, purple, etc., and adult nail caps are of irregular size. Xue zhiu described the rate of oil produced by the seeds as around 15 per cent, close to the soybean rate。
The team has also developed a specialized range of police for oil extraction, which is also close to soybean production. “observants for oil are, in fact, multi-purpose in their own right, can be seen, can be drugged and can harvest their seeds.” xue said。
“what we want to do now is to give the police more functionality, not only to watch, but also to bring economic benefits to farmers and turn them into cash crops. At present, we have many products, such as oil, tea, beer, etc., and, in fact, much of the past poverty-eradication struggle has benefited from the cultivation of the shelter.”
However, because of the relatively short extension period, the industrial form of the police has only just begun and is far from reaching its full scale, xue xie said, “the large-scale planting of the police began almost 10 years ago, some of them late and may have just begun to bloom for the first time, so the scale benefits have not yet materialized”
As a researcher, xue zhiu did not really want the industry to spread too fast. “the baby-breeding cycle is long, the environment is different, the appropriate variety is different, and it takes longer to grow more and more abundant, so we also want industry to grow steadily. If it is too fast to develop, it may be possible to plant the same varieties everywhere, with the result that adaptive problems, where they are found to be ineffective or even poor, can harm the development of the industry and cause damage to growers.”
News reporter zhou huai zhong, photo
Editor, zhang xiaoqiao
