What are the characteristics and distributions of tropical desert climates
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The tropical desert climate is mainly located in the interior of the continent or in the west bank, near the north-south line of return, and is mainly geographically located in northern africa, western asia, the narrow region on the western side of central and western australia and south america, largely within the continent and in the west bank near the line of return. It is typical of northern africa, the asian arabian peninsula and the australian desert。
1. The characteristics of tropical desert climate
The four seasons in the desert are also very different from those at latitudes. In the eastern part of china, spring and autumn festivals were short because of the monsoon climate. However, in desert areas, spring and autumn are shorter. Because the desert is dry, there's no water regulation. Temperature rises in the spring, falls in the autumn, and increases in the spring and autumn seasons range from two and a half months to three months. In the short run of spring and autumn, winter and summer festivals are long, so it is described as: “the arid regions of central asia have only two seasons a year: siberia's winter and sahara's summer.” this makes sense. Temperature changes in desert climates are the most extreme of all the world's climates. Specifically, the tropical desert climate zone has the following climatic characteristics:
Characteristic overview: extremely dry and hot, low rainfall, dry air and very little moisture。
Less precipitation and more variability
In arica, in the desert of northern chile in south america, only three showers of rainfall were produced in 17 consecutive years, while the total volume was only 5. 1 mm, with very little precipitation. Iquigué, also in the northern desert of chile, had been free of rain for four consecutive years, but one shower in the fifth year had dropped 150 mm, and one shower in the other year had recorded 635 mm, with a high rate of variability. Rainfall in tropical deserts is mostly sudden and often results in severe soil erosion。
High temperature, high temperature difference
Owing to low cloud capacity, strong sunlight, lack of vegetation cover and low humidity of the air, the temperature rises very rapidly during the day. In north africa, there were records of up to 58°c, with average monthly temperatures ranging from 30°c to 35°c in general summer, and long periods of high temperatures, such as aden in the arabian peninsula, with average monthly temperatures above 30°c for five months a year. The desert is colder at night because of the absence of clouds throughout the night, the high radiation on the ground, the high heat spread and the fact that the minimum temperature at night is generally between 7°c and 12°c, and there are days of frost. The annual temperature difference is generally around 10°c ~ 20°c, while the daily temperature difference is even greater, between 15°c ~ 30°c. At a weather station south of tripoli, north africa, on 25 december 1978, there was a record of the hottest day at 37. 2°c and the lowest temperature at night at -0. 6°c, with a difference of 37. 8°c。
Strong evaporation, low relative humidity
The tropical desert climate is highly evaporated because it is often cloud-free, wind-rich, sun-lighted, high temperature and relatively low humidity. Possible evaporation is more than 20 times, or even 100 times, of precipitation. Relative humidity in the air is small, with around 2 per cent in the sahara desert of egypt。
Few plants
The deserts of the tropical desert climate are widespread, with fewer lives and only sporadic drought-resistant plants, such as cactus. There are bushes on the edge of the desert. Vegetation types are tropical deserts。
2. Atmospheric environment caused by climate formation in tropical deserts
First, controlled by subtropical high pressure bands. Subtropical high pressure is a dynamic high pressure, which is the result of a constant flow of air over the equator to accumulate over the subtropical subtropical areas, resulting in an increased low air pressure and a heating high pressure. The main reason for the clear and arid weather in the sub-tropical regions is the prevalence of downpours。
Secondly, it is controlled by the dry wind. The wind is directed from the subtropical high-pressure zone to the equatorial low-pressure zone. The wind is tilted towards the north, to the right, to the north-east, due to the rotation of the earth, and to the south-east, to the left. The west bank in the subtropical region of the northern hemisphere is covered by the back wind of the north-east and the east coast of the continent by the wind of the north-east; similarly, the west bank in the subtropical region of the southern hemisphere is covered by the back wind of the south-east and the east coast of the continent by the wind of the south-east. As a result, rainfall is scarce, dry and desert-dispersed on the mainland of the west bank in the subtropical regions of the south and the north, while rainfall on the eastern coast of the continent is high and non-desert。
Third, affected by the cold. Ocean currents have a significant impact on the climate, with cooling and wetting in the area through which they flow, and warming and wetting in the area through which they flow. As can be seen from the world climate and ocean current map, the west bank in the subtropical region is affected by cold currents, resulting in scarce rainfall and dry climates, while the east coast of the continent is affected by warm currents, resulting in more precipitation. As for the causes of the climate of tropical deserts within the sub-tropical regions, in addition to being affected by sub-tropical high pressure or dry confidence winds, there is also a link to the small ocean impact away from the sea。
Temperature humidity
The tropical desert climate occurs in the west bank and within the continent of the subtropical high-pressure zone and the mesmeric belt. Over the course of the year, it is controlled by subtropical high-pressure downgas currents, and the formation of dry climate zones (dry zones) is largely associated with latitudes, atmospheric circulation, etc., from a global perspective. Between 15 and 35 degrees north and south are areas controlled by subtropical high-pressure belts (also known as return to high-pressure belts), which eventually blow up the confidence winds. The air in the high pressure zone is sunken, and thermal insulation increases the temperature when the air sinks, reducing relative humidity and the air is very dry. It is a stable wind that is blown to the equatorial low-pressure zone by the subtropical high-pressure band, and it increases the heat as it blows to the equatorial zone; the hotter the air, the greater the amount of water consumed, making it a very dry dry dry wind. Thus, in subtropical high-pressure zone control areas, the atmosphere is stable, with low humidity and few clouds and oligarchy rainfall, and becomes an arid zone with low rainfall on earth. Most of the world's deserts are scattered here, such as the sahara desert in north africa, the arab desert in south-west asia and the atacama desert in south america. Thus, there is the term “return to the desert belt”。
The formation of tropical deserts varies slightly from place to place. The western side of south america has a narrow tropical desert climate spread, due to the fact that 1 andean is located in the west bank of the south american continent, which has a narrow geographical distribution of tropical deserts. 2 on the west side is the cold flow through peru, which cools and damps. 3 in the backslide of the south-east, with low precipitation。
The causes of pakistan's tropical desert climate are almost unique throughout the world. The causes are mainly influenced by two factors: the severe destruction of vegetation such as ancient forests. Reason two: obstructed by the mountains on the edge of the iranian plateau, the south-west monsoon is difficult to reach or the south-west monsoon is difficult to reach。
What are the reference answers and analyses of the climate characteristics and distributions of tropical deserts? It is recommended that you answer the questions and then look at the answers
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