Keywords: xi jinping, reading, important speeches, intellectuals, precious wealth
The chinese network/china development portal is an intellectual with a high level of literacy and knowledge, many of whom are experts in the field. Intellectuals have a relatively high level of knowledge, technology and knowledge of nature and society and play a very important role in promoting economic and social development and social progress. Intellectuals are the bearers and creators of knowledge and the carriers of culture and civilization. Since the reform and opening up, the party and the government have paid great attention to intellectual issues, raising the important assertion that intellectuals are part of the working class, that science and technology are the first productivity, and that efforts have been made to create a social climate that respects knowledge and human talent. Since the 18th anniversary of the party, the party's centre, with comrade xi at its centre, has implemented the party's intellectual policy in earnest, with full confidence in intellectuals, striving to create better conditions for a broad range of intellectuals to work and learn their lives, actively building institutional mechanisms conducive to the entrepreneurship of intellectual officers, and letting the vast majority of intellectuals fully release their talents and energy. On 4 march, the secretary-general of xi visited the members of the people's democratic republic, the agro-industrial party and the 93rd academy at the 5th session of the national political consultative council, who said: “the vast majority of our intellectuals are the elite of society, the pillars of the country, the pride of the people and the precious wealth of the country.” he stressed the need for society as a whole to care for intellectuals, respect intellectuals and create a good social climate that respected knowledge and intellectuals. Leadership at all levels needs to be guided by the vision of talent, the sincerity of love, the courage of talent, the acumen of talent, the gift of talent and the gift of talent. It can be said that the issue of intellectuals has received unprecedented attention from both the party and the government, and that the role of intellectuals has been evaluated at an unprecedented level. That is why it is closely related to china's economic and social development。
First, there has been a rapid increase in the number of intellectuals and a dramatic increase in their influence in social life. The number of chinese intellectuals has been low due to economic backwardness, underdevelopment in education and low levels of access to higher education. According to the results of the second national census, in 1964 there were 2,875,000 persons with university education, only 4. 14 per thousand of the population. This means that only 414 of every 100,000 people have higher education. Since the reform and opening-up, higher education in china has grown rapidly. In 2016, 7,486,000 undergraduate students were enrolled at national universities, 667,000 at the postgraduate level and 1,981,000 at the postgraduate level. In 2015, the total number of students enrolled in all types of higher education reached 36. 47 million and the gross enrolment rate in higher education reached 40. 0 per cent. According to the 2015 1 per cent national population sample survey, china has 170 million people with university education, reaching 12445 people per 100,000 population with university education. In 2014, china's total scientific and technological human resources stood at about 8. 14 million, the highest in the world. By the end of 2016, there were a cumulative total of 2. 65 million returnees. In 2015, 3. 9324 million members, or 44. 3 per cent of the total number of members of the chinese communist party (cpc), were of secondary and higher education. These highly educated persons are distributed in all spheres of society and form the backbone of society, comprising public servants, professionals such as education and health care, management of enterprises and technicians. It can be said that the role played by intellectuals is directly related to the success or failure of china's modernization。
Secondly, intellectuals are the main force behind the construction of china's new industrialization. After many years of development, china had moved beyond the early stages of industrialization to middle-income levels and was struggling to achieve its two 100-year goal of essentially modernizing by mid-century. To that end, the traditional way of economic growth must be changed. The 18th congress of the party has made it clear that science, technology and innovation are strategic underpinnings for increasing social productivity and integrating state power, and that innovation must be placed at the centre of the national development landscape and the implementation of innovation-driven development strategies. Indeed, china's economic development is increasingly dependent on scientific and technological innovation. In 2016, progress in science and technology contributed 56. 2 per cent to economic growth. During the year, r&d expenditure amounted to r$1. 550 billion, national technical contracts to r$1. 107 billion, sci papers totalled 290,000, and patents for effective inventions totalled more than 1. 103 million. Nevertheless, there was a considerable gap between china and the developed countries. Intellectuals are major players in science, technology and innovation, both in business and in academic institutions such as universities and research institutes. In the area of economic construction, the role of intellectuals has never been as important as it is today. Innovative development can be achieved only if intellectuals are given the necessary working and living conditions, and their motivation, initiative and creativity are fully mobilized and their talents are harnessed。
Thirdly, intellectuals are an important force in promoting the scientific democratization of decision-making. With expertise, intellectuals have been playing a role in government decision-making. Since the 18th anniversary of the party, the party and the government have attached great importance to decision-making advice. In january 2015, the central office of the communist party and the office of the state council issued an opinion on strengthening the construction of a new think tank for china's features, which calls for the improvement of the system of collection of critical decision-making opinions, the establishment of a sound policy evaluation system, the system of advisory services for government purchasing decisions, and provides that the opinions and recommendations of the think-tank are to be widely heard in matters of public interest and of vital interest to the people, including through hearings, seminars, validation meetings, etc.; the feasibility of major reform programmes, major policy measures, major engineering projects, etc., are subject to risk assessment in terms of social stability, environment, economy, etc.; the advisory reports, policy programmes, planning, design and research data provided by the think-tank may be included in the scope of government procurement and in the guide catalogue of government procurement services. Over the past two years, the construction of new think tanks has been developing rapidly, with the establishment of think tanks in the schools of social science and party administration, the colleges of higher education, the science, technology and innovation think tanks and the enterprise think tanks, and the social think tanks. The participation of a large number of professionals in decision-making at the national and local levels has contributed to the democratization of science in decision-making。
The party and the government valued intellectuals very much and loved them. Xi calls for leadership at all levels to be good at dealing with intellectuals and to be good friends and friends of intellectuals. In order to have full confidence in intellectuals, intellectuals are consulted on important work and major decision-making. As long as the point of departure is good, opinions and criticisms from intellectuals are warmly welcomed and taken up positively. Even if some opinions and criticisms are biased or even incorrect, they must be more inclusive and tolerant, insisting on not scratching braids, not wearing hats and not hitting sticks. Following the characteristics and patterns of intellectual work, it is important to reduce the disruption of intellectual creative work and to allow them to focus more on their jobs. (by li yunlong, professor, institute for international strategic studies, central party school, and managing director, china society for human rights studies)
