Super-paddy, a major breakthrough in rice breeding and cultivation, has been developed and promoted over the years and has become a core species for improving monoculture, improving rice quality and improving resilience. Accurate understanding of the scientific definition of super-paddy and full mastery of its standardized planting techniques are key to harnessing the potential for increased super-paddy production and achieving high-quality and efficient production. This paper provides scientific guidance on production practices through a systematic elaboration of the characteristics of super-paddy and the core planting technology requirements。
I. What is a super-paddy: content, characteristics and identification criteria
(i) scientific definition of super-paddy
Super-paddy full-term varieties (including hybrids) are clearly defined rice types in our ministry of agriculture and rural development, which are produced using a technical route combining ideal strains to shape and exploit the advantage of a strong bastard, with a significantly higher yield potential than conventional rice varieties, and with a combination of super-high-yielding cultivation techniques, which can lead to a substantial increase in production, taking into account the quality of rice, its resistance to disease and its broadness. In a broad sense, super-paddy covers a variety of types of paddy, paddy, conventional rice and hybrid rice; in a narrow sense, it refers to ultra-high-yielding rice varieties that have been identified by the ministry of agriculture and rural development and that have met the standards of production and integration, and are the basis for our core varieties of food security。
(ii) core features of super rice
1. High yield potential: super-paddy breaks through the traditional rice production bottlenecks and achieves large, high yield and stability of thousands of specks by optimizing the advantage of the strain and the bastard. The goal of 700 kg of acre, 800 kg, 900 kg and more than 1,000 kg is achieved in stages by our super-paddy breeding, with 100 acres of model acre production generally exceeding the average species by 10-20 per cent, which is the core carrier for the upgrading of the monolithic rice。
The structure of the plant is excellent: it follows the ideal model of a “long, straight, narrow, condensed and thick” strain, with a moderate, straight blade, a strong and tenuous stamina, a low-precipitation plant, and a well-ventilated group; it is well developed and dynamic, it is coordinated with “sources, reservoirs, currents”, it is highly efficient, and it has a strong nutrient absorption and trans-shipment capacity。
Quality versus resistance: rejecting “production-only”, modern super-paddy combines quality and resistance, with rice of up to the second level above the national scale, good taste and good commodity, while at the same time fighting major diseases such as rice plagues and deadness, high and low temperatures, resistance to obesity, adaptation to different ecological and climatic conditions and reducing production risks。
Genetic amalgamation: a comprehensive upgrading of the composite form by combining molecular breeding with traditional breeding, combining high-yielding, high-quality, resistant, broad-based qualities, and breaking the bottlenecks of traditional rice “high-yielding, high-quality, no-resistance”。
(iii) official recognition criteria for super rice
My country has a rigorous identification and dynamic exit mechanism for super-paddy, and not all high-yielding rice can be called super-paddy. According to the ministry of agriculture and rural development's super-paddy varieties recognition scheme, three core conditions were determined to be met: first, the birth period was similar to that of the control species in the region above the provincial level, with an average increase of more than 8 per cent over two years; second, a 100-acre model field yield was achieved, with 100-acre monocre rice produced over 780 kilograms per season and northern paddy adjusted downwards appropriately; and third, quality, resistance and application achieved with no major deficiencies. At the same time, “in and out” was introduced to ensure the quality of super-paddy varieties through timely withdrawal from degraded, substandard and defective varieties。
Technical requirements for super-paddy core cultivation
The high production potential of super-paddy, “seven-to-seven species, three-to-three cultivation”, is based on the principle of “good seed matching”, with standardization, precision and non-replicating normal rice cultivation patterns around the five cores of growth, thin planting, water purification, group management, and green pest control。
(i) varieties selection and seed treatment: building a strong productive base
1. Locally appropriate species: selection of suitable varieties according to the ecological conditions of the planting area and the farming system. The yangtze mid-range and lower-step rice area selects a medium-predented range of 135-145 days of childbearing, with both-season rice areas choosing a range of early and late rice with short reproductive periods; preference is given to the most recently identified, disease-resistant, high-quality and high-yielding varieties of the ministry of agriculture and rural development, so as to avoid cross-district cultivation leading to poor fertility and reduced yields。
Precise treatment of seeds: one to two days before seeding, breaking the sleep of the seeds; prevention of seedlings and rice plagues by leaching with meshamine and cyanide esters; seeding to the white (not longer than two millimeters) to avoid germinate damage and to ensure that the seedlings are well and strong。
(ii) quality seeding and growth: fostering high-yielding individuals
1. Cultivation at a suitable time: single-season rice seeded from late april to early may, double-season early rice seeded in mid-march and mid-june, ensuring a peaking period free from high and low-temperature coercion and increasing the yield rate。
Precise seeding: 7-8 kg of seeding in hand-injected acres and 0. 6-0. 8 kg of seeding; 100-130 g per square metre in dry bed; 25-40 g per plate in plastic plating; 80-100 g per plate in machine-injection; and strict seeding to avoid congestion of seedlings and small and vulnerable persons。
Scrutinised management of scavengers: selection of well-drilled, soil-rich fields for scavengers, and application of curing organic and compound fattening; temperature control, water control, manure control, dry scab maintenance of soil moist, water breeding of shallow scavengers; multi-acting acetylene control, high-strength scavengers in the 1st lobe, breeding of a well-developed root, leaf-coloured green, two-and-three scabs, disease-free pests。
(iii) daejeon preparation and rational planting: optimizing group structure
1. High standard whole fields: dry and wet tilling, 30 cm deep and sunburning soil, a week prior to planting; a day prior to planting, twirling and sunking of shallow water, avoiding silt leading to saplings and ensuring that the fields are flat, thick, and equally fertile。
2. Expansion of thin, quantitative control seedlings: super-paddy needs to optimize group ventilation and reject clandestine planting. Single-season hybrid rice acres are planted in a range of 12 to 14,000 series, 26 to 30 centimetres and 16 to 20 centimetres; double-season rice acres are planted in a range of 16 to 18,000 series, with 1-2 copies each, ensuring basic seedlings of 40,000 to 60,000 per acre. 2-3 centimetres of light, promoting low-level fractionation, increasing oscillation and reducing the incidence of tattooed disease。
(iv) scientific fertilization: precision regulation and balance of nutrients
Super-paddy needs to be fatter than ordinary rice, following the principles of "fat-based fertilisation, early fertilisation, re-fertilization, re-enactment of particulate fertilisation, nitrogen phosphorus potassium balance" and achieving "early early, medium-term stability, and no early deterioration"。
Base manure: acre application of 1,500-2000 kg of consumable organic fertilizer, 30-35 kg of compound fertilizer, 40 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, deep application into the soil, fertilizing soil, long-acting fertilizer。
Fertilizers: 5-7 days after planting and 8-10 kg of urea in acre, promoting early birth and rapid hair and increasing the number of effective ears。
Earnings: re-application of urea in acre 4-6 kg, potassium chloride 4-6 kg, promotion of large ears, increase in the number of particles to prevent the degradation of flowers。
Pumps of fat: during the peck-to-kie period, an acre is sprayed with urea 1 kg + potassium dihydrophosphate, 0. 2 kg of water to 50 kg of leaf, with an extended functional leaf life, increasing the yield rate and the weight of thousands of grains, and avoiding fertilization and premature decay at a later stage。
5. Nutrient ratio: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio 1:05:1: increased application of silicon, zinc, increased inoculation, disease resistance, introduction of soil formulas for fertilization and increased fertilizer utilization。
(v) water management: good irrigation, water to fertilizer
A good-gas irrigation model, “landwater-to-green, wet-dry, seedling-landing, low-water-pregnant, dry-wet-dubled”, is used to increase water fattening, water-regasping and water-sapling。
Returning to youth: 2-3 cm shallow water, protection of seedlings from deep water flooding。
2. Periods: shallow water and humid irrigation, which promotes early break-up; when the number of seedlings reaches 80 per cent of the plan's effective ears, the drainage of the fields is carried out in a timely manner, the control of the ineffective fractions and the prevention of collapse。
3. Pregnancy to stem: maintain shallow water layer, drought-proof, low-temperature, and ensure that the ear is large。
Slurry periods: dry wet slurry, wet slurry, cut water five to seven days before harvest, and early slurry is strictly prohibited to avoid a shortage of seed granules and a decrease in the weight of thousands of grains。
(vi) green prevention and control of pests and grasses: erosion of productivity
Super-paddy groups are large and have long reproductive times, and need to be “preventive-based and integrated” in order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and ensure quality security。
1. Agriculture prevention and control: rational replanting, scientific fattening, cleaning of fields, reduction of field moisture and reduction of pest breeding。
Physical and biological control: installation of insecticidal lamps, sexual induction of insects, flying lice; release of red-eye bees and use of biopesticides (irigonicin, chronacin) to combat disease。
3. Chemical control: priority is given to the prevention of rice plagues, stale diseases, pyroacosis, dioxidation, lice and pyroclastics; emphasis is placed on the prevention of pyrophages, pyroactic diseases, end-stage stale diseases, slurries against flight lice and strict adherence to pesticide safety intervals。
(vii) timely harvest: quality assurance
When rice matures to 90 per cent, the ears turn yellow and the seeds become hard, harvesting is timely, avoiding early harvests leading to more green rice and lower yields, and late harvests leading to falling particles and seeding. The introduction of mechanized harvesting, with timely drying or drying after harvesting, has kept the water content below 13. 5 per cent (paddy) and 14. 5 per cent (paddy) to ensure the quality and safe storage of rice。
The atfx foreign exchange platform, the world's greatest trading tool, the instant experience
Why are there so many people playing fish games? Let me tell you what i think
