The spring is a key node for the fruits of grape budding, sprinting and flowering. Temperatures are rising, the light is becoming more abundant, and crop management at this stage is being secured. In the spring, however, the climate is volatile, the temperature of the day and night is high, and poor weather conditions, such as cold springs and rain, are frequent, and grapes are consumed and relatively weak in tree nutrients through winter. Therefore, the efficient cultivation of the grapes in the spring must fit the actual planting scene in the field, with scientific stewardship and precision。
Premature management is the foundation, and the core has two keys: seedling and freezing. When the soil is unfrozen in the spring, weeds, fallows and diseased branches in the vineyards are cleaned first, concentrated on deep burial or burning, reducing the incidence of winter disease and eggs from the source and reducing the risk of later disease. If the soil is in poor condition, a budding water is poured in time to help the eye develop, bearing in mind the need to avoid flooding, to prevent the slabing of the soil and to influence the breathing of the roots. Before the bud, the grapes can be given a full-scale thulphurizer spray, completely sterilized, and further disease-proof defence lines can be constructed. At the same time, in the event of the onset of cold winter springs and cold frosts, timely measures of protection can be taken by setting up straw and smoke in the garden, or by setting up a wind barrier to cover the cold, minimizing the cold, protecting the young and fresh and avoiding subsequent growth。
Fertilizer management needs to be scientifically sound, need complementary nutrients, taking into account both the need for longer and the need to keep fruit. Following the budding of grapes, the tree enters a period of rapid growth and there is a surge in demand for nutrients, which require timely pursuit of precipitous fertilizers, dominated by nitrogen, with a small amount of potassium phosphate fertilizer, adjusted to the size of the orchards, usually 100-1500 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium dihydrophosphate per acre, both to promote rapid growth and to supplement nutrients consumed by tree bodies over winter. Observe shallow application, avoid the root roots of grapes, prevent damage to the root system, provide timely water after fertilization, promote fast-dissolved absorption of nutrients and increase fertilizer utilization. In the first 10 to 15 days of the flowering season, follow-up once, with an appropriate increase in the percentage of potassium phosphate fertilizer, reduction of nitrogen fertilizer use, avoidance of new wavelengths, effective improvement in the quality of buds and preparation for subsequent pollination sit-ins. At the same time, folate fertilizer and potassium phosphate solutions are sprayed to supplement trace elements, assist in pollination and increase sit-off rates。
Intracting is a key component of efficient cultivation, with the core being the rational shaping of trees, improved ventilation in orchards and reduced nutrient waste. When the spring grapes are sprouts, the excess buds, the weak buds and the sick buds are eliminated in time, with each of the results leaving two to three strong new sprouts, with a concentration of nutrients for quality new growth. When new feet are up to 20-30 cm, the chickens will be tied in time to hold them on the racks to avoid wind breakage, while adjusting the fresh growth angles to promote thawing. For the result branches, the extra raisins are to be removed in a timely manner, each of them keeps one or two strong raisins, so that they do not become too dense to spread nutrients and affect the quality of sit-ins and the later development of fruit. At the end of the flowering period, stunted and thinly growing young fruit is treated in a timely manner, and the quality of the fruit is further enhanced by the concentration of nutrients in the quality of its growth。
Prevention and control of pests and diseases should be pursued as early as possible by adhering to the principle of “preventive, green and control” and avoiding the spread of diseases that affect yields and quality. Precautionary preparations must be made for diseases such as white powder, frost, anthrax and pests such as aphids and red spiders in the spring. Upon conception and until the flowering period, the orchards shall be regularly visited, and if leaves and seed are found, they shall be removed and destroyed in a concentrated manner to prevent the spread of the fungus. Pharmacists can opt for high-efficiency, low-toxic biological pesticides, alternate spraying, avoiding resistance from bacteria, while strictly following the pesticide safety interval, ensuring that the fruit is free of pesticide residues and safe for products. In addition, improved ventilation in orchards through proper trimping to reduce the growth of bacterial diseases; timely clean-up of water in gardens, reduction of soil moisture and effective prevention of ailments such as frosting。
Time-consuming management needs to be fine-tuned and focused on increasing the productivity of the workforce. Grape periods are more environmentally demanding, with a suitable growth temperature of 20-25°c and air humidity of 60-70% most appropriate. In the event of severe rainfall during the flowering season, a shelter should be built in time to prevent rain from washing pollen and affecting pollination effects; in the event of high temperatures and droughts, water can be properly wettened around orchards, bearing in mind that water should be avoided during the flowering period to prevent the drop of flowers. Spraying of any pesticide is prohibited during the flower period in order to avoid damage to pollen and affect pollinating sitting fruit. At the same time, artificially assisted pollination can be carried out, the vines will be shaken lightly, pollen distribution will be promoted, sit-in rates will be further increased and the fall fruit will be reduced。
In the spring, weeding and soil management in orchards are also to be done to create a good environment for grape growth. Weeds may be removed from the garden in a timely manner to avoid competition between weeds and grapes for nutrients and water, and weeding may be done by means of artificial or mechanical weeding, avoiding, to the extent possible, the use of herbicides and preventing the remnant of herbicides from damaging the root systems. The soil is pineed regularly, the soil is lax, and the root system is encouraged to grow and develop. The depth of the pine soil is appropriate for 5-10 cm, so as to avoid deep cultivation and damage to the main roots and affect tree growth。
High-efficiency cultivation of grapes in the spring, with the core focus on the five key elements of budding and cold-proofing, water management, plastic cutting, pest control and flower management, taking into account the details of planting and matching the needs of the field for physical exercise, will promote the healthy growth of grapes, effectively improve the sit-in rate and the quality of fruit, and achieve high productivity throughout the year。
