I. Choosing good detoxification potatoes
Good potato seeding is key to achieving a productive and high quality potato. Precedence is given to detoxification of primary or primary potato varieties by the selection of high-quality varieties that are adaptable, resilient, productive and commodity-friendly, such as dutch no. 15, v7. Seed quality requires no less than 99 per cent purity, no less than 90 per cent integrity and no more than 5 per cent imperfection. Tightly selected potatoes, which are well-structured and well-physicized, are used to eliminate the harmful forms of potatoes, which are not well-formed, have a rough aging skin, have a dark skin, and have sickly rotten potatoes。
Ii. Potato processing
The purpose of processing potatoes is to promote growth and to prevent and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The processing methods include the following。
(i) sun seeding
Potatoes are dried up in the sun for 1 to 2 days before they enter the store, in order to kill the tuber's surface disease and reduce the tuber's moisture; the first 30 days of seeding are taken out of the cellar and the sun is removed from the sick and rotten chips for 1 to 2 days。
(ii) cut
In order to maintain the top advantage, the upper slices of the budding eye are to be slashed in a spiral, the appropriate size of the slices is 25 to 40 g, the wound is dry, the cassava is found and the whole potato is to be thrown away. The cutters are selected with multiple cutters, which are exchanged repeatedly in the middle of the slices, and if contaminated with the sick potatoes, they are sterilized with 75% alcohol or 0. 5% potassium permanganate solution。
(iii) clothes
Physicidal blends can prevent the disease of moles, dry decomposition, root decomposition, as well as the hazards of aphids during seedlings, as well as subterranean insects, euphemisms, tigers and golden needles. Chemical pesticides such as thorium thorium thylene, thorium thorium or thorium thorium or thorium thorium thorium have been selected for mixing, drying and seeding to combat endemic, endemic and underground pests。
(iv) drumbing
Disposed slices are placed in the facility for seeding. The appropriate sprout temperature is 15-20°c, less than 10°c, more than 25°c, and is weak and easily impaired during seeding. The sprouts remain at around 70%. When the potato sprouts are 2-3 cm long, the chips are removed and fertilized to 10-15 °c dispersed indoors or winter hothouses, where they are fertilized until they are greened, usually seeded after 3-5 days。
Iii. The whole area
Fields with deep, fertile soil and easy drainage are selected for 25 cm before winter. Land-cleaning is carried out using a tiller, with the soil plowing, plowing and flattening. The 7-10 days before the planting of the plaque cover the temperature, which is conducive to the planting of seedlings, while reducing the incidence of endemic diseases。
Iv. Required institution
(i) timing of seeding
Reasonable seeding times are determined according to the facility's protective form and temperature protection. In normal years, the arch sheds cover the four membranes in late december to early january, and the arch sheds in mid-january to early february. In mid-february-late february, membranes were planted in late february-early march。
(ii) fertilizer application
Medium-fatality plots, typically 2000-4000 kg per acre, with three-dollar compound (15-10-20) 80 kg, microbacterial weight 200kg, typhus fat 20kg and bottex microfat 1kg。
(iii) reasonable secrecy
Cultivated in single rows (65-70cm wide) or double rows (80-90cm wide, 30cm long) of about 25 cm tall, 20-25 cm long, with 4,000-6,500 units per acre. The seed depth is 13-15 cm. The v7 series is spread at a slightly shallow depth, usually 8-10 cm. The seeding is carried out in one-time operations, such as a pick-up, seeding, ploughing, retina, etc. The planting is followed by the selection of small arch sheds, mid arch sheds, covering small arches and mid arches。
(iv) prevention of underground pests
Underground pests can be combated by baiting them with agents such as aphids, chlorophene or benzo-methamphetamine。
V. Backstage field management
(i) timely membrane seedlings and promotion of membrane cover technology
The seedlings are produced in a timely manner, and they contain the saplings with wet soil or use membrane techniques (3 cm above the membrane at distance of 2-3 cm). The techniques of covering the potato membrane rely on the natural upward force of the potato sprouts to extract seedlings, save large amounts of labour, have no chronology at a later stage and maintain the integrity of the membrane。
(ii) environmental regulation
Potato likes cold environments. The most suitable soil temperature is 16-18°c, and the growth of the tubers is hampered at 25°c. The size and duration of vents should be determined in accordance with the temperature in the shed。
(iii) fertilizer management
Look at the sky and see the seed water. The first water is concentrated three times after seeding, the second water is in the horticulture period, the third water is in the seal, and the third water begins at the most critical point in the water requirement, and should be irrigated with small water, such as heavy wetness, which can lead to the decay of the stem, depending on soil conditions. The irrigation was stopped seven days before the harvest to ensure that the harvested tubers were ageing to facilitate storage. 3 kg/acre of fully water soluble fertilizer (8-8-50) was flushed three times after the potato seed and seven days before the harvest, each time a pesticide was sprayed, the tablets were replenished with potassium phosphate。
Vi. Strengthening the prevention of and response to unusual disaster weather
(i) early spring frostbite (precipitous winter) weather response
Timely viewing of weather forecasts can be done by pre-heating watering in a state of emergency; increasing cover temperature protection; maximizing lighttime during the day; increasing heat storage in the shed; in the early hours of the morning, burning hotspots, electric thermal blankets and electric heaters continue to increase temperature while paying attention to the safety of electric fire; and taking appropriate technical measures to reduce the impact of early spring fallout, such as the appropriate delay in the removal of retorts。
(ii) the response of early springs to successive rainy weather
Care should be taken to keep the shantytown warm, enhance coverage, ventilate and dehumidize in a timely manner, and to dig up drains and eliminate water accumulation. When rainy days are longer, appropriate water is sprayed on the leaves and gradual light is used to prevent the sudden lighting of potatoes in the shed from causing water loss. The continuous rainy season is more humid, and attention should be paid to the timely application of post-rainfall agents to combat diseases such as the potato fever and to avoid contagion。
(iii) early spring weather response
Close attention should be paid to weather changes, which can be improved by strengthening the archbone skeletons, increasing and tightening pressure membranes, closing both heads and the upper-middle vents before the onset of the wind weather, and preventing damage from liftbows。
Vii. Pest management
Prevention and treatment of potato-based pests should be based on a “preventive, integrated” approach to plant protection, with a strong effort to promote green prevention and control, giving priority to the use of disease-resistant varieties, the selection of high-quality detoxification potatoes, the promotion of technologies such as the processing of potatoes, and the integration of agricultural, physical, chemical and other measures to improve control effectiveness. Agricultural measures include, inter alia, the option of detoxification of potatoes, scissor disinfection, hysteria, timely ventilation and wetting, and proper rotation. Physical measures include the use of yellowboard baiting for aphids, powdered lice, the use of black light lamps and amphibious insecticidal lamps in conjunction with sugar vinegar. Biological measures include the control of aphids by natural natural predators, such as aphids, the use of plant sources, microbiological sources or mineral-source agents to combat pests and the use of sexual and enticing insects. The chemical measures target the use of insecticides such as thionphos-methyl, amphibamine, aphids-methrin and beryllium-coated ditches and soybeans; the use of microbicides such as diazolem, molybacterium enzyme or caysyl oscillosis for chronic diseases; and the use of agents such as aphids, high chlorfluorine, bipropylene and thorone for pests such as aphid。
Viii. Enough access
(i) preparation for collection
Pre-harvest killing and clearing of plots in order not to affect the quality of harvesting machinery operations. The mechanical operation was preceded by a mechanical debugging to check the movement of the adjusted mechanical connection and the depth of the excavation。
(ii) periodic harvest
Depending on climatic conditions, market prices and the incidence of crops, it was generally between late march and early june. When most of the potato plant is dried up, the tubers are easily separated from the runners, and the soil has a water content of 20 per cent。
(iii) harvest requirements
Debug excavation shovels based on soil and depth of harvest before crop harvesting are fixed. The adjustment of the depth of the excavations is moderate, the ground is shallow and vulnerable, the harvest is not pure, the soil is overdone, and the load of the tractors is increased, making it difficult to separate. The general excavation harvest requires a depth of 20-25 cm, with a cassava rate of 96 per cent, a cassava injury rate of 1. 5 per cent and a skin break rate of 2 per cent. Once the damage has been caused to the potatoes, the potatoes, the rotten potatoes, the beetles, the deformed potatoes, etc., they are artificially graded and placed in bags, bags, boxes and concentrated sales。
