1 park selection and planning
The climate is the determining factor for coffee cultivation, and light, heat, water and soil are important conditions for coffee growth and development. The city of smau, located in the south-west of yunnan province, is a low-latitude highland climate zone dominated by tropical mountains and wet monsoons in south asia. Between 1000 and 1500 metres above sea level, annual rainfall is 1300 - 1700 mm. The average annual temperature is about 18°c-21°c, warms the winter and cools without frost or hail. At the same time, the soil is deep above 80 centimetres thick, the soil is lax and fertile, and the drainage is good, with ph values around 5. 5-6. 5. The milder climate and the greater variability of day and night contribute to the accumulation of content in crops and is one of the best areas for producing high-quality small grains of coffee. At present, shi mao is the country's largest-growing, most productive and most quality coffee-producing area。
If you want to build a coffee plantation, you have to choose the place first. In the case of individual cultivation, the area is unlimited. All we have to do is put together a comprehensive plan and keep the protected forest and mountain caps on。
2 horizontal reclamation noodles
First, we have to build a horizontal ladder. Here, we picked an uncultivated ladder. In general, the best time to dig a ditch is from july to february. The trenches should end before the rainy season. First, we need to dig out a ditch, to preserve, as far as possible, the native vegetation between the planting belts, and determine that the ditch requires a wide mouth of 40 to 50 centimetres and a depth of 60 to 70 centimetres, and then go back to the ditch with a tattered topsoil, mainly based on the terrain and slope, as long as it is guaranteed that the planting strip is slightly higher than the surface of 10 centimetres. It is generally sufficient that the surface of a water platform is 1. 5 - 1. 8 metres wide。
3 seeding standard
The ladder is ready, and the seedlings are next. In the current year, the seedling requirements are four to five pairs of leaf, two to three branches or more per year, strong, green, clean and disease-free. I'm sure they're about to be eliminated。
4 plantation
We need to dig up the locks before planting. Each of the defined caves has a diameter of about 15-20 cm, and the range is determined by character characteristics, climate characteristics, management levels, which are appropriate here at 0. 8-1 m. Once the dens have been established, some lime powder will have to be cast in the caves, which will be fully mixed with the ground. Polio can be disinfected。
It is best to choose early and late planting, which should not be removed during high temperatures, heavy rains and wet soil. When planted, a knife must be cut to the base of the plastic bag of a small seedling 2-3 centimetres in case of bending. When the nutritional bag is torn off, the seedlings are placed in a moderate position in the planted den and the nutritional soil is brought up to the level of the platform, layered back into the ground and layered down。
Coffee is usually scheduled for june-july and ends in mid-august. Why did you choose this time? Because coffee is drought-resistant, the soil can grow normally in humidity. When water is needed, since coffee is usually grown in mountains and slopes, it is difficult to solve the problem of water irrigation, and because the climate is rainy season for three months of the year and it rains almost daily, farmers in these areas generally grow coffee without watering it artificially. It is also because of the special requirements of coffee for the growing environment that the country has only a few areas to grow。
5 weeding pine soil
Coffee is a shallow crop, with most of the absorbent roots distributed in the 0-30 cm earth layer, so it is not appropriate to flip the surface frequently. Especially during the dry season, so as to preserve the moisture of the soil, the soil and herbs cannot be pine. If there is a genuine need for pine soil, it should be shallow in the stands and break the earth and keep the surface level constant. The weeds in the canopy are shallow and cannot be shoveled。
6 fertilisation
Coffee, which is fertilized, should be managed in accordance with its growth and development characteristics, usually using gutter fertilization. Small saplings require a distance of 10 cm from the trunk, while large saplings can follow the tree canopy drip line, usually in a half-month sprouts, and the ditches need not be too wide, with depths around 7-10 cm. Equivalent urea is spread into the ditch, requiring approximately 100 grams of fertilizer per plant. And then it's over. However, fertilizing is always on the right and the left. Fertilisation is performed once in 20 days, usually 20 kg per acre. During the subsequent planting process, fertilization was applied once a year in mid-april, for the second time in june-july and once in september-october。
7 coffee tree trim
In the process of planting coffee, the coffee tree should be duly trimmed to increase its perceivability. This refers mainly to the fruited coffee tree, which naturally does not have to be trimmed. Direct branches like this, i. E. Branches that grow up and branches that fall out; long branches, i. E. Branches that do not work, as we usually call them, are cut off in order to prevent other branches from absorbing nutrients; and, secondly, branches that fall down, redundant subdivisions, i. E. Branches within 12-15 centimetres of the backbone, are cut off selectively; and finally, branches that are sick, usually cut anywhere。
It would be preferable to have three-to-five-divisions on each branch, two-to-three-divisions on each branch, only one branch on one section, and the branches on each branch staggered. When the backbone exceeds 180 centimetres, the top is to be hit, and ultimately a strain of 180-200 centimetres is to be maintained. Only two trims a year, the first before the flower starts in february each year, and the second after the result, are intended to concentrate nutrients, to benefit the flower and to contribute to the abundance of the fruits。
8 coffee major pest control
The prevention and control of coffee pests should be based on a "preventive and integrated approach" approach. The disease should be based on the prevention of fungi diseases, the pests should be based on the prevention of worms, and the burning branches should be cut and caught in time。
Coffee diseases generally occur on leaves, such as anthrax, rusty, bacterial foliage. At the time of the outbreak, 100 times more humid powder was sprayed with more than 50 per cent of the micro-powder powder or 75 per cent of the bacterial humid powder, every 7-10 days and 2-3 times in a row。
Infestations are mainly found on branches, such as swirling oxen. In case of insects, three to four times the length of the bromocythyrethrin sprayed the trunk in a rotation of 1,200 times。
Coffee harvesting
Coffee is grown in the third year, with a flowering period of march-may, during which no special management is required, and the fruits take about 8 to 10 months from flowering to maturity. The early growth of coffee fruits was slower, with the fastest growth occurring two to three months after the flowering。
The harvest period began in september-october and ended in february of the following year. In addition to the weather-induced effects, the reason for the fallout and dry fruit in the development of the coffee fruit is mainly due to the nutrient status of the plant, which makes it possible to reduce the fallout and dry fruit and increase production by strengthening fertilizer management and improving the nutrient status of the plant。
The harvest is also deliberate and cannot be poignant or wasteful. The method can be taken from the inside, single fruit, red ripe fruit, like this, and certainly not. They are also not capable of carrying fruit handles, and they are also subject to batching, graded extraction, graded assembly and separate processing. At the last harvest, all fruit and green fruit will be harvested. The harvest process must not break branches so as not to affect production in the following year。
