The main point of the sunshine rose grape cultivation in mexi city
Project funds: “model promotion of technology for integrated control and quality improvement during the production of grapes in may county” (2020a0104002)。
Zhong yong-su
In the north-east of guangdong province, mezhou is located in a subtropical monsoon climate with an average annual temperature of 21. 5 °c, with a sufficient sunlight and an effective annual temperature of over 7,000 °c, which meets the requirements for the growth and maturity of grapes. However, affected by specific terrains in the pacific ocean and mountains, high annual temperatures and large differences in cold and hot weather are high, but air flow is closed, rainfall is abundant and relatively concentrated, with greater susceptibility to disease for grapes. In recent years, grape protection facilities have been fully applied and grape “northgo south” technologies have matured, but as the scale of grape cultivation has increased, most grape cultivation has been concentrated in the summer season, leading to peaks and pressures in the market for grapefruit sales, which have resulted in a significant waste of resources such as land, labour and water fattening. In order to address this problem, the concentration in the summer market has been changed, using the multi-emergence character of a year-old raisin, and by regulating the longer supply period of fresh fruit markets with stronger technological demand. Over the course of several years of experimental application from facilities, grape selection, timing, induction selection, planting management, pest control, etc., the mey county agricultural department in the goose ocean and the south mouth, among others, has developed a good-practice technique, represented by a variety of varieties such as sun roses, and has developed a multi-temporal supply of grapefruits, with the ultimate aim of increasing efficiency. Grape majority varieties can produce multiple buds and strong biological properties。
Mezhou has extended the marketing period for grapefruits through different varieties, increasing the number of hangings and arranging for grapes to be cooked twice a year. This will both ease the pressure for the concentration of grapes for marketing and labour in the summer, promote the integrated development of one or two industries, promote the revitalization of villages, flourish the grape industry, provide scientific and technological support for new rural construction in ecotourism areas, and provide models of development models for industrial integration。
1 test campus selection
The experiment, which was taken from the goose town pines in may district, guangdong province, for a period of january 2017, was improved for paddy fields, half-saloon soil, with a more fertile and rich earth layer of organic mass, ph value 6. 9 and medium geometry; the sun was full, around 300 d and late to meet the demand for grape growth. The water table is high and, after having been accompanied by a strong drainage and drainage facility, it is reasonably designed to drain and drain the ditches, which can rapidly remove rainwater during rainfall, control water and the demand for fat, and safeguard the supply of scientifically sound fertilizers, thereby reducing the occurrence of diseases and improving quality。
2. Grape selection
The academy of agricultural sciences of the guangxi magnificent autonomous region, which introduced the experimental planting of sun roses for grape varieties from nanjing agricultural university, is japan's pro-american hybrid species with an acrimony of 21x white nam, with yellow and beautiful fruit skins, unnuclearly induced by cactin, matured in the same period as the great peaks, with soluble solids of sugar of over 18 per cent and rich in material. Sunshine roses have long and consistent maturity periods, are not prone to fissures, droplets, are tight, have soft skins, have the virtues of a fine and rich fragrance of roses, and have a long reproductive period of leaves and an adequate supply of nutrients, which are the best control species of grapes。
3 facility packages
The park is grown using a bird-type “v” shelter plant with a range of 1. 4 m x 2. 5 m. After repeated trials, the grapes shelter stand 2. 5 ~ 2. 8 m (net of buried 0. 45 m) to maintain a suitable height of up to 2 m (other than the height of the arcade area) for the grapes in the shelter; to improve the ventilation needs in the shed, the cavities are designed to move in such a way as to ensure that the temperature of the fertile period in the park is not higher than 35 °c through the north-south ventilator. The results of the high temperature monitoring in 2018 were above 35 °c daily, with a maximum temperature of 38. 1 °c in the garden of 16 d in july and 8 d in august, and a maximum temperature of 35 °c and below in the vineyards by means of well-equipped facilities。
4 maternity determination
Gravity control techniques, which use mainly grape majority varieties to stimulate multi-sprune and solid biological properties, have resulted in more than one year's season and month's marketing of grapefruits, through different varieties of layout, increasing the number of hanging fruit and arranging for grapes to be cooked twice a year. At present, the main concentration of grapes in the city of mexi city is concentrated in the late summer, june to early august, which has resulted in a backlog of products and a decline in efficiency, control of production periods through the application of varieties such as sun roses, both to ease the pressure on summer grape concentrations to market and labour, and to fully integrate the cultural resources of guest tourism, to create grape brands, grape culture with the characteristics of eco-tourism regions, to increase the market competitiveness of grapes, to promote agricultural efficiency, increase farmers' incomes, upgrade rural industries and provide scientific and technological support for new rural construction in ecotourism areas. The festivities around the 51st, national, mid-autumn, new year, spring festivals can promote industrial integration, promote the growth of the grape industry and provide a vehicle for rural renewal. In the form of early, delayed and crop layout, the production period for grapes ranges from 110 to 130 d, induced by the roll-out of the market period, and the supply of fresh fruit in the region for about 10 months。
5 grape buds induced implementation
Through the strengthening of the management of grape tree positions, the cultivation of strong branches, the use of grape sprouts after the identification of the grape period, the establishment of suitable budding periods, the rationalization of the single production and single fruit quality of each of the hanging fruit, and the development of strong tree positions and strong new leaves in production practice. The second result of the sunshine rose grapes regulation technique, due to the nutritional supply, is usually a single fruit, not a secondary result, for a medium-wield branch with an initial period of 85 cm below the length of the grape plant. Thus, if the grapes are to produce a second winter sprout, the first winter cut must increase the shearing, leaving only five to eight budding eyes, applying base fattening, ensuring that the plant is sufficiently nourished to the new stubbles left over the following year, and to produce stubbles and stubbles in the summer, with the aim of producing a high-quality secondary fruit。
Repeatedly rubbing, taking care of, triming and removing extra branches of the dead leaf, in accordance with the principle of the ratio of supply of 30 leaves per ear. In the period between larvae and berries, calcium phosphate and grasswood ash are used to leach out of the liquid root so as to promote fruit expansion. At the end of a harvest, 0. 3% urea and 0. 2% potassium phosphate were applied to prevent early decay, increase resistance to disease, guarantee nutritional supplies, promote the formation of grape photocoding products and the accumulation of inner matter, and improve the quality of the fragrance of grapes。
6 polio management
Grapes are regulated twice or more times a year, with a high number of flowering results and therefore a high supply of nutrients and fertilizers, and the rational application of fertilizers to secure the nutrient supply is essential. 1) deep application of fertilizers in winter post-harvest gardens, mainly organic, combined with compound fertilizers, which are applied in the form of post-appliance remix cover at 1,000 kg peanut butter per 667 m2. 2) the pursuit of fertilizing fertilisation, conservancy, and pre-facility promotion of new growth and reduction of falling flowers, mainly for nitrogen fertilisation; the use of nitrous fertilisation at the early stages of fertilisation with phosphorus and potassium fertilisation for the purpose of new growth and the growth of young fruit; and the use of fertilisation in fertilizers, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, during periods of fruit expansion. 3) appropriate external follow-up of fertilizers can be carried out, as required, to balance supply and improve resistance to heat。
7 pest prevention and control
Sunshine roses are planted in the city of mezhou, primarily to prevent and control viral diseases, with the use of winter pneumatic fertilizers, to enhance the accumulation of winter nutrients and to ensure early growth of tree formation, while paying attention to the cold-proofing work of spring facilities and reducing the incidence of viral diseases. The strong rainfall in the south province and the city, the epidemic of high temperature, high humidity and disease in gardens, constrains the growth of the grape industry, keeping the soil relatively wet from 60 per cent to 75 per cent and air from 80 per cent after the early spring grapes are dormant. Attention should be paid to the temperature of grape sprouts, tremors at a minimum temperature of 10°c and above, cold-proof measures at low temperatures, and temperatures of not more than 35°c in autumn and winter maternity gardens, in order to reduce the occurrence of diseases and improve the quality and efficiency of grapes. Grapes during their reproductive years are protected by healthy cultivation, increasing the resistance of trees to disease, reducing inter-garden work in times of high summer temperatures and humidity, avoiding damage to tree bodies, leaves and fruit, regularly opening bird-proof nets, improving ventilation and lighting and reducing the probability of disease. Integrated management, green control and control of specific diseases and pests have been applied at all times, with strict enforcement of the clean-up of weak and ill branches in gardens, the central burning of plastered trees and blades, and the preparation of the spoldo liquid park itself; the pre-period focus on the prevention of viral diseases, red spiders, black poxes, etc.; and, with the increase in temperature, the main fight against frosty, greyy, black pox, white powder, anthrax and axle brownies。
8 benefits analysis
Sunshine roses are grown well in the south through their domestication through varieties that are sampled in guangxi. Since 2016, the city of mezhou has been engaged in pilot planting, which is well practiced in the district of mezhou, in the area of geese, south mouth, etc., and is suitable for the municipalities, cities and districts of mezhou. Sunshine rose grapes take full advantage of the tourist industry on national holidays, new year's day, etc., through production-regulating techniques, at a generally high selling price of $60/kg, at a value of $96,000 per product of 667 m2 per year, at a cost-sharing rate of $28 million for production labour and facilities, and $667 m2 for the total economic benefit of grape control. At present, the varieties are being cultivated in the regions of mei county, huaihua, kuoqing, meijiang, etc., with significant benefits, combined with the radiation-driven and shared with the tourism industry following the demonstration, and with a wide range of prospects for wider application。
