Tobacco hazards are one of the most serious public health problems in the world today, with 6 million deaths from tobacco use per year worldwide, surpassing the number of deaths from aids, tuberculosis and malaria。
According to the survey, our country has more than 300 million smokers, 300 million of whom have taken the status of the world's first “power” in tobacco production and consumption; and some 740 million non-smokers have been exposed to second-hand smoke, making our country the world's most affected by tobacco。
How harmful is smoking
Smoking causes chronic respiratory disorders
Tobacco use has an impact on respiratory immune functions, lung structure and lung function, leading to many chronic respiratory diseases。
There is ample evidence that smoking can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections, tuberculosis, multiple mestizo pulmonary diseases, and that the greater the amount of smoking and the longer the age of smoking, the higher the risk of disease. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that smoking can increase the risk of bronchial asthma, abnormal function of small vents, intravenous embolism (pulmonary embolism), suspension of sleep breathing and disease of the dust lung。
Smoking causes malignant tumours
Tobacco smoke contains 69 known carcinogens. These carcinogens cause mutations of critical genes in the machine, and normal growth control mechanisms are dysfunctional, leading to cell cancer and malignant tumours。
There is ample evidence that smoking can cause lung cancer, malignant neoplasms in the mouth and throat, larynx, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreas cancer, liver cancer, oesophagus cancer, stomach cancer, kidney cancer, and so on, and that the greater the amount of smoking and the longer the years of smoking, the higher the risk of disease. In addition, there is evidence that smoking increases the risk of acute leukemia, nasal cancer, colon cancer and breast cancer。
Smoking causes cardiovascular disease
Tobacco use can damage the inside function of angiogenesis and can lead to the hardening of anorexia, the narrowing of the arterial cavity and the obstruction of arterial blood flow, leading to numerous cardiovascular diseases。
There is ample evidence that smoking can lead to sclerosis of anorexia, coronary porridge sclerosis of heart disease, peri-brain and exterior artery diseases, with higher smoking levels and longer smoking years and higher risk of disease. In addition, there is evidence that smoking increases the risk of hypertension。
Smoking causes diabetes
Smoking inhibits insulin generation and affects insulin function. There is ample evidence that smoking can lead to type ii diabetes and that the greater the amount of smoking and the longer the age of smoking, the higher the risk of disease。
Smoking endangers reproductive health
Tobacco smoke contains a wide range of harmful substances that affect human reproductive and developmental functions。
Smoking causes damage to genetic material and has adverse effects on the endocrine system, the function of the fallopy, the placenta function, the immune function, the cardiovascular system of pregnant women and the foetus and the development of the organ of the fetus. There is ample evidence that female smoking can reduce the incidence of pregnancy, leading to pre-placement, early placental stripping, limited foetal growth, low birth weight of newborns and sudden infant death syndrome. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that smoking can lead to erection disorders, heterosexual pregnancies and spontaneous abortions, with second-hand smoke becoming more dangerous。
Second-hand smoke means the main tobacco smoke that smokes during the course of smoking, as well as the side-streaming of tobacco smoke from the burning of rolls of smoke or other flammable tobacco products, which is a mixture scattered in the air。
Second-hand smoke also contains hundreds of toxic chemicals, including carcinogens, heavy metals, tobacco-specific nitropamine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The exposure of non-smokers to second-hand smoke also increases the risk of multiple smoking-related diseases。
There is ample evidence that exposure to second-hand smoke can lead to lung cancer, smoke aversion, nasal irritation and coronary heart disease. Second-hand smoke exposure is particularly harmful to the health of pregnant women and children. A complete indoor ban on smoking is the only effective way to avoid the hazards of second-hand smoke。
Risk for passive smokers
Passive smoking inhales are second-hand smoke generated by smoke from active smokers and cigarette combustion。
The concentrations of harmful substances inhaled by passive smokers are not lower than those in active smokers, and in the cold smokes ejected by active smokers, the tar content is 1 times greater than in the heat smoked by smokers, 2 times more than benzene and 4 times more than carbon monoxide. International sample surveys confirm that 50 per cent of the cancers caused by smoking are passive smokers and that children in smoking households suffer more respiratory diseases than non-smokers。
Inhalation of many toxic substances, such as benzene, smoke base, formaldehyde, can cause snort, throat and chest irritation, as well as breathing difficulties, cough, sneezes, red eyes and tears, snot, headaches, dizziness, nausea and low concentration. Children are more likely to suffer from sudden infant mortality syndrome and acute chronic respiratory diseases, which affect their height and intellectual development。
It's hard for a patient to quit smoking
"what's so hard about quitting? I've quit a thousand times." mark twain mocked himself by saying that it was hard to quit smoking。
All those who have tried to quit, have a deep sense of the danger of quitting. The problem is that tobacco smokers have become dependent on tobacco, which is firmly controlled by the addiction of nicotine to tobacco. Nicotine is the third most addictive substance in the world, after heroin and cocaine。
When's the best time to quit
The cessation of smoking is a long-term war, ranging from “no thought” to “total cessation” is an incremental and phased “success” process. Most smokers will be able to quit fully after a full or most of the cessation stages. So stop smoking, please be patient。
So, how do we stop smoking scientifically? For smokers, there is a need to understand the following two generalities that contribute to successful cessation。
12 stages of successful cessation
The result of cessation intervention should not simply be understood as “no” or “no” but rather as an incremental, phased “success” process. There are generally 12 phases, as follows:
Specific practice:
On the basis of the above-mentioned 12 phases, it is important to determine the stage of cessation of smoking, taking into account the individual circumstances of the smokers, and if the cessation fails at some stage, to actively identify the reasons and deal with the problem。
Over and over again during the cessation period, the following eight anti-smoking strategies were viewed to facilitate successful cessation。
8 practical anti-smoking strategies
1. Firm conviction: to strengthen the consciousness of cessation of smoking and the conviction that cessation of smoking must be successful, and not to try to smoke after cessation, even a single cigarette。
2. Get support: tell families, friends and colleagues that they have decided to quit smoking and to gain their understanding, encouragement and support。
3. Restriction of drinking: drinking during cessation of smoking reduces the success rate of smoking cessation and minimizes participation in parties during cessation。
4. Fragmentation: do sports, do housework or do something you like。
Treatment of smoking gear: treatment of all tobacco-related articles around them, such as as ashtrays, lighters and cigarettes, and avoidance of “conditional reflexes” causing smoking。
6. Search for alternatives: some compensatory actions can be established, with the use of alternatives such as drinking water, chewing sugar free and so on。
7. Addressing the symptoms of abstinence:
"i feel nervous, irritated" -- deep breath, walk
"i feel tired, i always want to sleep" -- to make sure i get enough sleep
"i always want to eat" -- eat more vegetables and fruits instead of high-heat snacks
"i can't concentrate" — reducing the workload
8. Seeking professional help: obtaining professional smoking cessation counselling from doctors and following up regularly, using smoking cessation drugs, if necessary, under the supervision of physicians, which can alleviate cessation symptoms and assist smokers who wish to quit。
Young people are the hope of the future of the country. We need to create a smoke-free environment, raise the awareness of young people about smoking, refuse to smoke the first cigarette, educate young people and become a new generation without smoking
In conclusion, wish every smoke rider success
Source: sian medical school, hospital 1 section
