Ten instructions for earthquakes
I. Hiding under solid furniture like a table
The big shake is about a minute. First, they hide under a low-priority, solid table and hold their legs tight. In cases where there are no tables to hide, in any case, the head should be protected with cushions, etc。
Ii. The fire will be shut down as soon as it shakes
There will also be situations in which fire trucks cannot be relied upon to extinguish fires during major earthquakes. Each of us, therefore, is an important factor in the ability to keep the earthquake disaster to a minimum。
When the earthquake hit, there were three chances to shut it down
The first chance, when the little shake before the big shake: at the moment of the small motion of perception, say hello to each other: “earthquake! Turn off the fire!” and close the heating stoves, gas stoves and so on。
Second chance, when the big swing stops: it's dangerous to turn off the fire when the big shakes, the canteen on the stove, the heating stove, etc. Big shakes and stops and shuts the fire。
Third chance, after the fire: within 1-2 minutes, even in the event of a fire. In order to be able to quickly extinguish the fires, fire extinguishers, buckets and buckets are often placed near the fire site。
Three, don't go out in a panic
In the aftermath of the earthquake, it was dangerous to rush out in a panic and to smash glass, bricks on the roof, billboards, etc. In addition, cement prefabricated walls, vending machines, etc. Are in danger of collapse and should not approach these objects。
Iv. Opening the door to ensure exit
There have been instances of people being locked up in houses, etc., where the shaking of doors and windows caused by the earthquake resulted in the loss of access. Please open the door and make sure it's out。
V. In the outdoors, protect the head from danger
The most dangerous are the fall of windows, billboards, etc. On the luxurious streets and buildings. Be careful to protect the head with such things as hand or handbags. When entering the building, it is safer, as the case may be。
Vi. Acting at the direction of staff at department stores, theatres
In places with more people, such as department stores, underground streets, the worst is chaos. Please follow the instructions of the store staff and security officers。
Vii. Cars parking by roadside and restricted areas
In the event of a major earthquake, the car would be like a tire, unable to hold the wheel and difficult to drive. Due care must be taken to avoid the intersection and pull over the car. In order not to impede the passage of persons evacuated from their homes and emergency vehicles, the middle of the road must be released。
Viii. Be careful of landslides, cliffs or tsunamis
At the edge of the hill, on steep slopes, there is a danger of landslides and cliffs falling, and they should seek refuge in safety。
Ix. On foot when seeking refuge, carrying goods shall be at a minimum
The method of asylum is, in principle, organized by the public disaster prevention organization, the streets, etc., and is conducted on foot, under the leadership of the officials and the police, with the minimum amount of goods to be carried. Cars and bicycles must never be used to take refuge。
Ten, don't listen to rumors, don't move
When major earthquakes occur, people are psychologically vulnerable. To prevent chaos, it is extremely important that everyone act with the right information and calmly。
Emergency response in various situations at the onset of an earthquake
1. What should be done before the earthquake
In areas where devastating earthquakes are frequent, especially in areas where the government has officially released earthquake forecasts, each household must be carefully prepared to deal with them。
1. Family members are normally familiar with seismic knowledge and basic seismic methods and do not listen to and spread rumours after the earthquake. 2. Following the release of the forecast, the court shall prepare food, water, flashlights, towels, plain clothes, plastic sheeting and improvised tents, radios, callers, etc., for emergency preparedness for the closure of gas, electrical gates, etc. 3. Flammable, explosive and highly toxic articles should not be stored indoors and should be properly accommodated. Higher furniture does not contain heavy and stupid items. 4. The main door of the house, the building road and the corridor are free of miscellaneous items to facilitate the evacuation of personnel. Following the release of the earthquake alert, family members are subject to local government command and are evacuated along designated routes and locations。
Where should the evacuation be avoided during the earthquake
High buildings, narrow alleys, high pressure lines, transformers, steep slopes, river banks。
3. How can personal protection be exercised when earthquakes occur
A. If you are indoors, you should be able to hide close to a solid furniture, such as a desk, a solid bed, a pedestal of rural earthworms, or a small toilet and kitchen with multiple walls or pipes. Be careful not to go under the outside window, in the elevator room, let alone jump off the building, which is dangerous. B. If you are in the classroom, hold your head under the direction of the teacher, close your eyes and sit under their respective desks. As soon as the earthquake stops, there will be a rapid and orderly withdrawal, which should be carried out without overcrowding. C. If you are in a cinema, stadium or restaurant, you are required to lie under your seat promptly; you can also hide under the stage or the music pool; the audience at the door can quickly run outside or inside the stadium. D. If you are outside, stay as far as possible away from narrow streets, high buildings, high chimneys, transformers, glass curtain wall buildings, high bridges and yard facilities containing dangerous, flammable materials. After the earthquake had stopped, and in order to prevent aftershocks, it was not easy to run back into unfailing buildings. E. If you are at a department store, you should hide close to a pole or a large commodity, but avoid glass cabinets as much as possible. When upstairs, the opportunity to move gradually to the bottom. F. If you are in a workshop at the plant, you should be crouched near the large machine bed and equipment, but be careful to leave hazardous locations such as power, gas, fire, etc. G. If you are in a moving car, tram or train, hold on to your arm so as not to fall or touch, while bearing in mind that the luggage falls down and hurts. Those on the top of the seat in the direction of luggage can use their arms to guard their heads against the front chair; those on the back of the luggage can use their hands to guard their backs and knees to protect their abdomen. After the earthquake, the train was moved to the open. H. Wherever possible, the head is protected by cotton coverings, pillows, school bags or other soft objects, wherever they may be. If the open fire is being used, it should be quickly extinguished。
How can the special risks of earthquakes be properly addressed
When gas leaks occur, wet towels or wet clothing can be used to cover mouths, noses, no open fire, no switch on electrical appliances, and to prevent impacts between metal objects. In the event of a fire, lay down in the ground, covered its mouth and nose with wet towels, and moved against the wind to safety. When a toxic gas leak occurs, a wet towel is used to cover the mouth, nose and run in the direction of the opposite wind to the upper wind。
5. What self-saving measures should be taken after an earthquake
Those who were buried in a collapsed building during a major earthquake should be confident of being rescued, properly protecting themselves and actively carrying out their own rescue, provided that they were conscious and had no significant physical trauma. The use of wet towels, clothing or other fabrics to cover the mouth, nose and head to prevent asphyxiation of dust or further collapse of buildings may also be avoided. B. Strengths, feet, removal of dust on the face and objects on the body. C. Supporting heavy objects above the body with things that can be moved around to avoid further collapse; expanding the area of activity to maintain sufficient air. (d) when several persons are buried at the same time, they must encourage each other, plan together, work together and, if necessary, take action against them. E. Seeking and opening safe passages, trying to escape from danger and moving towards bright and safer areas. F. Inexorable from time to time and as low as possible. Where substitutes and water are available, they are planned to be used economically and for as long as possible, awaiting rescue. G. Maintaining physical strength and not calling out for help blindly. The walls were struck with bricks, iron pipes, etc., and the message was passed to the outside world when the surroundings were very quiet or when people were heard moving (outside). Call for help when you know someone not far away。
6. What should be the principle of mutual help after an earthquake
Mutual rescue refers to the rescue of those who have been rescued and those who have been specifically rescued from the rubble. In order to maximize the rescue of persons in distress, the following principles should be observed: a. First rescue where there are many people buried, that is, "first more and then less". B. First rescue of persons who have been buried in close proximity, i. E. "near and far". C. First rescue of easy-to-reach persons, i. E., "first come first."。
D. Rescue light and strong personnel first, and expand the rescue team to "light and weigh". E. If medical personnel are buried, priority should be given to rescue and increased rescue capacity。
7. How to find those who were buried after the earthquake
Using rescue dogs and methods to measure trace carbon dioxide gases, it is easy to locate people in distress. In order to save time, however, it is also possible to find the buried survivors by a simple means. The first is to ask those who know who lives in which buildings, whether or not to go out during the earthquake, what life habits, etc. To find reliable leads. The second is to observe how the ruins are stacked, especially whether there is room for survival in the areas where people live, and to observe how there are traces or blood in the ruins that are not crawling. The third is listening, listening to the living. The way to listen is to listen in the ground, to listen when the night is quiet, and to listen while knocking (or blowing a whistle). Sometimes you bang him and you connect with the outside. The fourth is an analysis of the original structure, usefulness, material, level and state of collapse of the collapsed buildings and an assessment of the survival of the persons who have been buried。
8. How can scientificly excavate persons who have been buried during rescue
Excavation should be carried out with care to secure the support, remove the obstacles and secure the living space of the buried. The more caution is exercised in the use of excavators, the more close to the captors, the more manual. When there is no lifting tool to save it, it is possible to deliver fluid food to sustain life and mark, wait for assistance and do nothing. B. When saving a person, first determine the position of the head of the person under pressure, make the head fully exposed with maximum speed, and remove the grey soil from the mouth, nasal cavity and keep it breathing. The chest cavity is then exposed and if suffocated, artificial respiration should be performed immediately. (c) support above the captors should be properly strengthened to prevent a new collapse of the upper heavy objects during the rescue. D. When the person under pressure is unable to come out on his or her own behalf, he or she shall be carefully questioned and observed in order to ascertain the injury; and shall not be forced in order to prevent new damage. E. In the case of vertebrate damage, the excavation shall be conducted in such a way as to avoid aggravated damage. During the transfer, it is not possible to carry it, not with a soft stretcher, much less with one person carrying his chest and one person carrying his leg. It would be preferable for three or four persons to carry the injured person's head, back, buttocks, legs, flat on a hard stretcher or doorboard and to hold the tape and carry it back. F. In case of fractures of limbs and damage to the joint, the wood shall be collected and the sheet shall be fixed with wooden sticks, branches, cardboard, etc. The end of the wound limb should be visible at the fixed end in order to observe blood circulation. G. When handling a wounded person who is suffering from respiratory difficulties, he or she shall use a subsidement and turn his or her head to one side in order to avoid suffocation。
9. How can health prevention be done after an earthquake
(1) the importance of maintaining hygiene and immunization. Following the earthquake, a large number of houses collapsed and sewers were blocked, resulting in widespread waste and sewage spills, as well as the decomposition and stenching of livestock bodies, which made them highly susceptible to infectious diseases and rapid spread. In history, there's a saying that there must be a plague after the disaster. It is therefore important that health preparedness be carefully addressed in post-earthquake relief efforts. (2) put the disease in the mouth. Communicable diseases such as diarrhea, enteritis, hepatitis and typhoid are easily occurring and prevalent during the summer fall festival. The most important measures to prevent intestinal infectious diseases are water sanitation, food hygiene and the management of garbage and faeces. Drinking water sources are specially protected and wells are empty and disinfected. When drinking water, it is best to clean and disinfect it; and to create conditions for drinking it. B. It is important to have proper food hygiene. The storage, transport and distribution of relief foods should be monitored by a dedicated team; relief foods, excavated foods, should be tested and re-edged. The inspection and supervision of institutional canteens, operating restaurants, etc., are to be strengthened to ensure the prevention of flies, sterilisation of meals, etc. C. Cleaning of toilets and garbage. After the earthquake, there was no fixed place for people to go because of the collapse of toilets; the waste was not clearly separated from the rubble, and the mosquito flies were growing. It is therefore necessary to systematically build simple fly-proof latrines after the earthquake, to dump garbage in fixed locations and to organize cleaning teams to empty them on time and transport them to designated locations for uniform disposal. (3) elimination of mosquito flies. The mosquito fly is the vector of infectious diseases such as meningitis b and diarrhoea. The eradication of mosquito flies requires not only widespread spraying, but also the use of vehicles to spray in the streets, indoor spraying with sprayers and leaving no breeding ground for mosquito flies. In areas where malaria occurs, special attention should be paid to mosquito prevention. Sleep at night to prevent mosquito bites. If it is found that the patient suddenly suffers from high fever, headaches, vomiting and a hard neck, it is necessary to find a doctor to treat the disease, bearing in mind the possibility of contracting encephalitis. (4) maintain good hygiene practices. Every citizen in an earthquake-affected area should strive to remain optimistic, be healthy and exercise better during the earthquake response. In light of climate change, clothing should be increased and reduced at all times, taking care to keep warm and to prevent respiratory infections such as cold, bronchitis and influenza. The elderly and children must pay special attention to the prevention of pneumonia. In the winter, attention should be paid to keeping the head and hands and feet warm to prevent cold acne; in the summer, some cold water should be prepared, some pickles should be eaten, salt and moisture lost to the body as a result of the sweating and the heat should be prevented。
