Walnuts are one of the country's major dry fruit species, with multiple vitamins, their taste and nutrition are irreplaceable, and their prices have been on the rise. In recent years, it has been planned to develop 60,000 acres of high-quality walnuts in a six-year period, with 100,000 acres of walnuts and 1 acre per person in the hills by 2016. At present, the area under cultivation is almost 70,000 acres, mainly concentrated in the towns of long feng, myeongshan and yi chiang. The climate relief conditions are suitable for the growth of dried walnuts, which are promising for local economic development. In cultivation management, then, mastering its biological properties, choosing hill slopes, flats and well-drained ditches with a backwind towards the sun, will greatly facilitate the high production and management of dried walnuts. The following is a description of walnut cultivation and management:
I. Dry fruit walnut cultivation
1. Varieties and density. For more flat plots or large fields, it is appropriate to select species such as xian ling, lu gwang and yuen fung, with a park density of 300-450 hectares/ha, or 20-30 hectares per acre, with a range of 5 x 6-4 x 5. For mountains and hills with a certain slope, it is appropriate to select varieties such as fragrance, plume and crust, with a park density of 450-750/ha, or 30-50 per acre, with a range of 4x5-3x4。
2. Land selection. The walnuts are suitable for growth on a warm, deep, well-watered sandy or light-hot soil, before being planted in a full-scale deep tillage or piece-and-squared field, in which the roots of the caves, the roots of the earth, the guest earth are refilled, the water is filled, the temperature is preserved and the nutrients are sufficient to ensure that the walnuts are planted to work and to facilitate the rapid growth of the walnut trees. The walnut plant is to be “six ones”, that is, “select a good land, dig a large cave, put a load of farm fertilizer, plant a strong seedling, water and cover a membrane”. Covered membranes are designed to reduce evaporation on the surface, promote evaporation of seedlings, isolate insects, accelerate root system development and reduce seeding periods。
It is worth the attention of a wide range of farmers' friends that “showing water” does not absolutely guarantee the amount of water needed by the trees, especially in the face of the continuous drought of the previous three years, and that walnut trees must be replenished in a timely manner to ensure that the trees live, to promote early separation of the cells of the trees and to work towards the early establishment of a walnut garden。
Ii. Management of dried nuts
According to the agricultural proverb, the crops are “triples, sevens”. Fruit trees are no exception, but management is important. It is a fruit; it is a great wealth; it is poorly managed or poorly managed; it is a growing, rich tree。
1. Integrative trim. In order for the walnuts to produce early results and to be productive and stable as soon as possible, rational remodelling and cutting is an important and essential technical measure. The walnuts are trimmed during a different period than the normal fruit tree, and the walnuts have to be trimmed properly, with their roots high and fluidable, causing damage to the tree body and even death. The cut must be performed before the leaves turn yellow after the fruit has been harvested and duly trimmed. The first is to control the second branch, the second is to suppress the long branch, the third is to treat the nutrient branch, the fourth is to remove the secret branch and the fifth is to cut the back branch. The wounds were also filled with anti-corruptive membranes in a timely manner, facilitating the healing of the wounds and preventing invasive infections。
Ii. Steady cut. Growers are expected to expand during the flowering season, the early fruit period and the fruit expansion period by spraying the fruit tiring, promoting the fattening of the fruit, increasing the amount of nutrient delivery, preventing the fallout, increasing pollination capacity, increasing the sit-in rate, accelerating the rate of expansion and ensuring the quality and high yield of the fruit products. The age of the tree's walling fruit creates an imbalance in the carrying of the tree, affecting both balanced returns and the health of the orchard's tree body. Plumbing and, in particular, the removal of excessive numbers of males are important for productive use, so that the bouquets can be brushed once a year during their split period, so that the bouquets can divide, so as to inhibit summer hysteria, so that they can grow and pollinate。
3. Disease control. The walnut pests are mainly moths, moths, elephants, etc. The main diseases are walnut black spots, dead branches, etc. Biopesticides are used for insects, and thiomers are sprayed throughout the garden in the spring. At the same time, the garden sprays new high-fat membranes。
4. Reasonable fertilization. Fertilization is an important measure to ensure that walnut trees grow properly and reach a high level of productivity. It not only provides direct nutrients, but also improves the physical composition and structure of the soil and promotes the growth of the root systems of the larvae, the separation of the buds and the production of results at an early stage. The annual application rate for each tree is 0. 1 kg of nitrogen fat, 0. 03 kg of phosphorus and potassium fat for one year and 0. 1 kg of nitrogen fat for the following year, increased to 0. 5 kg of nitrogen fat for the age of the tree, increased phosphorus and potassium fertility for five years, and applied organic fertilizers of 5kg for the period from 6 to 8 years, followed by 0. 55 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0. 4 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, 0. 5 kg of potassium and 10 kg of organic fertiliser。
In short, the path of the high-quality dried fruit walnuts will be wider and will contribute effectively to the economic growth of families, while the sustainable development of the city-wide dry fruit walnut industry will be strongly promoted. (song city integrated agricultural service centre, suzhou city)
