Fund project: three planting techniques a year for the melon-light arch in western america
Fund project: horticulture laboratory for tertiary facilities, shandong department of education, 2018
Assistance project (2018 yy029)。
Chang deshan
The town of su guangdang has a long history of planting melons in the name of the “first town of chinese melons” and has grown more of “elizabeth” in the past, creating the brand of quague. In recent years, the area of “mei” cultivation in the western state has been gradually expanding, and the three-year planting techniques in the arch shed have brought good economic benefits to the farmers。
1 varieties selection
Select the species with high appearances, high sugar content, good tastes, adaptive resistance and high yield, such as "mee 25, western county", from planting to maturity 65-75d。
2. Spectrum arrangements
The sugar cane is grown three times a year: early spring, summer and winter。
3 total fertilizer application
In combination, early springs and autumn winters are applied to fully decomposed chicken dungs of 6-8 m3 per 667 m2, and triple-sum fertilizer (n-p-k for 15-15-15) 50-60kg. It's about 20 to 25 cm tall, 55 to 60 cm wide, 85 to 90 cm wide. The summer break is a complementary one, with short distances and a tillage method to save time。
4 cultivation
4. 1 improper planting
The "mi 25" in western states has sprung from seeding to the established age of 35 to 38d, with the rest ranging from 33 to 35d. Production is carried out by push-down, with planting time pushing up 35d. The maturity time is delayed by 75-85d。
4. 2 seed treatment
The seeds are poured into 50-55 °c warm water, they are quickly mixed, the water temperature is reduced to 28-30 °c, then they are immersed in three to five °c, they are immersed in high-temperature disinfected wet towels, and they are sprung in an environment of 28-30 °c, and more than 70 per cent of the seeds are seeded in white。
4. 3 caveboard preparation
The plant uses 50-cunctues, guarine seedlings, and generally 10 cm x 10 cm of trophic conflict。
Five
5. 1 early spring
1) timing: mid-february。
2) detachments: in order to maintain soil moisture and increase soil temperature, 20-25 d of the first shacks were set up。
3) marks for planting: the temperature of 5 cm at 12°c or above can be stabilized at 12°c。
4) plantation methods: it is established in the morning by clear mornings, using dark-water planting methods, i. E. Opening ditches or digging caves, pouring small water, bringing scavengers, water permeating and closing ditches or dens (so that the soil surface is so little wet that it is conducive to a rise in temperature, promotion of root system activity, reduction of slow seeding time and increase in survival). In production, it is strictly forbidden to pour water into the morning spring。
5) plantation density: a two-line staggered plant with a suitable range of 45 to 50 cm and 1,800 to 2,000 plants per 667 m2. A membrane cover is then established, air moisture is reduced and disease is reduced。
5. 2 summerfalls
1) timing of planting: in mid-may, depending on the occurrence of pests and insects, the temperature is high from 3 to 5 d。
2) the method of planting is selected in the morning or in the afternoon of the sun. It is built with clear water, i. E. Open ditches, saplings, sealing ditches and pouring water. Due to the high temperatures and temperatures during this period, water needs to be poured in order to properly reduce the temperature and reduce the time required for seedlings。
3) set plant density: this period is a period of sufficient light and can be slightly larger, with 1,900 to 2,100 plants per 667 m2。
5. 3 falls and winters
1) set planting time: 7-10 d before planting in mid-august, to take out some pests。
2) planting methods: reference to summer。
3) set the depth of the plant: this period is characterized by a gradual reduction in the intensity of the light, with 1,800-1,900 plants per 667 m2. A slow seedling is followed by membrane cover。
6 post-plant management
6. 1 fertilizer water management
Water is generally not required in 7-8d after planting or, if soil moisture is insufficient, small water. Reduce water before flowering, keep the soil dry and wet, and prevent melons from growing. The water is watered in a combination of fat-hunting and boosting the fruits. The demand for potassium fertilizer increased during the period of fruit expansion, with a three-dollar composite fertilizer (n-p-k for 15-15-20) applied every 667 m2. In combination with the growth of the plant, 0. 2% of the potassium phosphate solution is sprayed on the right side of the leaf at intervals of 7-8d and 2 times in a row. During the coiling period, the water is sore, the water is so small that it is so small that it is not evenly distributed and cracks appear. 8-10d before the fruit matures, stop watering。
6. 2 temperature management
In order to ensure temperature, early spring festivals, the arch sheds are in the form of three layers of cover. In case of cooling weather, the night sheds are surrounded by herbs or warmth. Temperatures were slightly higher during the breakout period, increasing the survival rate. The temperature is 28-30°c during the day and 16-17°c at night. When the seedlings are slow, the temperature drops slightly, 25-28°c during the day and 14-15°c at night. Vegetable expansion period 28-32°c, night 15-17°c. After mid-april, the temperature of the outside world increased, resulting in timely ventilation. Attention is given to the use of side-to-side ventilation and the addition of insecticide-treated nets to vents to reduce the incidence of pests。
6. 3 photomanagement
The melon is radiant, and if there is more dust out of thin membranes in production, it should be cleaned up in due course. In order to reduce the danger of strong light, the roof of the shed is covered with a sunnet。
6. 4 plantation adjustments
The "mix 25 western state" uses the whole branch of a single cranium, which allows for the full utilization of space, the reduction of shades between leaves and the increase of ventilation. Planted around 40 cm to make a cranium, attached at the bottom to live knots, entangled in the direction of a clockwise. "mee 25, western state" is 10-12, under 9 and outside of the tree branch. In a timely manner, the female leaves two leaves behind, and the chicken leaves 25-28 leaves behind. Attention is drawn to the fact that, when removing the chicken from the side, the main chicken is carried out with one hand and broken with one hand, so that it is not too much force, with a large wound, or is susceptible to disease. The whole branch is best carried out in the afternoon, with a heavy humidity, a breakable penis, a dry wound and a strong。
6. 5 polluting and melons
Artificially assisted pollination to increase sit-in rates. Optimum pollination time is 08:00 – 10:00, choosing the males that opened up on the day, removing the petals, softly rubbing the luminous poles with the appearance of the male and two females with each. The eggs of the guacamole are kept in full hours and the fruit-shaped guacamole of the week is chosen, and the female guacamole of the second female is generally kept. When the fruit is 400-500g, in order to prevent the break of the penis, the guacamole starts to be hung from the horizontal wire with a thin rope to the end。
6. 6 pest management
6. 6. 1 melon disease
1) agriculture prevention and control: application of high-quality, sufficiently decomposed corrosive cortex, with attention to increasing the application of potassium phosphorus and avoiding the application of nitrogen. High-strength cultivation, membrane cover, increased temperature and reduced humidity. In due course, the field leaves were removed, the strain was immediately removed and lime was cast for disinfection。
2) chemical prevention: use of 25% of the methadone, wettable powder 800 - 1,000 times more liquid, or 58% of the mercuric zinc humid powder 500 - 600 times liquid, or 64% of the venomicide humid powder 400 - 500 times root, 250 - 300 ml, one root every 7 - 10 d, three - four successively。
6. 6. 2 anthrax
1) agriculture prevention and control: increased application of potassium phosphorus fattening, application of leaf noodles and control of humidity in sheds。
2) chemical control: 50% metamine wettable powder 1,200 to 1,500 times more liquid, or 50% mg humid powder 1,200 to 1,500 times more liquid spray at intervals 7 to 8d spray 1 and 2 to 3 series。
6. 6. 3 frosty
1) agriculture prevention and control: strengthen field management, complete the branches in a timely manner and maintain ventilation. The use of high-temperature shacks for 1 to 2 treatments in the early days of frosting can be effectively controlled. Close the shed at around 10:00, raise the temperature in the shed to 40-45°c, maintain 2h and then cool the air。
2) chemical control: fumes, 45% of all enzyme fumes, 200 - 250 g per 667 m2, in sheds, 4 - 5 fires, fumigation, 1 night, ventilation the following morning, 7 - 8 d fumigation times. The spray method, 75% of which is used to clear the wettable powder 500-600 times more liquid, or 58% of the mercuric zinc wet powder 500-600 times more liquid, or 72% of the frosted manganese zinc wet powder 600-800 times more liquid spray at intervals 7-8d times。
6. 6. 4 leaf is dead
1) agriculture prevention and treatment: cleaning of fields, cleaning of weeds, residuals and rendering harmless. Early springs and autumns and winters have sprung deep into the ground, with high masonry and membranes being planted to reduce the humidity of the shed. Appropriately increase the application of potassium phosphorus to increase the resistance of plants and reduce the incidence of diseases. Increased ventilation by beating the chicken in time。
2) chemical control: use of 75% of the 100-accumulative humid powder 500-600 times more liquid, or 80% of the manganese zinc wet powder 500-600 times liquid, or 25% of the ethylene ester suspension 1,200-1,500 times liquid, or 50% of the hemoveable powder 1,200-1,500 times liquid spray, spacing, 7-8d spraying one time and 2-3 times。
6. 6. 5 bacteria folicemia
1) agriculture prevention and control: timely removal of sick leaves, prohibition of heavy water flooding, timely ventilation and wetting of water, and prevention of larger wounds from the whole of the swirling。
2) chemical control: using 3% of the mesophyllic humid powder 800-1,000 times the fluid, or 20% of the copper suspension agent 500-600 times the fluid, or 77% of the copper hydroxide humid powder 400-500 times the fluid spray at intervals 7-8d 1 and 2-3 times。
6. 6. 6 aphids
1) physical control: the vent is equipped with an anti-worm network. Set up cedars in the interior, paint the machine oil and trap them into insects, set the cedar between the lines, 20-30 cm above the plant, and set a 30-40 per 667 m2。
2) chemical control: application of 0. 65% thorium artemisinin-based insecticidal water agent 300 - 400 times liquid, or 2. 5% cactus cream 600 - 800 times liquid, or 10% thorium thiram humid powder 1,200 - 1,500 times liquid at intervals of 7 - 8d times。
7 harvest
"mix 25, western state." from flowering to maturity, 35 to 38d. For long-range transport, the harvest period is 3-4d earlier, and for local sale, it is taken 1-2d before the physiology maturity. Note that the harvest time is best in the morning or evening, with the retention of the "t" type handle, short scissors, foam net wraps and fewer collisions。
