(i) arrangements for seeding periods and selection of bacteria
Currently, mushroom production in the northern part of the country uses greenhouses as a mushroom-producing site, which are highly affected by climatic conditions, seasonally and can be divided into summer and winter broadcasts. The period during which mushrooms are seeded in various locations is subject to local climatic conditions. The production of mushrooms in the beijing region is mostly summer-sown, with mushrooms coming out in autumn, winter and spring, and since the mushrooms are due in mid-september, the specific planting time should be in early july and early june. Medium-temperature or moderate-temperature low-temperature strains should be selected. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in the spread of mushrooms in winter due to the high temperatures and the high humidity season during which the bacterial pollution is difficult to control. Production was generally made at the end of november and early december, planting at the end of december and early january and mushrooming at the shed in mid-march. Most strains are medium or high temperature。
(ii) plantation formulation
Cultivation is the basis for the growth and development of mushrooms, so its good and bad effects directly affect the success of mushroom production and the low yield and quality. As organic material resources vary from place to place, the planting materials used for mushroom production are not the same. 78 per cent of wood crumbs, 20 per cent of wheat thallium, 1 per cent of sugar, 1 per cent of plaster and 60-65 per cent of water content。
Plantation formulations: take various components in terms of quantity, first by comparing the quantity of cotton seed skins and corn cores that absorb more water with the amount of 1:1. 4 to 1. 5, and then by mixing the plaster, calcium perphosphate with the skin, wood crumbs, and then even with the soybeans or corn cores that have been watered; and by mixing sugar, urea with water, with water fractions of the material, and with gills and bamboo brooms. Can't have dry material particles。
(iii) vaccination and vaccination
The best group of five in the bag is packed with a bag, and one person is fed into the tank; two persons, on a rotational basis, put a plastic bag on the tank, hold the bag gently with one hand, press the bottom of the bag with one hand, as hard as possible, as tight as possible, while the other two prepare the bag as tight as possible, so that the bag is fast and tight as possible, with a nylon rope, with two ends of the plastic bag, and then the bag folds over and tightens, so as to prevent leaks in the cartridge and to reduce cross-pollution with a low-density polyethylene bag. Hand-held bags, which need to be filled with material, shaking with plastic bags, and crushing the material with a wooden stick, so that the bag is so tight that it is so tight that it is also fitted outside with a low-density polyethylene bag, and so on. The bag is called the material bag. Packing during high-temperature seasons, with a concentration of manpower, generally requires a period of not more than six hours from the beginning of the bag to the boiler sterilisation, otherwise acids become smelt. The bag is filled with a emptiness or a “#” type bulge in a fungicide pan, which makes it easier to move the air and does not have a dead end. When the heating begins with the application of constant pressure steam sterilisation, the fire is strong enough to reach 100 °c in 4-5 hours (the temperature below the stove should also be 98 °c), to remain at 60 hours and be suffocated for another 3 hours. (the stove must be filled with water in a timely manner and the temperature of recharge must not be less than 80°c)
Cars, baskets, etc. Are also sprayed with 2% lysol or 75% alcohol. Thermal bags that have just come out of the pot are transported to the disinfected cooling room or are inoculated for cooling, and can only be inoculated if the temperature of the bags is reduced to below 30°c。
In most of my district, zunon used a tent to inoculate, a shed containing 2,000 boulders and unzipping the ropes in the bag, which required 3 to 5 aerosol disinfectants to be ignited and could be inoculated for 4 to 5 hours under seal. Vaccination is carried out in a sterile manner. Inoculations on the side are usually made of 55 cm long plastic drums, which are used to fill five holes, three on one side and two on the other. A group of three persons, the first person to carry a vaccination bag to the table and put a cone of a wooden rod used for lacerations in a glass filled with 75 per cent alcohol. The alcohol is immersed by two centimetres of the tip of the stick, the bag is dropped, 75 per cent of the alcohol tampons is sprayed on the side side of the bag with one hand, and a wooden stick is used on the side of the disinfected material bag for three places. After the second person had his hands decontaminated with an alcoholic cotton ball, he was able to fill the caves with bacterial saplings of small dates with his hands, which were to fill the inoculations slightly higher than the cavity. After five vaccination dens were filled with germs, the third person put the bag together and put it in full. Vaccinations must be carried out in the absence of a high temperature in the day and are generally arranged at night or in the early hours of the following day in the best weather-free days。
Vaccinations with vaccinate boxes tend to be more successful than in the inoculation rooms, because of the small size of the boxes, the fact that they are sealed and completely disinfected. However, single-person inoculation boxes can only be operated by one person and can only be administered on two sides of a short package. In the case of side-to-side lacerations, it would be preferable to use a double inoculation box, operated jointly by two persons, one who is responsible for lacerations and glued paper seals, and the other who transfers bacterial seeds to the caves in a sterile procedure. Although the success rate was higher than in vaccination accounts and rooms, it was inefficient and was not recommended for use。
(iv) sphinx management
(1) catalysing: the mushrooms are fungus that are warmer and condensed, with a certain temperature difference, dispersion light and fresh air conducive to the division of the base of the sub-entity. At this point, the temperature of the mushroom greenhouse, which is usually removed from the oscillator, is best kept at 10-22°c, with a temperature difference of 5-10°c between day and night. When natural temperatures are small, the opportunity to ventilate during the day and night can also be used to artificially increase the temperature differential。
(2) management of the growth and development period of the sub-entity: after the separation of mushrooms, they enter the growth and development period. The temperature for growth of the mushroom strains varies from one temperature to another, with most strains growing and developing within the temperature range of 8-25°c, with the highest temperature ranging from 15 to 20°c, and under constant temperature conditions. It requires a relative humidity of 85% to 90%. As the sub-entity grows, breathing increases, carbon dioxide accumulates faster, ventilation is enhanced and the air is fresh, and there is a certain amount of diffuse light。
Winter temperatures are low in the north, the sub-entities grow slowly, yield low, but mushrooms are thick and of good quality. The focus of this season management is to keep the temperature warm, to increase light during the day, to add straw curtains at night, to keep the temperature above 7°c in the greenhouses, with the conditions to warm the fire, and to ventilate at noon. Humidity can be regulated by water spraying in space and on walls, with less direct water being sprayed on the fungus column. If the temperature is low and mushrooms are not available, the relative humidity of the greenhouses is kept at 70 to 75 per cent, and bacterial inoculations become winterier。
The spring climate is dry and windy. At that time, the fungus column was produced through the fall and winter, which was characterized by water loss and insufficient moisture, and the growth of the fungus was not strong in the autumn. The focus of the management was on water recharge of the fungus column, impregnation time of 2-4 hours, frequent water spraying on the wall and space, and the relative humidity of the air remained at 85 to 90 per cent. In the early spring, care should be taken to keep the temperature warm, properly ventilated, ventilated after spraying, and to control the ventilation time without causing a decrease in temperature and humidity。
(v) major pest control
I. The corrective methodology
(1) cultivation of culture must be complete and the pre-wetting of culture must be evenly balanced in order for it to be eradicated。
(ii) space disinfection with the use of mushroom preservation aerosols prior to vaccination, and strict use and methods of use to prevent air pollution。
(3) inoculation is carried out strictly in a sterile manner。
(4) green mold is found on the face of the fungus and can be injected into the victim's body with 75% alcohol or a 2% graphite carbonate mixture。
(5) if found on a post-fault tube, it can be painted with more than 0. 2% fungus or lime。
Ii. The collective methodology
(1) the formulation of culture can be effective in controlling chain aroma with more than 1,800 fungus solute。
(2) rigid inoculation。
(3) the fungus bags in the mushroom house are stacked in a dry, damp and hot environment。
(4) if lime powder is found to be applied to critical areas, then it is taken to a remote depth to avoid contamination of the space with a wet cloth bag permeating 0. 1% of the potassium permanganate solution。
Iii. Climate methodology
(1) improved ventilation, reduced humidity and reduced hazard。
(2) the local occurrence can be washed with 5-10% lime water。
In addition, there are fungus such as molasses, curros: one that addresses the conflict between the temperature, humidity and gas of the puerperium, creates, as far as possible, environmental conditions conducive to the development of the guerilla production, and creates a strong growth advantage to control the growth of the fungi. 2 enhance ventilation and reduce air moisture. Cultivators must be completely sterile, inoculated and sterile. Environmental sanitation is one of the most effective ways to reduce bacterial pollution by reducing the density of the fungus in air. Sub-house 5 often uses 0. 2% soap water or 50% polybsmelling, 20 kg water per bag with high efficiency green sluice (optional pesticide use, prohibition of continuous use of the same chemical pesticide) solution to prevent contamination of the environment and air by the fungus。
(vi) collection
When the sub-entity grows to the point where the membrane is broken, the lid is not fully stretched, the inside of the edge is condensed, the muscular is fully stretched and converted from white to brown, the sub-entity is ready to be harvested. The bacterial column should be held in one hand for the harvest, and the core of the bacterium should be squeezed with one hand and pulled down。
