“the retail price of chicken cabbage in the shanghai market is about $450 per 500 gram, the wholesale market is about $2 per 500 gram, our field prices are 30 to 40 per cent lower than the wholesale price, and green eco-ecological vegetables are produced without fertilizer and chemical pesticides.” in shanghai, the head of the hua guo base in bay town, huo xian district, was in the field far from pointing to the chicken cuisine in the base。
The site only started its trial production in the first half of this year, but the reputation of “cost-effective goods” has been publicized, and many wholesale markets have been greeted with euphemism as they wish to sell “bentures”. Since the base has planned to develop the production and marketing of land to the community through 1,200 retail outlets, reducing circulation links and allowing citizens to eat good and affordable vegetables。
It is one of the “methods” of high-quality agricultural development in shanghai: the project covers a total area of approximately 2,700 acres and consists of 10 sequentially lined single-body greenhouses, with a single room of up to 250 acres, making it the largest single-body greenhouse in the world. The main variety of species at the base is chicken cabbage, together with spinach, cabbage, artemisinin and mustard, which are preferred by shanghai consumers, and are expected to reach 60,000 tons of chicken cabbage by the end of next year。
“global number one” security supply
“shanghai is a mega-cities with high demand for the scale and quality of agricultural supplies, so it is necessary to promote high-quality agricultural development by continuously optimizing the allocation of agricultural resource elements, industrial structure, spatial layout and management, and improving agricultural efficiency and competitiveness. "the head of the shanghai rural and agriculture commission said:。
As a modern agricultural project, the aim is to meet the demand of the shanghai market for quality and affordable green leaves through scale, ecology and mechanization. Because the greenhouse sheds cover the rain, the pompous green vegetables do not have to worry about the wind and rain, nor do they have to worry about high temperatures and cold temperatures to achieve a stable supply of production throughout the year。
When journalists visited the greenhouse, the temperature was about 14°c outside the room, reaching 23°c, without air conditioning and relying on the greenhouse's capacity. There are ventilation windows at the top of the greenhouses, with both internal and external shades, which are discussed: the opening of windwindows in the summer, which can effectively reduce indoor temperatures, together with the fact that the base is adjacent to the sea, and the blowing of hot air, can further mitigate the impact of hot heat on vegetable growth. It was measured this summer, with ventilation combined with internal shades, that the greenhouses were 5°c below the interior。
The outer shades are rare reds, which are the result of careful design: when the red shades are pulled open in winter, the greenhouses are filled with red bells, adding the red waves that green leaves grow like. The green food that absorbs red light bordeaux makes the leaves thicker and tastes better。
(red shades in the greenhouse opening) photos of data)
At present, the three sheds of the first phase of the project have begun to experiment with planting, with an average of 20 to 30 days to harvest a chicken cabbage. Base scientists are still not satisfied and are studying the adaptation of different vegetable varieties. “even chicken cuisine has dozens of varieties, which are the most suitable for this area and ensure a sense of taste.”
Ecogents have qualities
The strength of the base is greater than its size, and more than its cultivation。
In the nursery area, the plume, which has just spread two or three leaves, is lovely. However, zhang yujiang, the director of pesticides and agro-fertilizers at the base, values the soil used by the seedlings - peat from lithuania. The peat is a nutrient-rich organic soil that is very conducive to the development of seedlings and plays a role in the fertilization and improvement of soil quality at the base, in addition to breeding。
“when seedlings are moved, the peat soil used for seedlings is collected together, with other organic raw materials, such as soybeans, plant ash, seabird phosphorus fertilisers, mixed to produce eco-farm fertilizers for long-term vegetables.” zhang yujin's mobile phone contains hundreds of tables detailing soil changes in the growing process of every pickle in each field, covering a number of indicators such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, ph, etc
The data show the role of organic agricultural fertilizers: before the tests, the base soil organic content was only 0. 5 per cent, which can be described as “infertile”; after more than half a year of testing, it now stands at 1. 1 per cent and is suitable for most of the vegetables to be grown; and the indicator of electrical conductivity to assess the accumulation of soil salts has remained at a low level, indicating that vegetables are well absorbed into agricultural fertilizers and that the soil is not fertilized to produce a plate。
(the original base soil is left, the improved soil is right)
The cost of organic fertilizer based on peat processing is also low. It is estimated that, with equal fertility, organic agricultural fertilizer will be reduced by 3/4 times compared to traditional fertilizers and by 1/10 times; it will be further reduced by precision management methods such as soil fertilization。
The pesticide used in the base also follows the organic, non-residual principle: deworming uses pepper water to prevent fungus use of woody vinegar ... There is also a magical flame mower that fires fire, decontaminating soil at a high temperature of 1,000°c, destroying weedseeds, eggs, etc. On the surface of the earth, and fundamentally reducing the use of late-stage eco-pesticides。
According to the officials in charge of the shanghai investment operator, china solid industries, the shanghai market is demanding on the scale and quality of agricultural products, but because of limited land resources and higher human costs, it has to follow a modern development path. “agriculture modernization has two dimensions: the production market prefers high-quality products, the promotion of natural agriculture, the abandonment of fertilizers and chemical pesticides, and the introduction of industrial practices and management into agriculture, precision management and reduced efficiency”
The price of machine-for-manufacturance
The journalists also took note of a particular detail: the food at the huagui base is particularly well grown, especially the seedlings, which form a sap of 234 squares in a small box with only a quarter of hands. “this is the basis for mechanized production. When the seedlings grow to a certain extent, the seedlings are able to plant the seedlings from the cadavers into the ground, followed by mechanized harvesting.” according to han xian, the head of the base machinery and equipment, the traditional farming industry is experiencing labour-cost difficulties: “traditional green vegetable cultivation is in great demand and 40 per cent of the price of vegetables is labour-cost; it has not been possible to recruit people during these years, many of them over 65 years of age. Without addressing the problem of mechanized cultivation, scaling up is difficult and the prices of vegetables cannot be reduced.”
As a result, the base has promoted mechanized cultivation, with unique farm machines coming from all over the world: china's flat tiller, italy's moisturizer, japan's fertilizers ... Even during the nursery stage, there are selected seedlings with several cameras that can automatically identify stunted seedlings and remove them before planting。
The breakdown of mechanized planting equipment is extensive, but it needs to be adapted to the way green leaves are produced. For example, han xian has installed a balancing machine for a tiller, which makes the cultivated land more flat and easier to work with an automatic harvester, which is divided into a ground vegetable harvester, an underground vegetable harvester, etc., depending on the type of vegetable. The shanghai agricultural institute and the municipal institute of agricultural machinery are also involved in studying mechanized production methods for different vegetables。
With growing mechanization, the effectiveness of “mechanical replacement” has been seen, for example, in the completion of 800 rolls of seedlings and nearly 190,000 seedlings within one hour. The base has also calculated that, in the future, only nine staff members per greenhouse shed will be able to complete the entire process of planting and harvesting vegetables and address the problem of too high labour costs
“the exchange of machines is an important task in the development of agriculture in shanghai.” the head of the shanghai rural commission said that 18 “machine-for-manufacturing” demonstration bases had been established throughout the city to explore different mechanized production methods. At present, the integrated machinery at these bases has reached 55 per cent, aiming at 75 per cent mechanization of the main green vegetable production at the end of the “1455” period, and providing a “shanghai model” for the production of vegetables nationwide。
